2013-14. Ancient – BC-500AD Medieval – 500-1400 Renaissance – 1400-1600 Baroque –...
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Transcript of 2013-14. Ancient – BC-500AD Medieval – 500-1400 Renaissance – 1400-1600 Baroque –...
BAND NOTES2013-14
Musical Eras
Ancient – BC-500AD Medieval – 500-1400 Renaissance – 1400-1600 Baroque – 1600-1750 Classical – 1750-1820 Romantic – 1820-1900 Modern – 1900-present
Musical Eras
Ancient BC – 500AD Highly developed Greeks, Romans Far East, Africa, Americas, Native Australia Modes came from ancient music No official written record so little is proven
about characteristics but we know it existed Composers unknown
Musical Eras
Medieval 500-1400 Most music occurred in churches, monasteries
– Sacred music First written records of music and notation Gregorian chant Almost all vocal, few instruments Single lines, monophony Gneumes Texts were mostly Latin Composers – Hildegard von Bingen, Leonin,
Perotin
Musical Eras
Renaissance 1400-1600 Repetition Court music Sacred and Secular music Instruments in small groups Polyphony Melody and accompaniment Composers – Palestrina, Josquin, William Byrd,
Thomas Tallis
Musical Eras
Baroque 1600-1750 Highly ornamented Repetition Larger groups of instruments (still small) Oratorios Cantatas Fugues Figured Bass and improvisation Concertos for solo instruments with
accompaniment Composers – J.S. Bach, Antonio Vivaldi
Musical Eras
Classical 1750-1820 More complicated harmonies More complicated forms First symphony – Haydn The beginning of orchestras as we know them
today Opera Composers – Mozart, Haydn
Musical Eras
Romantic 1820-1900 Large ensembles and orchestras Symphony form perfected and elongated Dramatic music in terms of volume and style Music that tells a story Complicated harmonies, forms, use of
chromaticism and dissonance Beethoven – 9 symphonies Tchaikovsky Wagner Brahms
Musical Eras
Modern 1900- present Complicated rhythms Atonal harmonies Mixed meters Folk music Nationalism Composers – Bernstein, Copland, Stravinsky,
Holst, Gershwin, Debussy
Enharmonics
Notes that sound the same but are spelled differently
Example – C# = Db Write down all the other enharmonics Half steps between white keys on the
keyboard Between E and F Between B and C
Instrument Keys
Concert Pitch or C – flute, oboe, bassoon, trombone, euphonium, tuba, percussion, piano
Bb – Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Tenor Sax, Trumpet
Eb – Alto Sax, Bari Sax F – English Horn, French Horn
Order of sharps
F, C, G, D, A, E B
Order of flats
Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb
Key Signatures
Sharps – look at the last sharp (the one furthest to the right) and go up one Example - 2 sharps F and C = key of D
Flats – look at the flat before the last flat Example – 3 flats Bb, Eb, and Ab = key of Eb
Triads
CEG GBD DFA ACE EGB BDF FAC
Triads/Chords
Major Triad – 1, 3, 5 Augmented – 1, 3, raised 5 Minor Triad - 1, lowered 3, 5 Diminished Triad – 1 , lowered 3, lowered
5
Melodies
Conjunct – smooth, movement by step Disjunct – skips and leaps, not smooth Major Minor
Minor Scales
Two types Relative – share key signature Parallel – share starting and ending notes
Three forms Natural – same as key signature Harmonic – raise the 7th note Melodic – raise the 6th and 7th ascending and
lower the 6th and 7th descending (natural form descending)
Musical Expression
Ascending notes crescendo Descending notes decrescendo Short to long Weak to strong Long notes must have shape Melody must always be heard Background parts must have shape
Syncopation
Rhythmic emphasis on the upbeat as opposed to the downbeat
Recapitulation
Re-statement of the main theme usually following a development section
Form
How music is organized Overture ABA – ternary AB – binary Sonata AABA