2012WWK-PPT-Water and Food Security in Asia‐Addressing a Growing Challenge by Thierry Facon

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‐

Addressing a Growing ChallengeThierry Facon

Senior Water Management Officer

FAO Regional Office

for Asia and the Pacific

28/08/2012



• “

Asia”

is

a

growing

challenge

and

we

know

why• Our petition: working on “water and food

security” has become inoperative

• A deliberate multi‐sectoral approach is nee e

• The policy brief that will be presented later

action on economic, food and water security

28/08/2012



The essence of the challenge:

managing transitions•

to green growth•From lanned to market‐driven economies

•From water abundance to water scarcity

•

management

•From informal to formal water economies

•Rural to urban population shifts

•

28/08/2012



•

Kedah and Muda river basins in Malaysia

• The #1 policy document and 3 red lines of

’

28/08/2012



Use in Sunga i Kedah and Sunga iUse in Sunga i Kedah and Sunga i MudaMudaRiver BasinRiver Basin

Develo ed b DID Mala sia, Mala sia Water

Partnership with local and national

stakeholders with the support of FAO

This illustrates where Southeast Asian

28/08/2012Case Study



The Kedah and Muda

River Basins

Kedah River Basin

•

•Nearly 3000 sq. km.

• 100 km length

• o ranary n

this basin

• Kedah and Penang States

• 4,200 sq. km.

• m engt

• MADA Granary not in this

basin but part of IADA


Pulau Pinang



The Kedah and Muda River

Basins are part of an

intensive Northern RegionWater Resources Network

• Water ResourcesDevelopment necessary to

– The Regional Climate has

distinct dry season• Involves primarily 3 States

(Perlis, Kedah, Penang)

• Su orts 2 Granaries – MADA & IADA Penang




WaterWater ManagementManagement&& Alloc ationAllocation

• Agriculture enjoyed

supply for 50 years – No

competition

• ow a er upp y ec or s

competing strongly

• Present trends are not

sustainable

• Water Management for

‐

becoming more complex:a) Stiffer Inter‐Sector competition

b The water s stem is inter‐connected &

28/08/2012Lessons Learnt

integral for basins beyond boundarie of

both basins & involves inter‐state

issues



Draft Investment Framework ResultsDraft Investment Framework Results

Ac c ording to PriorityAc c ording to Priority

No.* National Objectives

National Objec tives :

1 Achieving High Income Status

2 Food Security

us a na e a er esources anagemen

4 Green Mission

*In order of priority

gr cu ture ec tor ec t ves:

No. Agriculture Sector Objectives

" "

2 Minimum 70% Rice Self ‐Sufficiency Level

3 Sustainable A riculture Water Demand Mana ement

28/08/2012 SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE USE IN SG KEDAH & SG MUDASUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE USE IN SG KEDAH & SG MUDA

4 Green Technology in Agriculture



Draft Framework ResultsDraft Framework Results

Basin/ Loc al Strategies

Reg ional Objec tives

1. Competition

for

Water

(Equity)2. Increase Production

Objectives

1 MADA Granary to Sustain

3. Increase Water Efficiency

4.Commercialising

Paddy

Farming

Minimum 40% contribution to

National Production

2 IADA P. Pinan Granar to Sustain

6. Mitigate Flood Loss and

Damage

5% contribution to National

Production

7. Environmental Management

8. Water Quality

9.*In order of priority

usta n ua ty uant ty o

Water Resource

4 Estate Management for Paddy

28/08/2012SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE USE IN SG KEDAH & SG MUDASUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE USE IN SG KEDAH & SG MUDA

Basin/Local Strategies

5 Towards 10ton/ha yield



Lessons learned according to our

• Farmers respond for “economic” reasons; not “lack of water”.

• nter‐sector compet t on s a ast emerg ng ssue. e ater

Supply Sector is now in a “stronger” position than agriculture.

• Agriculture’s strength is its hisroical control of water resources

and the water distribution networks but this can be taken away.

• Supporting

legal

and

policy

instruments:• Irri ation Act – restricts controls conversion of irri ation lands.

• Granary Policy – Federal Government commitment to invest in irrigation.

• Rice Self ‐Sufficiency Level Policy – to produce at least 70% of rice needs.

• The “Aging Farmers

Exit

Plan” – recently restructured for the MADA Granary to

accelerate commercial farming to increase yields (10 tons/ha) and better

resources (water) management.

• The “National Water Resources Policy” – recently introduced to ensure equity

28/08/2012

and sustainability.



• Water no longer the pivotal point for scheduling farm activities.

• Now machinery services providers dominates the timing for farm

.

• Green Technology: Towards improved gravity system operations to

reduce pumping.

• rom s ng e purpose rr ga on es gn an use owar s e mu ‐

functional” use.• Other agriculture sectors (e.g. aquaculture) want in.

• Think of what is really happening to develop wise strategies.

₋ In the 1980s large scale abandonment of the small irrigation

sc emes ue o econom c vers ca on e o ru ess nves men s

in irrigation. This could have been foreseen.

₋ Farmers changed to direct seeding at their own initiative and this

requ re certa n management a ustments n es gns an

operations.

₋ The Granary Policy was the result of an in‐depth study of the

28/08/2012

irrigation schemes that were challenged by the economic change.



Key lessonsKey lessons

implications the spread and depth of all action plans: “Self Sufficienc Levels” “The Granaries” “Irri ation

Act”, “Water Resources Sustainability” are Federal

Level

States now want their own vision and strategies for

future economic development

‐

on the Granaries and water resources questions the

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KeyKey questions to address in future workquestions to address in future work

• Attaining “high‐income” for paddy production• Technolo and Innovations articularl with

respect to inter‐sector and within sector water

demand management• Allocation rules including under water stress

conditions

charges in the agriculture sector

28/08/2012



The #1 policy document and 3 red

’

• Since the initiation of reform and o enin u China

has made considerable achievements: – responded to water‐related natural disasters, –

– UN MDG on water and sanitation 6 years ahead of

time. – supported a high economic growth rate of nearly

10% per annum with a low water use growth of

– increased grain output by nearly 78% with the

same amount of water

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Achievements in water and food security

• Adopted strategic, policy, institutional and technical measures

• Share of irrigation water use declined from 81% to 65%.

• National irrigation area increased by 5.4 million ha,

• Food production capacity increased by 20 million tons

• m on peop e ga ne oo secur y.

• 1995‐ 2005: average unit irrigation water use reduced from

7,935 to 6,450 m3/ha and irrigation water use efficiency

improved by 10%.

• 1980‐ 2004, while national total water diversion increased by

, ‐

• To maintain national food security by 2020: increase national

food production by 200 million tons

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– increase irrigation area by 6.67 million ha – nationwide Water Saving Irrigation development



• In 2006 MWR developed different WSI

– new water resources allocated to domestic and

industrial users

– agriculture sector having to maintain food security

with current water allocation

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• Future outlook

– further industrialization, urbanization climate change

– increasingly acute problems of flood, logging, draught,

water shortage, water pollution and soil erosion

•

• Followed

by

central

conference

on

water

conservancy

• 2012: policy document on implementing the most stringent

water resources management system w t contro n cators

of the “Three Red Lines”

28/08/2012



What China has done ,

environmental objectives through a water lens and

understandin of water availabilit and use includin :

• This

guided

bulk

water

allocation,

sectoral policies,

productivity targets, and policy instruments and

investments in all productive sectors including irrigation

• Policy and other interventions in water and agriculture

e erm ne y:

– Overall economic, food and water security framework

– ke olic decisions on trade‐offs between economic

water productivity and other concerns, rural poverty

reduction, national food security, etc.

28/08/2012



Conclusion

• From water and food security to economic, food and water

securit

• A multi‐sectoral approach is required to make coherent,

feasible and effective decisions in ALL ASPECTS of agricultural

• But agricultural water management should have a very high

priority: agriculture has the power to destroy the other sectors• T e cr t ca mu t ‐sectora nexus re ate to manag ng

transitions:

Bridging the income gap for farmers:

Achievin a hi h‐income or middle‐income status

28/08/2012

for rice

and

other

grain/staple

producers

2012WWK-PPT-Water and Food Security in Asia‐Addressing a Growing Challenge by Thierry Facon

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