Issue #3 Volume #1 Class of 2015 Spring 2012

Our world is con-stantly changed by new innovations. How our world has looked as these inno-vations has drasti-cally changed over time. Check out in-side for more!

New Tech Academy @

Wayne

High School

9100 Winchester Road Fort Wayne, IN 46819

(260) 467-6500 (Phone) (260) 467-6493 (Fax) www.fwcs.k12.in.us

Volume 3, Issue 1

Spring 2012

Publishers

Melissa Cox & Riley Johnson

Contributing Writers

Students of Last Period World Studies Class

Trust,

Respect,

& Responsibility

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©

©

©

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Innovations Pg. 4-8: American Revolution

Pg. 9-13: Roller Coaster

Pg. 14-21: Television

Pg. 22-27: Gun Powder

Pg. 28-32: Computer

Pg. 33-38: Telephone

Pg. 39-42: Atom Bomb

Pg. 43-47: Jazz Music

Pg. 48-54: Automobile

Pg: 44-44: Ideas of Da Vinci

Pg. 55-60: Electricity

Pg. 61-65: Steam Engine

Pg. 66-71: Make-Up

Pg. 72-76: Genetic Farming

Pg. 77-82: Immunization

Pg. 83-85: Renaissance Art

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Dear Reader, Albert Einstein once said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” Some will argue that this statement is crazy, but the two together can be a powerful thing. Our World Studies class examined some of the most important innovations throughout his-tory to see what their impact on society was. In today’s ever-changing world, it is important that you provide literature that reaches beyond your culture. For this reason, we chose to create a bi-lingual magazine in English and Spanish. As historiographers, we chose to look at each innovation through THREE distinct views. In order to understand the impact, we had to see how societies view of the innovation has either changed or continued from the ORIGIN, into the PAST VIEW, and currently in the PRESENT VIEW. We hope that you can gain a better understanding of the exact impact that these powerful inno-vations have had and still continue to have on our very own global culture. Thank you and enjoy our magazine. World Studies Class New Tech @ Wayne HS Class of 2015

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The American Revolution didn’t start fast it took several years for the American Revolution to actually be a Revolution. At first the American Revolu-tion started with a bunch of new laws and taxes such as the tea act. When the king of England made all the taxes the Americans got mad because it was taxation without representation and that was what started the Boston tea party. After the Boston tea party happened the king of England sent more troops to America which made the colonists even madder so they had a riot which didn't end well, It ended with 3 people dead and 8 wounded. This riot was called the Boston massa-cre, it was what started the war for the colonists and what lead to the battles of Lexington and concord. The first battles of the American Revolution were Lexington and Concord. The first shots of the American Revolution were fired in the battle of Lexington. The Americans won both the battles of Lexington and concord. During the battle of Lexington it was the Minute men that won the battle. The Minute men were a militia that could be anywhere they were asked really fast so if they were ordered to go to the north and fight they would be there in a couple days. The British army were nicknamed the redcoats by the Americans because their uniform was red. The Americans also called them lobsters because of the red uniform.

George Washington fue el principal general en el ejército continental

The Battle of Bunker Hill was one of the largest battles in the war and many British died, but surprisingly the British won the battle. The colonists lost that battle because they had less supplies and people. One thing that an American of-ficer said during the battle was to not shoot until you see the whites of their eyes. Bunker hill was a large hill outside of Boston, the colonists fortified the top of it. The redcoats were trying to gain control of Boston and the colonists were trying to protect it. 405 is the colonist body count, and the total British body count is 1054.

The American Revolution was a very important war for America this war is what started the great nation of the United States. Imagine if the American Revo-lution never happened, if it never would have happened we would possibly still have slavery, there would be no United States. We would still be colonies ruled by England, or we would be taken over by some other nation like Spain or France. The French would have also never had their revolution because theirs was based on ours. So if the American revolution never happened a lot of things would be different now and most of them for the worst.

The American revolution was a very large and difficult war for us. It shaped the future of America. We Americans had large disadvantage in this war because the British had better equipment and more training, but we won because of our ability to never give up. I look at the American revolution as lesson be-cause despite the odds anything is possible if you believe, and our founding fa-thers did believe that all men are created equal.

1775 a revolución se con las batallas de Lexington y

Concord

1775 La batalla de Bunker Hill fue una batalla muy difícil para los colonos a pesar de que tenía la ventaja

1776

la declaración fue hecha para

declarar nuestra independencia

1777 el invierno en Valley Forge fue un invierno

muy frío y duro

1783 Al final de la revolución fue un día muy feliz para los colonos

If America was about freedom, then why did we have slavery, segregation, and women treated unequally? What is freedom in America then? Did you think living in Amer-ica was the way to have freedom? Well did you ever think that the American Revolution will be the start of all of that? Ever since the end of the war the society had change ma-jorly. If we look back in the past, the Ameri-can Revolution war was about freedom from Brit-tan. Finally the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1983 to end the difficult years of fighting this war. The American Revolution was a new outlook among its people for a long future ahead of them by starting a new government. Major problems during the time after the revolution were slavery and human rights.

Slavery was something that happened all over the world back in the days. Many Af-rican American slaves would try to escape for a better way of living. Many of these slaves worked on plantations or did household chores for their owners. You may be wonder-ing what does slavery and freedom have to do with the revolution war. It all started when the war was about freedom right? Then why did-n't they free slaves? Southern states only wanted slaves because they wanted to save money and make more money. Plantations will have much African American work for them with low or no pay at all.

Many Americans were lazy and only thought about themselves. Slaves were treated badly by getting whipped or even killed at times. Do you think that was fair? No, freedom in America was nothing for them. They didn't care about the government and what was going around them. They only care about getting free, free from torture, and free from fear. So tell me

what is freedom when you get tortured every day? What is freedom without equal rights? What is free-dom without knowing if you’re going to live or die tomorrow? Many of these African American joined the army during the revolu-tion war because they were granted for their freedom. Also a large amount of slaves join the British

Army because they granted that the slaves will be made legally free. After so numerous years of slavery, slavery finally ended.

Slavery might have ended but during the time women right was also an issue. Daughter of Liberty was a very helpful and successful group that helps women rights to be taken in action. Even though freedom was the main cause of the revolution war, equal rights was too. Abigail Adams, wife of John Adams, was the primary advocate of women's rights when she was the one who told her husband to "Remember the Ladies" when drawing up a new government. She helped various women by trying to get her husband to give equal rights. When the men went into the war, women became the household.

La libertad empazar con la revolucion.  

Human equality and rights raised questions about the legal and so-cial status of women. Women wanted equal rights as men because when their husbands were at war they was the household in the family. Later on the first women’s right convention was held in Seneca, New York in 1848. This con-vention led to more women’s right movements. In 1919 the 19th Amend-ment to the Constitution granted women the right to vote. The Women’s Right Movement can be tied to the Civil Right Movement because it was about getting the right to vote. Women's role in soci-ety was transformed by the American Revolution which made a great impact on the society today.

Por mucho años  lu

ego la mujeres con ca

paz a el voto.  

Works Cited "The American Revolution's Impact on Slavery and the Status of Women." BookRags. BookRags / Evan-Moor Publishing. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://

www.bookrags.com/essay-2005/9/26/2479/00664>. "Digital History." Digital History. Digital History, 2011. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=72>. Murphy Ph.D., Daniel P. "The Dream of Women's Rights." NetPlaces. NetPlaces. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.netplaces.com/american-revolution/war-and-

society/the-dream-of-womens-rights.htm>. Shmoop Editorial Team. "The American Revolution Summary & Analysis." Shmoop. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://

www.shmoop.com/american-revolution/summary.html>. Srivastava, Swapnil. "Summary of the American Revolution." Buzzle.com. Buzzle. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/summary-of-the-

american-revolution.html>. Ushistory. "12. Societal Impacts of the American Revolution." Societal Impacts of the American Revolution [ushistory.org]. U.S. History Online Textbook. Web.

21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/12.asp>.

The Revolution war was important because it was the start of the new country and a new economic system. It was an outlook among many people throughout history. The major problems during the time after the revolution were slavery and human rights. We can see that the theme brought forth during the Revolution has constantly changed our world. So can you say we have freedom now?

Ellos crean el Tratado de Paris en 1783 a para final la

1865 La dificil por mucho años es‐clavitud finally ended. Esclavitud ul‐timo por mucho años. .

1869 Esto era el inicio a mu‐jeres tener igual derecha. 

En1963 Martin Luther King Jr. di uno de su mas famosos habla “I Have a Dream”. El er siegue por muchos personas.

Em 1968 fue un por ul-timo la final a el Segre-gation.

“All men have equal rights to liberty, to their property, and to the protection of the laws”

Voltaire. From that quote (and the title) you might be able to assume what this article might be about; liberty, freedom, rights, etc. And you’d be right in that assumption. This article will explain the innovation of The American Revolution and what we were founded upon in the present. How it is viewed by the world and how it has affected the world we know today… from the controversial laws passed by our government, to the Gulf Wars, and even the revo-lutions taking place in Northern Africa and the Mid-dle East. This will explain what our own American Revolution and its ideals have to do with it all. You may know that many people now-a-days view the American ide-als (freedom of religion, speech, etc.) with a posi-tive view. But there are countries now-a-days (dictatorships, absolute monarchies, and many Muslim countries like Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, etc.) that want it to be just one religion, no freedom of speech, just they make all the rules. Now normally when there are people and countries like this we at first just sanction them, ban trade, etc. But in some cases, like the 1st and 2nd Gulf Wars, we invade the country, over throw the dictator and attempt to estab-lish a democracy or give them some kind of support. Of course many Americans do not have a positive view of us getting into other people’s business no matter what the heck they are doing. And we do have a history of doing that.

The

Korean, Vietnam, both Gulf Wars, and Af-ghanistan are all examples of where we have gone into another country because of the government or things going on over there. And we also usually try to establish some kind of democracy there. Though not all of them (most notably Vietnam) have had support from the American people. We do this because we believe it is everyone’s right to have a choice in their life and to be able to not live in fear. We believe it is our duty to uphold and spread democracy throughout the world. Which doesn’t mean

we go and conquer the world and force them to have a de-mocratic govern-ment. Like I said before, we only generally intervene if things are REALLY out of hand. And like I also said, even then the American peo-ple don’t always

support that, even if they are committing mass murder, or at least do not support get-ting our armed forces involved.

Now most people may know this but believe it or not many people actually do not “like” Americans themselves. But, they do agree on many of our ideals we were founded upon.

Americano soldado en patrullaen Irak

There have been many rebellions/ revolu-tion today from Middle Eastern countries be-cause they want more freedom. Many people want to take example of what America was founded on during the revolution. When Egypt over threw Mubarak and Libya, Quadaffi they said they wanted to base their new constitution off of Americas (now whether they have done a good job of that I don’t know).

Now, many people may not view America itself (or it’s "culture") with the same positive views but they do like our ideals. But as we all know, the world isn’t perfect… there are many people who criticize democracy and what we are founded upon. The main opposite of de-mocracy is Commu-nism and dictator-ships. Many Islamic countries want Islam to be the only religion and to have complete control over people’s lives. They have extremists in power and want to “Destroy the infidels in the name of Allah!!!”. That was the main reason we went to Afghani-stan… to overthrow the Taliban that were in control of the country. And as you can probably guess, that hasn’t exactly improved our relations with them. Now some of this may also go with the above section but it is also needed in this one.

Now in the past few decades we have stuck with the ideals we were founded upon, justice and liberty for all and all that, but re-cently there have been many controversial bills passed that many people think are against the constitution and what we were founded on. There have been laws people think go against their right to own a gun. One of the bigger ones has been when Obama passed the new healthcare law that forces American busi-nesses to give health care to their employees

and non- employed Ameri-cans to automatically be cov-ered. Now that may not seem

like a bad thing but I guess people just think it goes against their right to choose what they want in their life. Now the most recent bill that has caused to big-gest uproar was when Obama de-cided that with the

new health care bill, Catholic organizations would HAVE to cover contraceptives, birth control, and types of abortion. It’s not hard to guess that the Catholic Church wasn’t the least bit happy about this. Many people, in-cluding some democrats, believe that this just flat out goes against our Bill of Rights and the Constitution. So basically up in till now we have done great in upholding our ideals, with maybe a few unnecessary wars, along the way, but opinions on that vary greatly.

Like I have stated, we have mainly stuck with our ideals.

Manifestante demues-tran en muro calle.

But as we progress through the years we have started to fall away from them. A lot of times the government thinks one thing is the best thing for the people even though they can clearly see that the majority of the people downright disagree and don’t want what they are doing. Like with the health care bill, pretty much everyone was against that except for the people who created it. They went through with it even though the people of America clearly said they did not want it. If this continues in the future… well, then what exactly is the point of our type of government? What happens, when the leaders of our country don’t even listen to the people they are supposed to serve? What happens… when we throw out the very ideals that our country was founded upon?

Works Cited "12. Societal Impacts of the American Revolution." Societal Impacts of

the American Revolution [ushistory.org]. Idependence Hall Association. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/12.asp>. "Support Occupy Union Square, and Other Upcoming #OWS Events!" Oc-

cupy Wall Street. Occupy Wall Street, 17 Sept. 2011. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. <http://occupywallst.org/>.

"Top 10 Revolutions Felt Around the World." Listverse. Listverse, 4 Oct. 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://listverse.com/2010/10/04/top-10-revolutions-felt-around-the-world/>.

1990-1991

Los America-nos comien-zan a crea-runa democ-racia en Irak.

2009

pleado. Obama crea asistencia sani-taria proyecto de ley eso fuerza negocios a proveer salud seguro por su em-

September 17, 2011– Present

Manifestante empiezanpor ocupar muro calle a protesta en contra corrupción, económico desigualdad, y avaricia.

2011– Present

Egypt, Libya, y otros paises Afri-canos tienen mucho politico tras-torno, causando mucha gente a volverse rebelde.

2012– Present

Obama crea otro controvertido proyecto de ley.

What do you think of when you here, “Roller coaster?” Epic? Dangerous? Scary? Excit-ing? These are some of the words that most people think of when they here, “Roller coaster.” There are many roller coasters here to-day that are humongous. Many have death defying drops, and very steep hills. Did you ever wonder what the

Remember those slides at the park you go to every summer or so? You are probably think-ing what do slides have to do with roller coasters? Well those slides where the first roller coasters. Surprising is-n’t it. These slides were called The Russian Slides. The Russians built these slides for Catherine the Great. Catherine loved the idea of thrill rides. To make a long story short, she loved thrills. These slides

Los Rusos empiezan La primera

Montana ruso. Ellos crean la mon-

tana rusa para Catherine the

Great.

The Russian Slides (roller coasters) started to converge to other countries. Soon the French wanted to make their own roller

coaster. In 1817 the French built their own roller coaster. It was the first to have two tracks that were sepa-rated. The

two tracks formed a heart shaped coaster. Adorable right? After the successful heart shaped roller coaster, came the first looping rollercoaster. That’s right in 1846 the first looping roller coaster came to town. The French were also the ones who built this unique thrill ride. Although it was a looping roller coaster, it did not have many loops, it only had one.

Frances investi-gan para hacen el rizo montana rusa.

Francés investigan technologia y electrico para crear la primera corazon forma montana rusa.

Now that you know when the first roller coaster(s) were made , let’s look into when the first American roller coaster was made. The lucky date is...1872! Yes, 1872 is when the first American roller coaster was made. As a matter of fact, it was not really a roller coaster. It was more like a runaway train. This little runaway was called the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway. This little coaster is known as the forefather of today’s roller coaster.

Los Americanos comienzan El Mauch Chunk Switch. America’s primera montana rusa.

Ever since the first adaption of the coaster, our search for excitement has continued. The roller coaster went from Slippery slides all the way to heart stopping excitement. Who would have known that roller coasters went all the way back to the 1600”s.

Roller coasters are still growing today. They are getting bigger, and more epic each year. Roller coasters will continue to impact the way

we have fun forever!

El siglo 17 Los Rusos crean la primera montana rusa. El-los encuentran un emo-cionante atraccion. Los Rusos pueden hacen montana rusa. Las Montanas rusas es a forma arte. Las Montanas rusa grande invento.

En 1817 los Francés in-vestigan technologia y electrico para crear la primera corazon forma montana rusa. Los Frances descu-bren la primera cora-

zon forma montana rusa.

En 1817 los Rusos usan

technologia y ciencia a

crean montana rusa.

Unos tecnología es

difícil o facil.

Francés u

san ci

encia y

technologia para cr

ear la

primera el ri

zo m

ontana

rusa. L

os France

s inve

sti-

gan para hacen el ri

zo

montana rusa

.

Los Americanos

comienzan El

Hauto Tunnel en

Pennsylvania. Los

Americanos tienen

mucho exito.

WORK CITED: "Roller Coaster His-tory." Roller Coast-ers, Theme Parks, Thrill Rides. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.ultimaterollercoaster.com/coasters/history/>.

WooHoo! WEEEE!

It was as though the sun was only beating its smolder-It was as though the sun was only beating its smolder-ing beams of light on me, causing beads of sweat to slide ing beams of light on me, causing beads of sweat to slide down my blushed face. To you, it may not seem like I’m hav-down my blushed face. To you, it may not seem like I’m hav-ing much fun, but in reality I’m having a blast. It’s 103° and ing much fun, but in reality I’m having a blast. It’s 103° and there’s butterflies in my stomach, but not because of the heat, there’s butterflies in my stomach, but not because of the heat, but because my excitement level is overflowing. Why? Well but because my excitement level is overflowing. Why? Well why wouldn’t I be this excited? I’ve been waiting in line with why wouldn’t I be this excited? I’ve been waiting in line with my friends for what seems like days, and finally we’ve made my friends for what seems like days, and finally we’ve made it to the front. Where am I? Well haven’t you figured that out it to the front. Where am I? Well haven’t you figured that out yet? I’m sitting here now with my best friend, squeezing her yet? I’m sitting here now with my best friend, squeezing her hand with anticipation. We chose the front seats, and have hand with anticipation. We chose the front seats, and have already been locked in. The last seats are locked, and the already been locked in. The last seats are locked, and the floor lowers under our now dangling feet, there’s that split floor lowers under our now dangling feet, there’s that split second when you think when will we start to move, then second when you think when will we start to move, then zoom! I am at the famous Cedar Point of Sandusky, OH, zoom! I am at the famous Cedar Point of Sandusky, OH, aboard the oh so green roller coaster, The Raptor! Screams aboard the oh so green roller coaster, The Raptor! Screams fly and so do I, gripping the handle bars, my friend and I soar fly and so do I, gripping the handle bars, my friend and I soar up and down, this and that way. My favorite part, the wind in up and down, this and that way. My favorite part, the wind in my face pushing my checks back from the pressure. The my face pushing my checks back from the pressure. The worst part, the end. Everyday roller coasters impact the worst part, the end. Everyday roller coasters impact the world in a verity of ways. Whether it is the entertainment, world in a verity of ways. Whether it is the entertainment, competition, or future roller coaster side of the story, they all competition, or future roller coaster side of the story, they all impact the people of the world.impact the people of the world. In the 16th century the first roller coaster was built, In the 16th century the first roller coaster was built, but it was nothing like the roller coasters you and I ride to-but it was nothing like the roller coasters you and I ride to-day. The 16th century roller coaster was invented in Russia day. The 16th century roller coaster was invented in Russia and was actually long slides covered in ice, and even Cath-and was actually long slides covered in ice, and even Cath-erine the Great enjoyed the thrill. In later years the “roller erine the Great enjoyed the thrill. In later years the “roller coaster” was innovated to an incline railway formerly used to coaster” was innovated to an incline railway formerly used to transport coal which soon turned into a public attraction in transport coal which soon turned into a public attraction in Eastern Pennsylvania. Eastern Pennsylvania.

20022002-- El Superman Monta de El Superman Monta de Acero, de Europa primer Acero, de Europa primer

“sin suelo” montaña rusa de “sin suelo” montaña rusa de B&M era crea y abierto por B&M era crea y abierto por

Warner Bros. Mundo de Warner Bros. Mundo de Películas en Madrid, España.Películas en Madrid, España.

20032003-- El Top Thrill Dragster El Top Thrill Dragster abierto para Cedar Point en abierto para Cedar Point en Sandusky, OH. Por el inven-Sandusky, OH. Por el inven-tor Intamin, ellos crearon el tor Intamin, ellos crearon el más alto, más rápido mon-más alto, más rápido mon-taña rusa en el mundo con taña rusa en el mundo con

éxito. También demuestra el éxito. También demuestra el mundos mayor gota.mundos mayor gota.

In 1885 the 1st full circuit roller coaster, in-In 1885 the 1st full circuit roller coaster, in-vented by Philip Hinkle, was built at Coney vented by Philip Hinkle, was built at Coney Island called the “Gravity Pleasure Road”. Island called the “Gravity Pleasure Road”. From here, roller coasters only got bigger, From here, roller coasters only got bigger, faster, and scarier like the ones we ride today. faster, and scarier like the ones we ride today. Why do we crave the experience of roller Why do we crave the experience of roller coasters? Is it the competition between differ-coasters? Is it the competition between differ-ent parks that cause the biggest and the bad-ent parks that cause the biggest and the bad-dest of all roller coasters to be built? What dest of all roller coasters to be built? What will the future bring in the world of roller will the future bring in the world of roller coasters? Well, keep reading and you’ll find coasters? Well, keep reading and you’ll find out.out. Roller coasters have been the “must Roller coasters have been the “must ride” attraction at amusement and theme ride” attraction at amusement and theme parks for more than a century. With just one parks for more than a century. With just one glance it’s not hard to believe that the reason glance it’s not hard to believe that the reason of how they look is described by “scream ma-of how they look is described by “scream ma-chines”. What began as an ice covered slide chines”. What began as an ice covered slide made by Russians, has been innovated into a made by Russians, has been innovated into a one of a kind experience. But if they’re so big one of a kind experience. But if they’re so big and scary looking, then why do we crave the and scary looking, then why do we crave the experience to ride them? Well, according to experience to ride them? Well, according to research, the craving of thrills may be due to research, the craving of thrills may be due to those who thrive from the feeling of fear. Rid-those who thrive from the feeling of fear. Rid-ing roller coasters gives most people a deeply ing roller coasters gives most people a deeply satisfying feeling that the human body reads satisfying feeling that the human body reads only as pure torment. Torment? You mean only as pure torment. Torment? You mean when we climb into the seats of a roller when we climb into the seats of a roller coaster, we're not having fun, but torturing coaster, we're not having fun, but torturing ourselves with pure adrenaline? Cool! ourselves with pure adrenaline? Cool!

La Gente empieza gritar en el abierto de el La Gente empieza gritar en el abierto de el Top Thrill Dragster 2003.Top Thrill Dragster 2003.

By: Jillian Findlay Un Estremecimiento En El Futuro De Montañas RusasUn Estremecimiento En El Futuro De Montañas Rusas

20092009-- La Viaje (Holiday World, Indi-La Viaje (Holiday World, Indi-ana), concesiones la montaña rusa de ana), concesiones la montaña rusa de madera favorita de 2009. Esto dale la madera favorita de 2009. Esto dale la

monta una ventaja en montaña rusa de monta una ventaja en montaña rusa de este ano votación del Gravity Group.este ano votación del Gravity Group.

20102010-- En Six Flags Great Aventure, En Six Flags Great Aventure, Jackson, N.J. se encuentras el Kingda Jackson, N.J. se encuentras el Kingda Ka crea por Ingenieur Buro Stengel Ka crea por Ingenieur Buro Stengel

GmgH. El Kingda Ka es capaz de ele-GmgH. El Kingda Ka es capaz de ele-varse sobre sus rivales, teniendo una varse sobre sus rivales, teniendo una

facilidad vistazo aterradora de 456 pies, facilidad vistazo aterradora de 456 pies, por lo que es la montaña más alta y más por lo que es la montaña más alta y más

rápida rollar en la planetarápida rollar en la planeta.

This ride is not only the tallest but is This ride is not only the tallest but is also the fastest roller coaster on the also the fastest roller coaster on the planet. This 25 million dollar attraction planet. This 25 million dollar attraction only takes 3.5 seconds to ride, and is so only takes 3.5 seconds to ride, and is so tall it was struck by lightning in 2009. tall it was struck by lightning in 2009. As you may have guessed, competition As you may have guessed, competition is key. If your park includes one roller is key. If your park includes one roller coaster of only 200 feet, you won’t get coaster of only 200 feet, you won’t get much tourism. Now if your park in-much tourism. Now if your park in-cludes a ride like the Top Thrill Drag-cludes a ride like the Top Thrill Drag-ster or the Kingda Ka, people will be ster or the Kingda Ka, people will be come running back for more. If you come running back for more. If you look back, you may have noticed how look back, you may have noticed how drastic the changes have come from the drastic the changes have come from the very first roller coasters. Do you ever very first roller coasters. Do you ever wonder what the future is going to wonder what the future is going to bring in the world of roller coasters? bring in the world of roller coasters? Well here are some “soon to come” Well here are some “soon to come” roller coaster that you may want to roller coaster that you may want to soon checkout.soon checkout.

Did you know In order to build a Did you know In order to build a roller coaster the cost can be anywhere roller coaster the cost can be anywhere from 1.5 million dollars and up? They must from 1.5 million dollars and up? They must work hard and be sure that the roller work hard and be sure that the roller coaster is efficient, amazing and safe. Have coaster is efficient, amazing and safe. Have you ever wondered if it is the competition you ever wondered if it is the competition between different parks that cause the big-between different parks that cause the big-gest and the baddest of all roller coasters to gest and the baddest of all roller coasters to be built? Well it would make sense if that's be built? Well it would make sense if that's how the industry works. Better coasters how the industry works. Better coasters equals more tourism, more tourism equals equals more tourism, more tourism equals more money to make bigger coasters. The more money to make bigger coasters. The Top Thrill Dragster is the tallest roller Top Thrill Dragster is the tallest roller coaster at Sandusky, OH's Cedar Point. It coaster at Sandusky, OH's Cedar Point. It was opened May 4th, 2003 and cost $ was opened May 4th, 2003 and cost $ 25,000,000. On May 4th 2003 the atten-25,000,000. On May 4th 2003 the atten-dance at Cedar Point dance at Cedar Point was 60,000. This sta-was 60,000. This sta-tistic proves tourism is attracted the best. tistic proves tourism is attracted the best. Everyday Cedar Point is open, with people Everyday Cedar Point is open, with people still crowding the line for the thrilling Top still crowding the line for the thrilling Top Thrill Dragster. There is also the Kingda Thrill Dragster. There is also the Kingda Ka, of Six Flags, New Jersey, who has been Ka, of Six Flags, New Jersey, who has been the daddy of coasters since it was opened in the daddy of coasters since it was opened in

“¿Estás preparado para alcanzar el cielo?”. Su-“¿Estás preparado para alcanzar el cielo?”. Su-perman el Último Escape. Six Flags, México.perman el Último Escape. Six Flags, México.

“" Life can be like a roller coaster... And just when you think you've had enough, and you’re ready to get off the ride and take the calm, easy merry-go round... You change your mind, throw your hands in the air and ride the roller coaster all over again. That's exhilaration...that's living a bit on the edge...that's being ALIVE." -Stacey Charter

On May 26On May 26thth, 2012, a new ride at Sea World San Diego , 2012, a new ride at Sea World San Diego will open. This coaster is a one of a kind called the will open. This coaster is a one of a kind called the Manta. With only a 2 minute journey over a 2,800 Manta. With only a 2 minute journey over a 2,800 foot long track, this ride will include a 100,000 gal-foot long track, this ride will include a 100,000 gal-lon aquarium, a drop into a subterranean trench lon aquarium, a drop into a subterranean trench and a dip into a shallow lake. This coaster is com-and a dip into a shallow lake. This coaster is com-pletely packed with family aspects, including the ex-pletely packed with family aspects, including the ex-isting isting Forbidden Reef Forbidden Reef exhibit, with a ray pool includ-exhibit, with a ray pool includ-ing 65 bat rays, 10 guitar fish, and more than 400 ing 65 bat rays, 10 guitar fish, and more than 400 fish. fish. Get ready to take flight! Six Flags Get ready to take flight! Six Flags Great America is introducing a new roller Great America is introducing a new roller coaster for 2012 called the Xcoaster for 2012 called the X--Flight. XFlight. X--Flight is a groundFlight is a ground--breaking wind coaster breaking wind coaster featuring cuttingfeaturing cutting--edge technology. The Xedge technology. The X--Flight takes riders on a flight with no track Flight takes riders on a flight with no track above or below them, with riders will sit-above or below them, with riders will sit-ting in pairs, dangling on one or the other ting in pairs, dangling on one or the other side of the track. Six Flags Great America side of the track. Six Flags Great America has a long history of introducing legendary has a long history of introducing legendary rides and one of a kind roller coasters, and rides and one of a kind roller coasters, and the Xthe X--Flight will surely be one of them.Flight will surely be one of them. In the 16th century the first roller coaster was built, In the 16th century the first roller coaster was built, but it is nothing like the roller coasters you and I ride today. but it is nothing like the roller coasters you and I ride today. From here, roller coasters will only get bigger, faster, and From here, roller coasters will only get bigger, faster, and scarier in the future. We crave the experience of scarier in the future. We crave the experience of roller coasters because it gives most people a deeply roller coasters because it gives most people a deeply satisfying feeling that the human body reads only as satisfying feeling that the human body reads only as pure torment. Competitions between different parks pure torment. Competitions between different parks cause the biggest and the baddest of all roller coast-cause the biggest and the baddest of all roller coast-ers to be built, and future roller coasters WILL be ers to be built, and future roller coasters WILL be huge. The impact of roller coasters even impact huge. The impact of roller coasters even impact multiple cultural groups. This includes an amuse-multiple cultural groups. This includes an amuse-ment park “Gold Reef City” in Johannesburg, S. ment park “Gold Reef City” in Johannesburg, S. Africa that includes five roller coasters, and an Uni-Africa that includes five roller coasters, and an Uni-versal Studios in Singapore, China. So as you can see versal Studios in Singapore, China. So as you can see Roller Coasters have made a big impact on human Roller Coasters have made a big impact on human lives, making us crave the experience and enjoy the lives, making us crave the experience and enjoy the outing. Thanks for reading, and go ride a “Scream outing. Thanks for reading, and go ride a “Scream Machine”.Machine”.  

20122012-- El primer multiEl primer multi--medios doble de Sea-medios doble de Sea-World en lanza montaña, El Manta empieza su World en lanza montaña, El Manta empieza su viaje por sus pistas de 26 de mayo 2012, crea por viaje por sus pistas de 26 de mayo 2012, crea por B&M. En esta nuevaB&M. En esta nueva monta pronto descubrirá el monta pronto descubrirá el arte y la ciencia de rayos del mar, y la tecnología arte y la ciencia de rayos del mar, y la tecnología en una forma totalmente nueva.en una forma totalmente nueva.

La Manta es una prevista montaña rusa que abre La Manta es una prevista montaña rusa que abre en SeaWorld San Diego, 26th de Mayo, 2012.en SeaWorld San Diego, 26th de Mayo, 2012.

Works Cited Works Cited Fabricuis, Karl. "10 Highest Roller Coasters on Earth | Entertainment Designer." Fabricuis, Karl. "10 Highest Roller Coasters on Earth | Entertainment Designer." Entertainment DesignerEntertainment Designer. .

Entertainment Designer, Sept.Entertainment Designer, Sept.--Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://entertainmentdesigner.com/Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://entertainmentdesigner.com/news/themenews/theme--parkpark--designdesign--news/10news/10--highesthighest--rollerroller--coasterscoasters--onon--earth/>. earth/>.

Sandy, Adam. "Early Years in America | Roller Coaster History." Sandy, Adam. "Early Years in America | Roller Coaster History." Roller Coasters, Theme Parks, Thrill Roller Coasters, Theme Parks, Thrill RidesRides. Roller Coaster History, 1996. Roller Coaster History, 1996--2006. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://2006. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.ultimaterollercoaster.com/coasters/history/start/america.shtml>. www.ultimaterollercoaster.com/coasters/history/start/america.shtml>.

Urbanowicz, Steven J. Urbanowicz, Steven J. The Roller Coaster Lover's Companion: A Thrill Seeker's Guide to the World's Best The Roller Coaster Lover's Companion: A Thrill Seeker's Guide to the World's Best CoastersCoasters. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Pub. Group, 1997. Print.. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Pub. Group, 1997. Print.

La estrella atracciónLa estrella atracción del parque temático del parque temático dede primerprimer Español, Dragón Khan de PortAventu-Español, Dragón Khan de PortAventu-

ra, España.ra, España.

Have you ever wonder where, who, why and when they invented the television? I wonder because without the television you wouldn’t have the news to watch in the morning or have SpongeBob to watch when you come home after school. Without television there would be no other way to know if school was delayed or canceled. Television is very important because it gives useful and im-portant information. Let me answer all these questions you may be wondering about. Where was the television invented? The first television was invented in Scotland. TV was first shown to the public in 1982. That was a long time ago! The first TV sets were in Britain, they had a circular screen only 4 inches in diameter. In the beginning only im-ages broadcast on TV, the sound had to be sent separately by via radio. But soon that prob-lem was fixed, thank good-ness! In the year 1982 there was a huge develop-ment in television technol-ogy, regular broadcast

were introduce to the news, weather, sports, cookery, and gardening tips. Also the first TV play was broad-cast that year in the USA. The King’s Messenger was also the first live outside broadcast. How cool! I never knew these things! Who invented the television?

Well let me answer this wonderful question because I am wondering too. There are many other people who made the television, so like the person who made the first television is the not the same guy who made the flat screen we all want to-day. Anyways the one per-

son who invented the televi-sion is Dr. John Logie Baird. He is a British electronics

engineer. He is the person you should thank for letting you watch your favor-ite shows. His first prototype model was first demonstrated in 1926, to an assem-bled gathering from the Royal Society. Then the year after that he developed color TV transmission and reception.

This guy must have been smart to do that because I would have had not known how to.

El es el Senor que envento el primero television en 1928. Se llama Dr. John Logie Baird.

Why would they in-

vent the television? I wonder

how they got the idea that this

was going to work and how

did they get the idea? The tele-

vision was invented to enter-

tain people and educate peo-

ple. Like Animal Planet, Dis-

covery, Discovery kids, His-

tory Channel, and National

Geographic Channel. These

channels are good to sit down

with the family and learn cool

and interesting facts.

Este es el primero television.

Last but not least when did they invent the television? The televi-sion was invented in 1928. It’s kind of hard to find all this informa-tion because many people claim to have invented the television. So no one really knows for sure who invented the television. Look up on Google who invented the television and you would get many dif-ferent answers. This is one of those things that many don’t know who did. Also many people did things to make the television better. I tried my hardest to find some right answers.

We use TV for everything. TV came from the creation of screens. Without screens, we wouldn’t have phones or com-puters as well as TVs. We can’t give all the credit for creating the televi-sion to one person though. Many men contributed ideas to the creating

and critiquing of the television.

In 1884, a German man named Paul Gottlieb Nipkow in-vented the Nipkow disk. The Nip-kow disk was the earliest version of a “television.” The Nipkow disk is a rotating disk with a se-ries of holes drilled in it. As the disk spins, light shines through the holes and projects a moving picture on a lens. The resolution of the Nipkow disk wasn’t great, consisting of 6 lines, but in the 1900s was top grade technology. As time went on, the Nipkow

13 years later, German physicist Karl Braun creates the cathode ray tube (CRT). The cath-ode ray tube is a vacuum tube that contains an electron gun. The electron gun shoots an electron beam at the screen to create an image. The screen is made of a thick lead glass, made to be shat-ter resistant, and block x-ray emissions from the electron gun. The cathode ray tube was a huge leap in the television revolution.

In 1923 a man named Charles Jenkins invents the radiovision. The radiovision was another improvement of the Nipkow disk. The radiovision was claimed to have trans-mitted the earliest moving images on June 14, 1923. Charles demonstrated the first broad-cast in Washington in 1925. This changed how people in America lived. Many bought televisions and new era had begun.

The greatest crea-tion was the kinescope, which was created by Rus-sian-American inventor, Vladimir Zworykin. The kinescope was simply an improvement of the cathode ray tube. It was much needed for the television to work well. Zworykin was one of the first people to demonstrate a television system that includes the fea-tures of current picture tubes. Zworykin is a large part of the creation of the TV. Without him, the way we watch television today could be very different.

Credit for creating the TV cannot be given to one person. No one takes more credit than anyone else. All of these ideas were important to develop the TV as we know it today. With-out any one of these, life could be much different than it is now. TV has brought more families to-gether than anything in American history.

El kinescope es un invencion por Vladimir Zworykin.

Charles Jenkins and his Radiovision

1884: Paul Nipkow creates the Nipkow disk

1897: Karl Braun invents Cathode Ray Tube

1920: John Baird improves Nipkow Disk

1923: Radiovision created by Charles Jenkins

1929: Kinescope invented by Vladimir Zworykin

El Nipkow disk es un innovacion.

Works Cited inventors.about.com/od/tstarinventions/a/Television.htm www.thehistoryoftelevision.com en.wikipedia.org/wiki/television

Did you know that over 4.5 billion people watched the last World Cup soccer match? If you didn’t, I was pretty aston-ished myself. But what if televisions weren’t invented in the first place? Things would be tremendously altered. But, we do have them now and that has a sort of positive and negative effect on society today. There are also billions of people who own television sets today. TV’s innovation had a big effect on society. They have improved in so many ways, and societies’ view of the innovation is pretty pre-cise. Ever since TV sets have been introduced, kids & teen-agers have been watching more of it. But, they also have a positive effect when it comes to adults. In this present day life, children have been choos-ing television over a book or school work. The “KidsHealth” from Nemours stated that two-thirds of in-fants and toddlers watch a screen an average of two hours a day. Meanwhile, children under the age of six watch an average of about two hours a day of TV, videos, or DVD’s a day also. Correspondingly, kids and teens from ages eight to eighteen years of age sit I front of a TV screen for about four hours a day and then an additional two hours on the computer, which doesn’t include school work. Children are less likely to consider reading or doing an outgoing activity because of the setting of television.

Besides the negative effects television has on children and people, there have been huge enhancements. When televisions were first invented, they had mechanical scanning instead of electronic scanning. The pic-ture was also very poor. Past televisions had black and white picture and it took a while to come up with screens with color. Today, people have LCD and plasma screen televisions. Flat screen televisions are also common in this present day. Television has also been included in other technological devices such as cell phones and iPods. It has also been embodied in Xbox 360’s and Play Station 3’s. It’s almost like television sets are improved every year or so and it’s pretty amazing! Nevertheless, television has affected society and how they think of the innovation. First of all, the way televisions are now made has made people more satisfied. For instance, when the Super Bowl would come on, men especially would be happy about the way forty inch flat screen LCD screen TV’s showed the picture. Secondly, in-stead of putting a huge television on some type of stand, they can be mounted up on walls. Women also enjoy the way the screens are now because they can enjoy their Soap Opera shows in color and not black and white. Some elderly people like to have these new improved televi-sion sets but some do not really think of it. I’ve heard some say, “These young kids don’t know quality these days.” All you can do is laugh because it is so funny how they say it. Many people have different out-looks on the innovation. Television has been having an effect on the world for hun-dreds of years. Some people have a positive outlook on it and some have a negative one. Back in the day, television sets were in a very poor manner. But, in these present days, they have been boosted in a major way. We have flat screens, LCD/LED TV’s, plasmas, and 3D. The world would not have been the same today if it weren’t for the innovation of the television. Thank you to the person who invented television!

La ciencia fue dificil espalda en-tonces experimentar y hay fue algunos la desventaja con el invencion.

La television ahora tener digital pantallas demonstar y son hecho por el inventor.

En 1964, Slottow y Bitzer empienza en pantalla plana. Plasma y HDTV pener mucho de el exito en 2006.

Did you know that over 4.5 billion people watched the last World Cup soccer match? If you didn’t, I was pretty aston-ished myself. But what if televisions weren’t invented in the first place? Things would be tremendously altered. But, we do have them now and that has a sort of positive and nega-tive effect on society today. There are also billions of people who own television sets today. TV’s innovation had a big effect on society. They have improved in so many ways, and societies’ view of the innovation is pretty precise. Ever since TV sets have been introduced, kids & teenagers have been watching more of it. But, they also have a positive ef-fect when it comes to adults. In this present day life, children have been choosing television over a book or school work. The “KidsHealth” from Nemours stated that two-thirds of infants and toddlers watch a screen an average of two hours a day. Meanwhile, children under the age of six watch an average of about two hours a day of TV, videos, or DVD’s a day also. Corre-spondingly, kids and teens from ages eight to eighteen years of age sit I front of a TV screen for about four hours a day and then an additional two hours on the computer, which doesn’t include school work. Children are less likely to con-sider reading or doing an outgoing activity because of the setting of television.

Besides the negative effects television has on chil-dren and people, there have been huge enhance-ments. When televisions were first invented, they had mechanical scanning instead of electronic scanning. The picture was also very poor. Past televisions had black and white picture and it took a while to come up with screens with color. Today, people have LCD and plasma screen televisions. Flat screen televisions are also common in this present day. Television has also been included in other technological devices such as cell phones and iPods. It has also been embodied in Xbox 360’s and Play Station 3’s. It’s almost like televi-sion sets are improved every year or so and it’s pretty amazing! Nevertheless, television has affected soci-ety and how they think of the innovation. First of all, the way televisions are now made has made people more satisfied. For instance, when the Su-per Bowl would come on, men especially would be happy about the way forty inch flat screen LCD screen TV’s showed the picture. Secondly, instead of putting a huge television on some type of stand, they can be mounted up on walls. Women also enjoy the way the screens are now because they can enjoy their Soap Opera shows in color and not black and white. Some elderly people like to have these new improved television sets but some do not really think of it. I’ve heard some say, “These young kids don’t know quality these days.” All you can do is laugh because it is so funny how they say it. Many people have different outlooks on the innovation. Television has been having an effect on the world for hundreds of years. Some people have a positive outlook on it and some have a negative one. Back in the day, television sets were in a very poor manner. But, in these present days, they have been boosted in a major way. We have flat screens, LCD/LED TV’s, plasmas, and 3D. The world would not have been the same today if it weren’t for the innovation of the television. Thank you to the person who invented television!

La ciencia fue dificil espalda en-tonces experimentar y hay fue algunos la desventaja con el in-vencion.

La television ahora tener digital pantal-las demonstar y son hecho por el in-ventor.

En 1964, Slottow y Bitzer empienza en pantalla plana. Plasma y HDTV pener mucho de el exito en 2006.

2008 : LED/LCD pantalla la fun-cion facil.

2010 : 3D tele-vision craer la tecnologia en hombre.

2011 : La televi-sion es todo tenia ventaja de exito.

2012 : OLED tele-visions empezar y fue un el exito. El digital pantalla fue tambien un el exito.

“Television History." About.com Inventors. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Television.htm>.

Do you ever think of all the wars we fight and all the weapons we use? Well most of those weapons are based around gunpowder. The origin of gunpowder starts way back in China in the 9th century. The First weapon to include gunpowder was a fire lance. And now we kind of abuse it. Gunpowder was not called gunpowder until just recently; it was called black powder because back in the 9th century there were no guns. No one really knows who invented black powder but it was invented in china. The things you mix together to make black powder are charcoal, sulfur, and saltpe-ter. The Chinese never intended to use black powder for war but if they never invented it we would still be fighting with swords. The weapons that where crated as a result of black powder where things like the fire lance, bombs, fireworks, bullets, hand-held bobs, cannons, and even the earliest hand-held firearms. Once the Chinese fig-ured out the power of black powder they started thinking of ways to use it to defend themselves from the Mongols. The Chinese could not keep this a se-cret and in the 13th century the Arabs gained knowl-edge of black powder, and now the whole world knows about it and we are innovating on the original Chinese invention of black powder.

The ways we use gunpowder today is mostly in guns that our military and other militaries around the world use. Gunpowder todays is still used in fireworks just like it was in the olden times in china except now it is a little more safe. Still we have ways to make gun-powder better. Before World War 1 they had a huge breakthrough with gunpowder and they made it smokeless. The smoke in the powder when you shot it made a huge smoke cloud and it made you not be able to shoot your target and it gave away your position. Since then there have not been many innovations to gunpowder but it’s still what fuels our army’s. So in this time you have been reading I have told you all about gunpowder and where it came from. Who knows maybe someday we will use something else and gunpowder will become obsolete. Just re-member that black powder was made in china and that it revolutionized the way wars are fought today.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9th Century Black powder was invented

1040-1044 Wu Ching Tsung Yao" (Complete Essentials from the Military Classics), written by Tseng Kung-Liang between 1040–1044

1132 The first fire-lance was

used in battle

1240-1280 The Arabs gain knowledge

of black poeder

12th century The first fireworks are made to scare

away enemies

Este es un fire-lance

The History of Gunpowder By: Reed Hargrove

An Intro to Gunpowder Gunpowder changed the world forever. Since its invention in 9th China to modern day fireworks, gun-powder has changed many things in this world. Gunpowder let the Chinese ward off evil spirits and sends massages too far off people though the use of fireworks. The Chinese traded gunpowder with many other societies such as the Arab, Indian, and the Mongols. Eventually Gunpowder made its way to Europe where the Mongols used it in the form of rockets against European forces at the Battle of Mohi in 1241.

Gunpowder in Europe After gaining the knowledge of gunpowder from trading with the Chinese they set to work perfecting it for all uses. They raised the level of nitrate in the gunpowder formulas form 12% to 91%, making it as ex-positive as possible. The Europeans also made the first gun, changing the way wars were fought forever. Guns and gunpowder were first used in battles between the French and the Germans in 1331.

Early Modern History In the 16th century, Indians were supplying most of the guns for the world. Large guns made of bronze were found in cities like Calicut and Dui. The city of Gujarāt supplied most of the world with saltpeter for making gunpowder. While India was making guns Europe was designing guns and other ways for use gunpowder. Gunpowder became so important that two schools were dedicated to its research. One in Italy that focused on making elaborate fireworks and one in Nürnberg, Germany focusing on scientific advance-ments.

Gunpowder’s Greatest Achievements. While gunpowder was being used for almost 1000 years before it began to be replaced. But before it began to be replaced it did many great things. Gunpowder was used for many things other than guns such as building canals and mining..

The End of Gunpowder Gunpowder was going strong until people realized that it has it limits. Because of this more powerful explosives were made such as nitroglycerin, nitrocellulose and smokeless powders. Gunpowder is only used in fireworks today.

La pólvora fue crea en China

12th Century Fuegos artificia-les empiezar la guerra

1255 Pólvora sieguir el camino de la seda

1364 El arma fue creada

La pistola de edad inventa hecho en Europa

14 Century Los chinos experi-mentaron con las explosiones.

Late 19th Century Las cosas nuevas comenzaron a reem-plazar a la pólvora

Works Cited Helmenstine, Anne M. "Gunpowder Facts And History."

About.com Chemistry. About.com, 14 Feb. 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://chemistry.about.com/od/historyofchemistry/a/gunpowder.htm>.

Bells, Mary. "Gunpowder History." About.com Inventors. About.com, 28 May 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/od/chineseinventors/a/gunpowder.htm>.

Frantz, Richard D. "History of Black Powder." Redcoats Boston Reenactment. Footguards.com, 12 May 2011. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://footguards.tripod.com/06ARTICLES/ART28_blackpowder.htm>.

Hackman, Adam. "General History of Civil War Guns." Writer's Guide to Guns: History of Gunpowder. Writer's Guide, 17 Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.hackman-adams.com/guns/aboutgunpder.htm>.

“Blalalalalalalalala,” That was the noise of a gun being held by a little kid shooting his parents in Africa. Gunpowder can be seen on both sides of the spectrum. On one side of the spectrum Joseph Kony kidnaps kids and make them shoot their parents with bullets (invisiblechildreninc) , and on the other side our marine core and army use gunpowder in their weapons to protect and help the US stay strong! People getting shot and killed on the street, marines dying, terrorist threats, and many other things have led to the diffusion of this innovation. Gun-powder is very impor-tant in our world it helps celebrate Inde-pendence day, keep us safe, and the use of bullets. (http://thenewamerican.com/usnews/crime/10971-guns-used-in-self-defense)

Gun powder is used in bullets, which are very harmful if they get in the wrong hands. Many people use them to protect themselves on the street. Also people who are in gangs use them to do things of that nature. In my eyes, too many people contain this component when they shouldn’t.

Another reason this innovation has diffused is be-cause of fireworks. America is the number 1 best seller of fire-works according to many cites on the internet. In every fire-work there is about five grams of gunpowder in it, so imagine how buying fireworks diffuses gunpowder. There are also many pyromaniacs in the US so you know there are going to be com-petitions. There is no exact total to how much we spent, but we imported $201 million in fireworks last year from china! (http://inventors.about.com/od/militaryhistoryinventions/a/firearms_2.htm)

Once again, gunpowder is a very popular thing in Fort Wayne. From this article you can take away that gunpowder can be good but it can also be bad. Sometimes, it is very good and can

entertain, but sometimes it can be horrible and devastating. My advice is to not let it get into the wrong hands be careful with this component and always if you’re a pyro-maniac be the best you

(Gente uso pistola polvo por.)

(Pistola polvo es uso por fuegos artificiales.)

2011

Los fuegos artificiales son mucho artistico.

2011

Los fuegos artificiales son dificil acrear, asi tu tiene ser talentoso.

1892

El automatico revuelve crea por Joseph Laumann.

1850

El escopeta da el poder potencia y dar la ventaja

sobre sus rival.

1903

Unas automatico tiro era inventa. http://inventors.about.com/od/militaryhistoryinventions/a/firearms_2.htm

Hey do you remember floppy disc or the first computer? If so, you know what this will be, if not ask one of your elders what it is. This whole article is about the storage devices that was invented and used for. Those some people will not like to read this and there are some who want to know the history of the storage devices. Let us begin our tour in the history of the storage devices and what they had to overcome. Some problem people had to do was the storage and transportation to get data from one place to another. It was hard to get information from one place to another without bring-ing your computer and monitor with you to show your work. When the floppy disc came around people started to use it to store data they used to show what work they did. Thought it was small storage data you would had to use multiple in order to get your ideas to some peo-ple. Even though the floppy disc help move information from one place to another you still need multiple to keep your work on. So that brings me to invention 2 in our count down. The cd came around it help store lot more data from the KB to MB or 1000 time bigger. The only problems with the cd it they could break or get stolen. The same thing with the floppy disc it that you still need multiple to get your work around more. Thought the cd came out and hold more data you could not change what was on it or removed it once it was on. You also had to have multiple to keep your work on and have copy of it just in case you broke it. So that brings us to invention 3 in our count down the flash drive. Flash drive where much harder to break than cd or floppy disc and was made so you could edit and remove it if you do not need it. Thought it was harder and had more advents tech than cd or floppy it was small and was easy to lose. The last on that was used to store data was the SD card a small data device that hold as much or more than the flash drive. It had the same tech as the flash drive but yet smaller. Thought it could hold lots of data it was small and easy to lose just like a coin. So those are the storage devices that were used from the past to today. Now a day we have devices that hold up to 32GB and can move from place to place without moving your computer or laptop from its location. Thought they are small we use the internet to store our work on too. It is just the advents of our tech that we have, I hope you like this article.

El primero se hizo floppydisc.

El primrer CD se.

La unidad flash primero hizo.

La primear tarjeta SD hecho.

Remember when computers used to be all big and bulky? Moving like 10 miles per hour? Well I do, they used to drive me nuts, and especially with the patience I have, no time for the sluggish things! I’m one of those thankful people who really appreci-ate that person who made a change in computers. Stepping up the speed, service and just the way they work overall. Computer technology has changed drastically over the last ten years. People all over the world count on computers for many uses, every-where you go there’s a computer. Everywhere you go there’s someone using pc energy, from laptops to iPhones, from business uses to social networks!

The famous pc first invented by Charles Babbage in 1822, known as the Difference engine. It was considered to be the first automatic computing engine. By the lack of funds Babbage had no way to finish his latest brainstorm. Some years later In June of 1991, the London Science Museum completed the Difference Engine No 2, adding more details and many new technological ways. As years came about

the used to be not so popular computing system grew bigger and bigger. Many scientists and creators started wanting more, wanting to incorporate more and more ideas to make this invention something it was never intended on being!

Though computers today are very different from the way computers worked in my early life, I can still say whether it’s now or then it still left an impact on me and others familiar with the comput-ing systems of any kind. I never used to think twice about computers and what they are actually capable of. To me it has always just been a form of technol-ogy with answers to everything you could ever won-der about. From type writers to mac books, from fat desktops to laptops there has always been some type of computer technology. My pc comes in handy for anything, I have a question and my pc always has an answer! You need research? My pc knows it all! Anywhere, anytime, any date, my pc can tell you!

My PC came up!

Charles Babbage y el primero invencion de el tecnologia.

El crear de cumputadora tec-nologia hoy tener been el exito. This Dell is new released laptop used by people all around the world.

For the past 50 years there has always been a

new “latest invention” of computers. Things changed, things added, new apps and much more. The significance of the computer has yet to lessen. In time before never was it possible to do on a com-puter what you are able to do today. The computer started off of being nothing but a number generator, now it’s a calculator, a camera, a type writer, a movie maker, a question answerer, etc. It was “The difference Engine No. 1 and 2” Now it’s Microsoft, Mac, Hp, Dell, Linux and many more. My point is, computer technology has changed and grew in many ways over the years. Theres been negative out-comes, and there’s been positives. Computers still have yet to be a disappointment to people anywhere in the world.

Computers back then, computers now my pc

is a champ! Over all the years’ new things added and even taken away from computers they are still a big part of technology around the world. Without computers we wouldn’t have a lot of things nor be able to do a lot of things we do within technology. When I was younger I remember having a big fat desktop computer that moved really slowly. Now, I have a high speed dell laptop and along with my cel-lular device it is my pride and joy! From 2000 to 2012 a lot of things have changed within computers and I am glad to say every day I get to experience the new change, my pc came up!

1983— Compaq es la invencion, y es el exito!

1976—

Steve Jobs el inventora de el

primero Apple cumputadora.

1975— El primero portatil cumputa-dora es descubrir.

1822— Charles Babbage encontrar

el primero cumputadora de

el tecnologia.

1985— Micheal Dell usado el la ven-

taja to crear el Dell cumpu-

tadora.

http://inventors.about.com/ http://www.computerhope.com/ http://allaboutstevejobs.com/

Analycia Perez

Computers have come a long way since they were in-

vented. We have come a long way from using type-

writers to floppy disks to now using products such as

“Macbook” or “Chromebook.” (does anyone remem-

ber floppy disks? Points to the ones that do..) At first

we used to have the big computers that filled up the

whole room, now we have the laptops or smaller desk-

top computers. We used to have the big floppy disk,

that couldn’t hold much to now

we have and use flash drives

every day, that holds 8 gigs.

Back then we had 4KB of RAM

that cost about $2950, to now

getting 4gigs of RAM for about

$99.00. Computers have

changed dramatically over the past ten years. Remem-

ber when we had those big bulky computers with the

dial-up connection? I don’t either; it’s a big blur to me

also. The whole came of computers have changed, we

aren’t using big, bulky things anymore. It’s all about

thin, fast computers now. But before the computer,

there was a device called the typewriter. Computers

have advanced in technology in the scale of abilities

they are capable of, in the size of memory storage, and

the effectives of the machine as a whole.

Back before Microsoft and apple, there was a thing

called the typewriter. The typewriter came out in late

1873 and was called the “Sholes and Golden Type-

writer”. It was made to make things easier to write, as

you typed and it wrote on paper as you wrote. Some

could say, it was the first printer

also. The typewriter wasn’t a big

thing back then, but it introduced

the QWERTY keyboard. That’s

where the basic keyboard came

from. That’s a little background

about the computer, but there is

more – keep reading.

. The whole modern revolution started when Apple

came into the picture back in 1976 with the Apple 1.

Apple wasn’t a big company then, Steve Jobs working

in his parents’ garage. In late 1976, the first Apple

product was made. The first product was a basic cir-

cuit board, which lacked a lot of things that you would

By Luis Enrique Arriaga

Computers impacted Hispanics in many major ways. Computers have helped us Hispanics in the US com-municate with family, which we are all close to. For example, I was with my godfather the other day, and we installed Magic Jack on his com-puter. He hasn’t been able to talk with his family for a while, innova-tions like that have made it possible.

most computers today. There are multiple computer

languages that have been invented. Some program-

ming languages are BASIC, Pascal, JavaScript (One

of the most common), and C (The most common, they

are used in Microsoft computers currently.)

Those are just the origins of Microsoft and Apple.

They have a major past and at this moment, Windows

8 and (A rumored) Apple iTV are going to come out.

Who knows where we will be without the past of com-

puters. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates aren’t the only key

players involved here. You got to think about the pro-

grammers and people from the past who invented the

parts of computers. Maybe you can be a key player in

our future.

1968 ARPANET se creo

1874-1876 El primer tipiador se creo.

1975 ALTAIR BASIC Se creo.

1976 El Apple 1 se creo.

1993 Accesso public al internet se creo.

——–——> El Apple 1

Apple iTV Works Cited

Newman, Jared. "Windows 8: What You Need to Know." PCWorld. PCWorld, 13 June 2011. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.pcworld.com/article/229285/windows_8_what_you_need_to_know.html>.

Portnoy, Sean. "Latest Apple ITV Rumors: Siri and Motion Controls Built In, Best Buy Polls Consumers on Price." Technology News, Analysis, Comments and Product Reviews for IT Profes-sionals. ZDNet. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.zdnet.com/blog/home-theater/latest-apple-itv-rumors-siri-and-motion-controls-built-in-best-buy-polls-consumers-on-price/5625>.

Rehr, Darryl. "The First Typewriter." The First Typewriter. Earthlink. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/firsttw.html>.

Sanford, Glen. "Apple History: The Beginning." Apple-history.com /. Apple History. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://apple-history.com/h1>.

Modern Computers Around 76% of all Americans in the US own a com-puter. Those old computers that you wanted to throw out the window have been made obsolete. Now people have computers for gam-ing, medical technology or work at home. Every dentist has a computer, every office has a computer. Com-puters have been made easily port-able, anywhere from a laptop to an iPhone where you can download apps and play Angry Birds or text a friend. People across the world use com-puters for social networking like Facebook, Twitter and Tumblr. If you don’t own a computer, you can always gain access to one in a public library, a friend’s house or a neighbor. Modern day computers are generally classified into Macintosh, Microsoft and Linux. Modern day computers are usually split into dominant brands, one of which is Macintosh. Macintosh was started by a man named Steve Jobs, an entrepreneur and inventor. Mod-ern day Macs are one of the more pricey brands, but are also nearly vi-rus free. If you’re a gamer, this is not your computer, considering many good games aren’t formatted for macs. Their recent com-puter, the iMac, is a flat screen monitor with a computer built into it. Macs operating system, Lion, is one of the key com-ponents to the success of Macs sales.

The big boy brand of all computers is Microsoft. The owner of Microsoft, Bill Gates, still holds the title of the richest man in the world. Microsoft is famous for their operating system series, Windows. Windows 7, their current operating system, is highly aesthetically pleasing with it’s beautiful aero theme,

but that’s no reason to buy it. The reason peo-ple love Windows 7 so much, is that 99% of all programs on the internet, are formatted for Windows. The most popular seller was Win-dows XP, due to it being far ahead of its time, in second was Windows 7, due to its faster processing speeds. Although 7 is their best so far, in June this year Windows 8 will be re-leased. The last big guy in computers is Linux, the underdog. Linux, released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds is the most stable operating system there is. The operating system isn’t really known, but for gamers out there with high quality gaming PCs, this is the OS for you. The most common use for Linux, is server hosting, rather it be a game or a website that requires a lot of RAM and storage and wants 24/7 uptime. Almost every super computer in the world uses Linux. Computer technology is the most important topic in today’s modern industry. With con-stant competition, the growth of innovation in Computers is sky rocketing. There’s more to computers than what runs them, although without operating systems, a computer would-n’t run everything we use today.

2002 Microsoft crea (conjugate) primero Tablet PC.

2003 Laptops tienen disk trays.

2000 Lexar descrubre primero memoria flash que tiene mas memoria que Floppy Disk..

2004 Salio el Nintendo DS primero pantalla tactil.

2005 Youtube empiezar (conjugate, e-ie stem change) video host-ing. Youtube vale 50 billion dolares.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds http://www.cray.com/Home.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

Have you ever noticed how we got to talk to our loved ones from many miles away? Alexander Graham Bell is the name that is recognized for this historical in-vention. There was a question bouncing around in his head which was: “If Messages could be sent over wire by electrical impulses, Why not a human voice?” He had a dream to make a human voice be heard from a single wire. Eventually Mr. Bell’s vision became a reality on March 10th in 1876. The telephone was made as a con-nection to easily talk to someone, rather than waiting four days for a letter to return. The key players, who helped Mr. Bell, were Elisha Grey, Thomas A. Watson, and Theodore Newton Vail. The telephone was invented in Mr. Bell’s lab in Cam-bridge, Massachusetts. Alexander Graham Bell had partners to make his invention become alive. Mr. Theodore Newton Vail was a man who helped Mr. Bell. Theodore is known as the man who created “AT&T”. Vail was also the Bell’s manager of the telephone company. Not only was Vail a great business man, but he was also a great friend. Not only has Mr. Bell invented the telephone, but he has made History. If we didn’t have the telephone, how do you think we will communicate? The telephone was in-vented for communication throughout the world. How do you think we can com-municate with people all across the world? Alex-ander Graham Bell was a man who thought about how he can make a human voice be heard from a single wire.

The first telephone appeared in Wisconsin in 1877 when Appleton banker Alfred Galpin connected it from his house to a local bank. Several months later, Bell then in-vented a switchboard for twenty-five telephones. Like other new technology, Fantastic rumors about its abilities spread as telephones appeared first in New England, but quickly spread west. After the telephones were spreading, it became popular in 1878.

In 1878, Richard Valentine made a private line for him and his brother in

Janesville. In 1878 he then built a line for the editor for the berlin journal. The superintendent wanted a line from the

train station to taverns on the other side of Green Lake. Valentine built one of the first switchboards

in the country to connect the three phones. Valentine

then visited Milwaukie to present the possibilities of the telephone. The citizens then believed that they didn’t need

such nonsense; he got laughed out of town. In the 1880’s a man named Charles H. Haskins

brought the telephone to Milwaukie. The telephone

then started to spread to cities across Wisconsin. After there were

exchanges made, Bell started making his company in the most populated areas. In 1893 the patents owned by Bell expired. Like telephones themselves fifteen years

ear- lier, small, independent telephone companies spread across the state.

Alexander Graham Bell empezar demostrar a sus par mas o menos descubrir el telefono a comunicar con otra gente

Elisha Grey and Alexander Gra-ham Bell tenier el exito por experimentar con la ciencia de el telefono

Sr. Bell y Mr. Watson inven-tan sonido para el eletrico el telefono

Thomas Edison comunica con Mr. Bell

Alexander Graham Bell usa dificil la ciencia a crear el arte de retrato de telefono

Sr bell piensa en la funcion de tecnologia a hacer largo distancia llamadas

Works Cited / Old Phones for Sale. We Can Tell You a Bit about Telephone History & Offer Pbs. "The Telephone." PBS. PBS. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/>.

Telephone Museum. "Antique Phones - We Carry Antique Pay Phones Telephones Antique Phones, Antique & Other Old Phones for Sale to the Public." Antique Phones. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.telephonymuseum.com/>.

He fought for years in court to win the title of

“The creator of The Telephone”

He is the father of the tecnología era, used his brilliant and superb mind to design an invención to let people

communicate with people electronically. He has ground-breaking work in Optical Telecommunication, hydrofoils and aeronautics. His telephone has went from having to put in a peg to connect and communicate to people, to

know having a computer as a phone.

How the idea of the telephone came about was from Bell’s strong curiosity with sound. He was home school

by his father until he was 15. The telephono has impacted the in ways that are unimaginable, what was once a phone that you needed pegs to connect people with is now high tech computer that can do probably anything. Since the invention of the telephone, our society has changed so-

cially, economically, physically, mentally, spiritually and educationally.

It has affected the Spanish community because without the telephone the Hispanic citizens wouldn’t be able to

contact friends and family overseas in South America. It has not only affected just the Hispanic community but the

whole world. The process of the peg machine goes like this, someone would be at a desk and you would call and

they would take your peg and put it inside a whole to con-nect you with the person you to talk to. Before the inven-tion of the telephone, messages were sent mainly via mes-senger and mail. Due to the great distances being travelled to deliver messages, only important messages were being

sent.

A lot of the jobs that are existent in current times were non-existent during the phone-less decades. Since the invention of telephono the world has changed dramatically. At first,

this invention was not as popular as it is now, because it was not as common and affordable.

According to the Encyclopedia of Microsoft, at first, people only had access to a phone is a pay phone at the local store. Even then, I was in high demand. Since then many things have changed. Phone use has grown exponentially and has

become part of everyday life. Some people today still debate about the telephone and whether it has done good or bad, I

say it has changed the way we communicate, the way we act and the way we live for sure. But I can’t say it has done too much bad because I’m pretty sure it has saved lives. Bu I

know Bell has no regrets. Works Cited

"Bell's Telephone." Alexander Graham Bell and His Tele-

phone. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://fi.edu/franklin/

inventor/bell.html>.

"Telephone History Timeline Page." Schoelles Home Page.

Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.schoelles.com/

Telephone/teltimeline.htm>.

"Telephones in times past." Index MizBee. Web. 22 Mar.

2012. <http://mizbee.net/phones.htm>.

1981 Bell ganó el pat-ente del teléfono .

1879 Abonados al servicio telefónico comenzó a ser designada por números en lugar de nombres

1891 Los primeros operadores del sistema de marcación automática patentados Switchboard ya no eran necesarios para hacer una llamada telefónica.

1894 La segunda patente de Bell funda-mental para el teléfono expira

1946 la gente comenzó a usar el Servicio de Telefonía Móvil.

Article By Terrence Caldwell-Marrero

Pie De Foto Una: De hoy imagen por tele-fono. Each letter has its own sounds that are unique to it. The long sounds are referred to as dashes while the short sounds are referred to as dots. So how much would it affect your life if you didn’t have a phone? How would you communicate?

Now in 2012 more than half of America doesn’t have house phones. Most of us all have smartphones pow-ered by Apple and Android. With our phones these days we can text, play games, take pictures, get on the internet, etc. When back then we could barely use them to talk to each other. When there weren’t any phones people had to be creative to communi-cate with one another. Now you get a text from the person that’s right beside you. When you compare now and then with the phones the people back then make us seem really lazy. In order for them to talk then they had to make smoke signals and Morse code until the phone was invented. All we have to do is push a button.

What would you do without your phone, how would you communicate? Have you ever wonder who made the telephone or how it was made? What catches your attention with the phone? Is it the instant messaging, the camera, or the internet? Well let’s take a tour through the telephone timeline and see when and how your phone was made. The first telephone was made in 1876 by a man named Alexander Gra-ham Bell. In fact the very first sentence said through the telephone was by Bell on March 10, 1876. Bell was talking to his assistant Thomas Watson his sen-tence was “Mr. Watson, come here, I need your help.” And from there the liquid telephone was made. Before the liquid transmitter was word of mouth. Where all you had was your mouth to translate messages the stagecoach. Next came the stagecoach was a covered horse drawn wagon that traveled to take people their mail and other things. Next in 1851 came the Morse Code. The Morse Code is a alpha-betic code of long and short sounds.

Pie De foto Dos: Imagen por teléfono de ante-

1851: Morsecode: Puntos rayas. Muy dificil. La ventajas no todos conocian.

1876: Liquid Telephone: El primer tele-fono. Creado por Bell. Hace la vida mas facil. Pueder de comunicar mejor.

1700’s: Hablaron de boca en boca. Es dificil. Para tener una conversacion.

1756: Stagecoach: Carro con cuatro cabollos. Es tiempo y diferente. Para seguir el comino del correro

1877: El primer telefono en Wisconsin. Se fue de casa en el banco.

By: Kayla Combs

Ager, Simon. "Morse Code (-- --- �-� ��� � -�-� --- -�� �)." Morse Code. Simon Ager, 1998-200. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.omniglot.com/writing/morsecode.htm>.

Curtis, Chris. "What Is a Stagecoach? - Curiosity." Curiosity. Discovery Communications, 2011. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/what-is-stagecoach>.

Did you know that as a tribute to Alexander Bell when he died in 1922, all the telephones stopped ringing for one full min-ute? There’s a good reason why people stopped using their phones even if today it would be a complete tragedy. Alexander Bell was the intentional yet “accidental” inventor of the telephone in the year 1876. At the time, Bell was testing his early idea for the telephone when he accidently knocked over what they were using as a transmitting liquid--battery acid. In response to the spill he yelled, “Mr. Watson, come here. I need you!” Wat-son heard him calling him through the receiver. Eureka! The telephone was invented!! The telephone has changed tremendously throughout the years with the help of other peo-ple. In 1891 a man named Almon Strowger got tired of waiting for operators to answer the phone and make connections. In order to fix his problem he came up with an “automatic” telephone that “dialed” a number with the simple push of buttons. I guess impa-tience goes a long way with a little effort. Imagine how long it would take you to call your friends every night because you had to wait 15 minutes to ask a complete stranger to connect you first! (http://www.telephonymuseum.com/History%201940-today.htm)Written by: Gregory R. Russell Updated since 1998-2012

The telephone did-n’t just stop there!

Soon inventors wanted to come up with easier ways to carry and use the telephone as time went on. By 1900’s, the Bell companies had 800,000 phones in use while individual territories had 600,000. That’s a total of 1,400,000 phones in use in the United States alone!

During World War II call vol-ume increased dramatically after the Pearl Harbor attack. During the war telephone men were called in by the thou-sands!!The telephone was a great way to communicate with soldiers overseas. Even though the telephone isn’t the only devise that has changed the way we think, it sure is at the top of the list. Something that you have probably never heard of during a conversation in the 21st Cen-

tury is a pager or “beeper”. The first pager like devise was invented by Al Gross for the Detroit Police De-partment. The pager was improved by Motorola in 1959. The first successful pager was called the Mo-torola's Pageboy I first introduced in 1974. In today’s world the pager is not remembered because of a dif-ferent devise. Can you guess which devise? The tele-phone evolved to become the cellphone and the popu-lar iphone of today. The telephone is a devise that we have gotten attached to, and for a good reason too. The telephone is a part of our lives that we can’t imag-ine living without. So how has the telephone grown to become such a large figure in our everyday activities?http://wanttoknowit.com/who-invented-the-pager/by Want To Know It written in 2012

ONE ACCIDENT IS NO ACCIDENT!

Alexander Graham Bell invento el tele-fono accidentalmente derramó batería de ácido. Cuando el llamo a su asistente Watson, el descubrio que Watson lo ecucho por la máquina.

Uç? itÄxÜ|t VtáàÜÉ

Did you know that the first hand held phone was invented in 1973 (Motorola Dy-naTAC8000). It was more than a foot long, weighed nearly 2 pounds and sold for $3,995... That would be $19,300 today!!The cell phone was invented by Doctor Martin Cooper the Director of Research and Development at Motorola. The root of the cellphone actually came from the joint effort of AT&T and Bell companies in 1947. They created hexagonal cells for mobile phone base stations. Not too long after the cellphone was invented a man named Matti Makkonen invented texting. Too bad for Matti Makkonen, he didn’t get a single penny for his invention. His idea evolved to become today’s most popular way of communicating because of its sim-plicity. A lot of different inventors and en-gineers contributed to the telephone’s cur-rent popularity. (http://www.digitalbuzzblog.com/mobile-statistics-2011-growth-of-mobile/)written in Sun, Nov 21, 2010 by Aden Hepburn

Surprisingly, other cultures were also impacted in different ways because of the telephone. A good example of a different culture that has been greatly impacted is His-panic culture. Hispanics in the United States use the telephone to make a long distance call in order to communicate with friends and family in their home country. One out of every three dollars spent on telecommunications services in 2009 came from US ethic com-munities. Hispanics are large portion of users of beepers and pagers, local, long-distance, and international calls, and spend considerably more than the general market on value-added services such as call waiting and caller ID. According to Hispanic families, if it wasn’t for the telephone they wouldn’t be able to communi-cate with their families as effi-ciently. (http://www.insight-corp.com/reports/ethnic06.asp) By: The Insight Research Cor-poration Written in 2012.

In conclusion, the telephone has gone a long way since 1876 when Alex-ander Graham Bell invented the telephone. The telephone has be-come part of our lives and a neces-sity in each of our activities. In the next five years people are more likely to connect to the internet us-ing a mobile phone rather than a PC. 70% of the world population owns either a mobile phone or a tele-phone. Children are even more likely to own a cell phone than a book! 85% percent of children own a cellphone while only 73% percent of children own a book at home. The phone has changed our world dramati-cally over time and it won’t take long before phones take hold of up and coming generations. (http://www.digitalbuzzblog.com/mobile-statistics-2011-growth-of-mobile/)written in Sun, Nov 21, 2010 by Aden Hepburn

1876 -El telefono fue inventado en 1876. 1973-El año que el primer teléfono celular salio

1877-El año el primer telefono se vio. 2007-El año el primer táctil de teléfono salio 2008-El primer iphone fue liberado en 2008

3,092 personas se murieron 3,092 personas se murieron 3,092 personas se murieron en 2010 porque usaron sus en 2010 porque usaron sus en 2010 porque usaron sus telefonos cuando ellos esta-telefonos cuando ellos esta-telefonos cuando ellos esta-

ban manejando.ban manejando.ban manejando.

Have you ever wondered what made those huge ex-

plosions? Well, it is called an atom bomb. An atom bomb is

what we dropped on Hiroshima. In 1939 there was a project

set for creating the atomic bomb. This project was called the

Manhattan Project. During this time period more than $2

billion was spent on the project, creating the atomic bomb.

There was a big problem. There was very limited amount of

uranium-235. Uranium-235 was very hard to extract. There

was an idea that uranium-238 would work, but later found out

useless.

The test of this beast was set to July 16, 1945 in

Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. This test was very success-

ful. The massive fireball was said to be heading upward at

360 feet per second. This blast was so massive that from 120

miles away a blind girl saw the flash. Some neighboring ar-

eas swore that the sun had risen twice that morning. When

the zone was cleared the only soil left was radioactive glass

caused by the massive temperatures. The project was a suc-

cess.

After the successful project, it had been said that the govern-

ment was to drop this bomb on Hiroshima. The bomb had a

nickname, Little Boy. Little Boy weighed a great of over four

and a half tons. On August 6, 1945 the bomb was dropped,

only missing its destination by 800 feet. In an instant there

were over 66,000 deaths and 69,000 injuries. This was devasta-

tion. Everything within two and a half miles of the blast that

was flammable burned. It was said that damage was reported

by people three miles away.

This is not the final time that the atomic bomb was

used in war. On August 9, 1945 the bomb dropped on Na-

gasaki. This bomb was nicknamed fat man. This bomb missed

by over half a mile and injured over 25,000 people. This wasn’t

the only thing that was harmful. Everyone and everything that

was affected by the blast received radiation poisoning. The

chemicals in the bomb made the rain fall like acid. It contained

the chemicals and everyone that came into contact became ill.

1931– Harold Urey dis-covers Deuterium

1939– Albert agrees to help with atom bomb.

1939– Manhattan project accepted

1945– Bomb Test Drop in Jemez New Mexico

1945– Hiroshima bomb dropped

Senior Einstein era el científico quién investigas fisica. El es el in-vento de EL atom Bomb por WW2,durante la guerra frio. Most people think that killing a few people with a gun is bad. Think

about this, killing an entire city in the blink of an eye. Don’t believe me; it’s called an Atom Bomb, an innovation that changed the world. When ideas come together they make something great, in this case it was something we should have never done. The Atom Bomb started in 1931 with the discovery of Deuterium. It launched a long line of bad events that has made everyone scared. Little Boy, and Fat Man, two mans that will never be forgotten. The same with Hiroshima and Nagasaki the cities will remember what we did to them, and never forget us. Most people want to know why things in life happen, like the Cuban missile crisis, cold war, Or Saddam Hussein. Most of these happened because of power, everyone has to have the most power. That’s why each country had to do bad things to achieve power. We didn’t try to achieve power we tried to end a war so we dropped a Atomic Bomb.

When the Atom Bomb first dropped on Hiroshima, Japan refused surrender, so we decided do it again bomb another city. Nagasaki was one of Japans main weapon manufacturing cities. After we blew up Nagasaki the Japanese surrendered and that ended the war and al long lasting grudge. Pearl harbor is the memorial of the ship the Arizona, the head battle ship in pearl harbor. When people look at what Japan did they see something terrible, but they don’t realize how bad we hurt them. The atom bomb, that monstrous piece of metal, how could it have changed the world, very easy. Power, power was what the atom bomb was, whoever had an atom bomb was feared. That’s the reason each country made the tech-nology so they could be feared. It was one of the greatest innova-tions in our world because it has become more and more popular. Each country today most likely has an atom bomb, so for example if Afghanistan hit us with an atom bomb, the war would be over because we would release atom bombs until they surrendered.

Works Cited "Atom Bomb." Spartacus Educational. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWatom.htm>.

"Atomic Bomb Timeline." Welcome to Hornacek.coa.edu. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://hornacek.coa.edu/dave/Teaching/Bomb/timeline.html>.

Bellis, Mary. "History of the Atomic Bomb & The Manhattan Project." About.com Inventors. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/atomic_bomb.htm>.

"The Nuclear Arms Race." History Learning Site. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nuclear_arms_race.htm>.

Proutry, Doug. "Timeline - The Race to Build the Atomic Bomb." Contra Costa County Office of Education. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.cccoe.k12.ca.us/abomb/timeline.htm>.

.

During the sixties when nuclear warfare came into play people got very uneasy. When the Cuban missile crisis happened America began to doubt that we were still safe. When the war in Iraq came to be We knew that they had nuclear warfare and we were looking for one person. Saddam Hus-sein, if the atom bomb was never invented, their wouldn’t be nuclear warfare. The Cu-ban missile crisis might not of happened and, the war we are in might not be going on. America is the most dominate nation in the world, we showed this dominance by killing Osama Bin Laden

The Reason we killed Osama bin Laden is be-cause he has been an enemy of America for over fifteen years. He started the war in Iraq when he ordered his men to fly planes into the world trade centers. In May of 2011, a navy seal team killed him, and that’s were we showed our dominance. When we killed him that was sup-posed to end the nuclear war, but it didn’t. America made one of the worst mistakes when we dropped that bomb, right when it hit, it started a long period of trust issues. The lasting impact of the

atom bomb will never go away or any time soon People will always remember what the atom bomb did to us and the rest of the world. The lesson to be learned is think before you act in this case we weren’t thinking clearly. We didn’t expect for al long nuclear war to come, or people flying planes into trade centers. There is one word that revolves around all of this, Power, we all want power. If one person has some power the other person has to have more power so they can be dominate. The Atom Bomb is one of the worlds most remembered innovations.

Nosotros demostramos El atom bomb para Japon en 1945 y era un exito.

1939 Einstein es un el inventor en la guerra frio para Los estdos unidos. El mandas el presidente un funcion carta sobre el atom bomb. Mucho do le incluir politico.

1941 Pearl Harber era un exito y empiezas de WW2. EL Japones sorprendido nos y traiceonas nos. El japones tienes tecnolo-gia hoy.

1945 La Primero Atom Bomb era Experamento en 1945. El invento era lanzado en Hiroshima posterior eso ano.

1991 Saddaam Hussane encuentras nuclear tecnologia y puedes nuclear el science y era facil a conseguir .

1962 Los estados unidos encuentran ruso tecnologia en Cuba por nos.

Jazz music has the most impact on music now than any other type of music.

Jazz originally started during the times of slavery. It was not long before there were different types of styles formed. The first big band was formed in New York in 1910 by Fletcher Henderson’s band. The band included the legendary Louis Armstrong playing the trumpet.

Jazz music started in African for spiritual purposes. Then the Europeans pur-chased them as slaves and were brought to America. During the hard times of slavery, slaves you would usually sing to lift their spirits up. And eventually they would use instruments to make the singing sound even better. The original instruments in jazz were the drums, the bass, and the piano. Then as time progressed, many different instruments were added to Jazz. Such as the guitar, clarinet, saxophone, trombone and the trumpet. But many Creoles were free in America. They became Americans as a result of the Louisiana Purchase. Most Creole musicians led the best bands in New Orleans. So they contributed in making jazz a popular type of music in America. It was not long until the “black” musicians started to really control how jazz was going to be played at that time. Most of the music played was a combination of an African rhythm and a Euro- pean har-mony. Another thing that helped Jazz flourish was the estab- lishment in Storyville in 1897, the Crescent City’s red light district. Jazz first started off with a type of Jazz called Dixieland. Some Dixieland groups recorded with a banjo since they didn’t have microphone, and the drums were too overpowering. Then there was “Hot Jazz”. Examples of this music are Jelly Roll Morton, Louis Armstrong’s Hot Five and Fletcher Henderson’s or-chestra. Another type was “swing”. This was the most popular type of Jazz ever played. But I nearly died in the 1950’s, and ended in the late 1960’s.

These different types of Jazz made jazz what is today. Probably one of the most popular types of music ever to be on this earth. The musicians are legends. And the music is forever to be remembered.

Primero jazz grabación en 1917

El world war efecto muchachos musica “Swing”

empeiza en 1930

Jazz empeiza en el 1800’s Jazz empieza

a perde lejos en 1950’s

"The Origins of Jazz." The Red Hot Jazz Archive. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.redhotjazz.com/originsarticle.html>.

"How Did Jazz Begin? The Start of a History of Jazz." HubPages. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://tonymac04.hubpages.com/hub/How-did-jazz-begin-

 History of Jazz." HyperMusic. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.hypermusic.ca/jazz/mainmenu.html>.

Tim Murphy 

Jazz, viewed from the past 

Jazz is a relatively old type of music. It inspired a lot, and

still has several fans these days. Jazz also has an interesting his-

tory. For instance, Hitler banned Jazz music in every land he had

control over during the Nazi regime. This was due to the fact that

it resembled too much of the flawed American lifestyle. 

I thought that no Jazz article would be complete without

Billie Holiday. In 1936, she and Teddy Wilson recorded a very

successful song, “I Cried for You”. This song goes on to sell 150

million copies, which meant a huge deal at the time. 

Also, the first African-American exclusive Jazz album had-

n’t come out until 1942. It was called “Harlem Hit Parade” Con-

sidering that Jazz was spreading fastest in places like Harlem, this

is a little surprising. There were other albums with black artists, of

course. This one was the first exclusively black album. 

The first American Jazz Festival was held in Scranton,

Pennsylvania in 1951. Not New Orleans or Harlem. But Pennsyl-

vania, instead of other Jazz hotspots. There has been other Jazz

Festivals around the world, but surprisingly America was not

first. These both came as a surprise to me. 

The White House even held a Jazz party in 1978. This was

under Carter’s administration. This was just another reason to like

President Carter. Surprisingly, his was in the late 70’s, not the

20’s, 30’s, 40’s, or 50’s. Those years were the highlight of Jazz,

not the late 70’s. Still, it was better to do it late than never. 

"Jazz Timeline." Apassionfor-

jazz.com. Web.

"Jazz." Wikipedia. Wikimedia

Foundation, 22 Mar.

2012. Web. 22 Mar.

2012. <http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Jazz>.

"Timeline of Jazz Education."

Wikipedia. Wikimedia

Foundation, 03 May

2012. Web. 22 Mar.

2012. <http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Time-

line_of_jazz_education>.

Automobiles have been around for a while and have been very successful thanks to Henry Ford, not really. What people don’t know usually realize is that Henry Ford was not the first person to make the auto-mobile, it was the Europeans. This gave us an easy way to get around and keeps improv-ing over the years which is why we still have them today. This innovation was very successful for Henry Ford. You might want to know who, what, where, and how about the automobile came into this world. The first to make an automo-bile was the Europeans of course, I mean look at the cars they make to-day. They tinkered around with motor powered vehicles in the late 1700’s. They had attempted steam, combus-tion, and electrical motors by mid-1800. When the 1900’s hit, there was-n’t a certain type of engine that could power the automobile. Steam engines for the four wheeled machines lasted until 1920’s and we moved onto gas powered engines which became very popular to the people. Then along came Ransom E. Olds who created the combustion engines and knocked both of off the shelf. He had some help from Henry Ford.

Henry Ford started the assembly line for the Ford Company. His company has been going on for years and most

likely will be for a while. He partnered with Ransom E. Olds. He made the Model T which was very successful in that time. Everybody had one or wanted one which made Henry for suc-cessful. Before the automobile, people worked on farms in the country or worked in the city. Since the automobile was cre-ated the suburbs began to grow

and gave people more jobs and gave other people the opportunity to be able to work. Cars impacted the so-ciety because it gave travelers the

chance to go places they needed and wanted to go. Vehicles were basically like toys for rich people. When people became familiar with them everybody wanted one. Since the auto-mobiles were first made they were basi-cally for the wealthy

people in the U.S.A because they were so expensive. The longer vehicles were out, the more popular it got to the public. It was successful because it gave people the freedom to leave or travel whenever and wherever they wanted to. That is why we still have cars today. And remember that Henry Ford was the 2nd inventor of the auto-mobile! -Por Grandall C. Coyne

Primera T-Model automo-vil crear por Henry Ford. (1920)

La primero interno combustion motor por Gottlieb Diamler crear en 1887.

"Automobile - Timeline - Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century."

Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3880>.

"The Impact of the Automobile on the 20th Century." 302 Found. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

l3d.cs.colorado.edu/systems/agentsheets/new-vista/automobile/>.

1886

1887

1901

1901

1902

In Memory of Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947)

Automovil por Henry Ford

Do you have an automovil? Do you know how automoviles have changed over the past 100 years, or do you even know what an automoviles is? Automoviles have evolved in not only just the way they look but also the way they function and the technology used in them. You’d be surprised about how automoviles used to look and move back in 1913 and the way they do now. Other major ways that the automovil has changed over the years is safety pro-tocols.

La seguridad y la technologia Over the past 100 years since about the time Ford Motor Company was

made technology on not only the way automoviles are used but also the way that they’re produced in factories has changed. I bet you didn’t know that the first moving assembly line was created in 1913, or that power steering was cre-ated for all vehicles in 1926. Those are just some of the ways the automovil has advanced over the past 100 years. Performance wise, engines have gotten a lot more powerful and productive but most of all with all these high gas prices, the amount of miles you get to the gallon has gone up significantly.

La linea de montaje fue construido por Ford

Ford empieza en 1903 por Henry Ford. Ellos cemiezan coches para personas.

Linea de mon-taje crea en 1913

Direcction asistida des-cubre en 1926

Comunicación y transporte Communication and transportation with the innovation of cars has improved dramatically. Communication has improved by being able to drive to places quickly if needed to, and actu-ally automoviles have gone from just being able to drive around a couple miles to being able to drive roughly around 200 to 300 miles. As for transportation cars from 1903 through the 1910’s have gone from just being able to take about one passenger to about the 1920’s to the 1990’s being able to carry in some automoviles more than 4 people at a time. One other way that transportation has improve with vehicles is that they can carry a lot more weight with any materials that they may be carrying to a certain location.

Automóviles de todo el mundo If you didn’t know automoviles have spread across the world in a big way ever since the in-novation was created. Starting off with the Benz Company and then later on came Ford Mo-tor Company in 1903. Then later on came a lot more automovil company such as General Motors or better known as GM, or a major foreign automovil company is Honda which is a automovil company that’s run out of Japan, but there’s many other different types of other automobile companies. Another thing that’s really impacted the world is how these compa-nies have made different types of vehicles to fit dif-ferent needs or people’s different live styles.

Conclusión The past of the automovil has been very crazy. It’s gone from just being a luxury for wealth people and only going around 5 miles an hour to being basically owned by every adult over the age of 18 and being able to go over a hundred mile a hour. Another thing that’s happened over the years is the technology and the safety regulations that have been put in place and the way people get around from town to town and city to city. And one last thing that automovil has done is it’s created many jobs and different types of automovil companies all around the world.

El control de crucero de-sarolla para el automovil

Airbags son comun en 1970. Esto demonstran la suguridad.

By Anthony Aquino

Cita Bibliografica Bio True History. "Henry Ford Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, 1996. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.biography.com/people/

henry-ford-9298747>.

Greatest Achievements. "Automobile - Timeline - Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century." Greatest Engineering Achieve-

ments of the Twentieth Century. Greatest Achievements, 2003. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3880>.

Have you ever flown a kite in a lightning storm? Most people would answer that question, no. That would be crazy even to think about doing such thing. In 1752 Benjamin Franklin did such a thing. He had a thought in his head that if he puts a key on the string for the kite and flies it during a lightning storm he will create electricity. What an intelligent gentleman Benjamin was for predicting the theory about electricity. Elec-tricity is one of the main discoveries that could make the world go round. You may ask “What is electricity?” Electricity is a form of energy in positive and negative forms that occurs naturally (as in lightning) or is produced (as in a generator) .Electricity is expressed in terms of the movement and interaction of electrons. The next thought through your mind may be “Who discovered electricity and how?” A Genius named Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity. Now you say “How?” He put a key on the string of a kite, then he flew it during a thunderstorm and discovered electricity. Yes, I know it is un-believable. Did I hear you say when? The events with the key and kite occurred in 1752. The reason Benjamin flew the kite during the thunderstorm is be-cause he had assumptions about it working so he decided to test his hypothesis. Before you even ask I will answer your next ques-tion “where” the answer is Philadelphia. Now take some time and think about how your personal life would be without electricity. While you think , I would like to let you know that electricity saves lives and also brings people back to life. The shocker that hospitals put on a person’s body to shock their heart back to life runs on electricity. Electricity is literally a life saver. I would guess any type of enter-

tainment you involve yourself in involves electricity. Would you like life without entertainment? I doubt it that you would like it. Going without electricity has been used for punishment or to torture someone. So, we know it is not fun. Just be glad we have had elec-tricity since you were born.

Now that you know more about an innovation that you use every day, you can inform others. Most people do not know how electricity came about, but they sure do use it. Just so you do not forget Benjamin Franklin flew a kite during a thunder storm in 1752 in Philadelphia with a key on the string to get a spark to start electricity. Without Benjamin Franklin there is a possibility you would not be able to read this right now. I would not have been able to type this article. Nor research to have the correct information in my paper. The world runs on electricity, without it think about where we would be. Do you like what it would be without electricity? How about we thank Benjamin

for discovering elec-tricity? Elec-tricity is one of the main dis-

coveries that could make the world go round. I will stop writing and let you thank him now. Works Cited "The Electric Franklin." Ushistory.org. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/index.htm>. "Online Language Dictionaries.

" English-Spanish Dictionary. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp>.

  

  

Benjamin vuela un cometa para Descubrir electrici

 

 

Vegas se ilumina con electricidad.  

600

A.D

.

discovered electricidad estática para tener luces

1600

crea la palabra electrici-dad

1729

la con-ducción de electri-cidad Por Ensayos

Encon-trado Por Experimento de electricidad

1752

1816 1

Utilidad de la energía

por primera vez en Estados Unidos

1752, Mt. Olympus. Zeus is just sitting at home, wait-

ing for something to happen. Sud-

denly, one of his messengers

comes in and tells him some guy

is flying a kite in a thunderstorm.

At first, Zeus thinks he’s just an

idiot. Then he realizes he could

have some fun. He finds the man and sees that he also

has a key attached to the kite. “This is too easy.” Zeus

thinks. He throws down a lightning bolt right onto the

man’s kite. The man is alive and realizes he has just

experienced something amazing. Electricity. Okay, so

that’s not exactly how electricity was discovered. But

this is a little more interesting, right?

It’s hard to say whether

electricity has had a greater impact on people now or

in the past. Now, people

use it all the time for

pretty much everything. In

the past, it was new and

no one really knew how to

use it, but it was still a

major discovery. If you

think about it, it would be hard to know what to do

with it at first. You can’t just discover electricity and

right away know it’s going to one day be used in the

most technologically advanced things.

After they figured out how to harness it and

started using it for simple things, it’s just gotten more

useful. In the beginning, it was used for simple

things. As simple as just using static electricity to at-

tract one object to another. Then things started get-

ting more complicated and advanced. In 1821, Mi-

chael Faraday invented the first electric motor.

If you think that’s not that big a deal,

think of all the things that use electric motors.

Toys, Electronic scooters, some airplanes, cell

phones, cars, etc. Of course it wasn’t used for

those things back then, but still. It’s a pretty big

deal. So electricity has impacted the past a lot.

From just static electricity to more complicated

things like motors, amplifiers, and power cells.

Electricity has impacted everyone’s life at least a

little in some way.

Michael Faraday experimenta con la elec-tricidad para crear el mo-tor eléctrico.

1821

La pila de combusti-ble fue inventa por Sir William Robert Grove.

1839

Samuel Morse utiliza la electrici-dad para crear el telégrafo.

1844

Openes las centrales hidroeléctri-cas de estaciones en Wisconsin para aprovechar el poder de la electricidad.

1882

El electrón fue descubierto

1897

All the time, people use things that rely on electric-

ity and they don’t even know it. Even if they do know it,

most people don’t really care how far it’s come. They just

think: “Oh, this uses electricity? Cool.” But they should be

thankful, because if electricity was found more recently or

not at all, our world would be completely different. So

thanks, Zeus. Thanks for hitting Ben Franklin with a light-

ning bolt and bringing us electricity.

Bellis, Mary. "Timeline Of Electronics." About.com Inventors. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/electricity_timeline.htm>.

"Electricity." EIA Energy Kids -. Oct. 2007. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?

page=tl_electricity>.

El Tesla Ranger es deportista para un coche electrico. Otras coches electrico siguen la trendencia de el moderno cara.

El Tesla Ranger es deportista para un coche electrico. Otras coches electrico siguen la trendencia de el moderno cara.

Do you drive a gasoline powered vehicle or drive an electric pow-ered vehicle? If you drive a gaso-line power vehicle you may want to switch to an electric vehicle be-cause they will save you money in the long run. Electric vehicles are also better for the environment be-cause no tailpipe equals no harmful emissions. Electric vehicles now are stylish and get more mileage out of their charge than the electric vehicles in the past. In the long run electric vehicles will outlast gaso-line powered vehicles. In the past electric cars could only get so many miles per full charge and usually run on both gas and electric power. Now-a-days, the electric car companies are trying to get as many miles

per each full charge that they can. They are also making cars now that run solely on electric and not both electric and gas. If you ask me, electric cars have come a long way since the first one was invented. Electricity has also come a VERY long way since Benjamin Franklin stood out in that thunder storm fly-ing a kite with a key attached to it. Imagine our world today without electricity… can you do it? I know I can’t but if you think about the world without cars, you would have to walk everywhere all the time or ride your bike. It would be hard to travel 100 miles in two hours without a car going on aver-age 50 mph. It would take you for-ever to travel those 100 miles on foot. Even by bike it would take a long time.

That’s why it’s important to start looking at electric cars and their benefits. One of the first cars made in 1959 got 40 miles per full charge and went a top speed of 40 mph. Elec-tric cars now, such as the Tesla Roadster and the Tesla Motor S that comes out this year, and other electric cars can get way more miles per full charge and can go way faster. The Tesla Roadster gets approximately 245 miles per full charge and can go from 0 to 60 mph in 3.7 seconds. The Model S gets 300 miles per full charge and can go from 0 to 60 mph in 5.6seconds.Both of the Tesla cars can reach a top speed of 125 mph. These Tesla cars also emit 0 tail-pipe emissions. The electrical vehi-cles now-a-days are

Ellos transiten los

coches eléctrico

para la comunidad.

Mitsubishi libera es mas nuevo

coche electrico, MiEV. No tengo un

tubo de escape que es un ventaja

porque no emites prinicioso

quimicas

Dontcrush.com alcanzan

exito para salvan los Ford

Ranger EV de los coches.

Todos de los coches eléctrico empiezan

para ser contrato de arrendamiento de los

manufactures mejor.

El Tesla Roadster es un

coche electrico para la

venta.

also more stylish. Electric vehicles are more

stylish than electric cars from 50 years ago. Electric cars are more modern in style. Not just that, but they are also unique. How many electric cars do you see out on the street each day? Electric cars aren’t just stylish they are also more aero-dynamic than the traditional gas powered vehicle. This is great be-cause it causes less drag on the ve-hicle meaning that there isn’t a bunch of pressure building up while you’re driving along. We have fig-ured out how to get further and go faster than we could possibly imag-ine in just 53 years with electrical cars.

Electrical cars are a way better vehicle choice over the usual gas powered vehicles. Gas powered vehicles emit harmful chemicals into the environment every time we start them up.

Gas powered vehicles also cost lots of money every time you go to the gas station to fill them up. The average cost of gas today is around $3.83 or even higher. Imag-ine the price of gas a year from now. With the choice of purchasing an electric car, you can knock out those pricey gas station trips, sav-ing you money in the long run. You don’t have to worry about all those harmful chemicals that you put into the environment every time you start up your car because there are none to worry about. Electric cars are also a better bet for the future.

Gasoline and oil will not be around forever. These two things are nothing that can be renewed within a certain time limit. They take thousands and hundreds of years to be created and sooner or later there will be no more left for a long time.

Energy that the electric cars run on, however, can be renewed easily. There are at least 4 renew-able energy sources such as, sun, geothermal, wind, and tide. Gaso-line powered vehicles will sooner or later be no use to us. Electric ve-hicles on the other hand, can be used for years to come.

Electric vehicles are a better alternative to gasoline powered ve-hicles. Electric cars are becoming more advanced with today's tech-nology. Electric cars help our envi-ronment because they don’t emit any harmful tailpipe emissions. Gasoline will not be around forever but the energy that electric cars run on will be. Electric cars will also save you money in the long run. So, let me ask you this... Would you rather be driving an electric pow-ered vehicle or a gasoline powered vehicle?

"The 100-Year History Of the Electric Car." Npr. Ed. Avie Schneider. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. <http://

www.npr.org/2011/11/21/142365346/timeline-the-100-year-history-of-the-electric-car>.

"Drinking Water Quality Report." EWG Tap Water Database 2009. Environmental Working Group, 2004-

2009. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.ewg.org/tap-water/whatsinyourwater/IN/Fort-Wayne-City-

Utilities--Three-Rivers-Filtration-Plant/5202020/>.

"Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation." Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation. City of Fort Wayne Indiana. Web.

12 Mar. 2012. <http://www.fortwayneparks.org/index.php?option=com_content>.

"Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation." Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation. City of Fort Wayne Indiana. Web.

14 Mar. 2012. <http://www.fortwayneparks.org/index.php?option=com_content>.

"History of The Electric Car." PBS. PBS, 30 Oct. 09. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/now/

shows/223/electric-car-timeline.html>.

"Idea4Invention.com." Electric Car Inventions Timeline Infographic. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://

idea4invention.com/articles/electric-car-inventions-timeline-infographic>.

"Living Without Electricity." Our Watershed Atlas, Bryant Creek, North Fork, Eleven Point, Spring River,

Missouri Ozarks. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. <http://www.watersheds.org/education/gstudent.htm>.

two-thousand years. The steam engine has played an important role in the Industrial Revolution and in the modern world the steam engine accounts for

more than half of the elec-tricity in the entire world. A steam engine consists of basically two parts: a motor, and a steam generator. A steam engine might also include condensers to col-lect the steam and return it as water to the system.

Alexandria was really the one who invented the steam engine. This was all before 300 B.C. They never stated that Alexandria had in-vented the first steam en-gine. They said that it was just a toy. The type of steam engine he made was not used for any sort of real power generation, but rather served as a model to discover the properties of steam itself. Many designs had been started to get created just like Alexandria’s by various dif-ferent people.

Thomas Savery created the first truly practical steam engine. He used a steam en-

gine to power water pumps. Basically, Tomas Sav-ery had patented Alexandria’s invention.

What is the point of the steam engine? What even is a steam engine? Some people think that James Watt invented the steam engine. But, really there is a long story before James Watt even comes into the history of the steam engine. The history of the steam engine starts with a Greek by the name of Alexandria. There are a lot of different things to talk about and make people understand. Steam engine was impacted by Tomas Savery , Tomas Newcomen, and James Watt, because Alexandria’s idea of the innovation but it wasn’t really consid-ered a real working device.

The point of the steam engine is to convert energy stored in one form into motion. A steam engine is an engine that uses steam to power itself. The steam engine is one of the oldest engines, dating back some

Taking it to the Steam Engine

Sarah Barclay World Studies 6th & 7th 3/22/2012

Uno de la primero De vapor Motores

La mas Nuevo adicion de la De vapor Motores

Savery also had invented his own work; he invented the steam-driven water pump. After he had created the steam-driven water pump he started working together with a partner, this had all happened in 1696. Savery’s partner was Newcomen; Newcomen had made a successful steam en-gine which they called a “fire engine,” with someone by the name of Cully. After they cre-ated the successful “fire engine,” Cully wasn’t really involved in this innovation. But, New-comen wasn’t quite done yet so he continued with more work. He next had created an atmos-pheric steam engine and it was the first. This was in 1712, but it wasn’t the only thing cre-ated in that year that he created. Still during that year he created a condensing jet. But, Newcomen’s steam engine had actually gone to America. The truth with James Watt is that he invented the internal condenser, in 1765. But, later in 1769 all the way to 1782 Watt did a lot. He had improved Newcomen’s patend addition of Alexandria’s steam engine by de-signing a separate condenser unit. Also he de-veloped a new invention, the compound steam engine. He also patented the double acting ro-tating steam engine.

The steam engine was impacted by Tomas Savery, Tomas Newcomen, and James Watt. Alexandria invented the idea of the steam engine, but it was-n’t really considered a real working device. Now you know James Watt did not originally invent the steam engine, but it was really invented by Alexan-dria. Watt completely replaced New-comen’s steam engine with his own. The steam engine will forever have a lasting impact on our world and ex-panded on the Industrial Revolution like we had never seen.

Tomas Savery comienza un nuevo creando un vapor auga bombea.

Newcomen crea otro de vapor mo-tor. El tiene mas la ventaja con el vapor motor.

Tomas Savery tiene a encontrar el exito con una empresa con Newcomen.

1696 1698 1712

Watt mejorado en Newcomens de va-por motor por diseño un particular con-densador unidad.

1769 1790

Arkwriht’s de vapor ali-mentado fábrica se abrela newcomens motor fue completamente reem-plazado por vatios motor.

Tomas Newcomen

Tomas Savery

James Watt

Works Cited About.com. "Steam Engine History." Inventors. About.com. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/

library/inventors/blsteamengine.htm>.

Egipcio maquillaje Maybelline maquillaje

Make up started in the 10,000 B.C to well it’s still going on in 2012. Make up is a part of a woman or man sometimes.

Women love’s wearing makeup that’s why it’s a big hit in selling. Back in ancient times the Egyptians wore makeup to bring their eyes out. Even back them makeup was expensive I cannot wait for the makeup products get lower in price. Romans always have worn makeup when they made it out of pigments. The pigments are the bright colors that makeup is and the dark colors. What they put in makeup is pigments, afterbirth. Etc. normal things you would put in makeup. Makeup is very popular to many girls because they want to make their self pretty But honestly that’s not what’s makes them pretty it’s what’s under that make up. The commercial’s for makeup products like Avon, Maybelline, La colors, Etc. Makes it seem like if you don’t buy us you will be ugly but that’s not true. Maybelline has the prettiest models that would make makeup look even better on them. After commercials pop up on the TV Women are like OMG I want that makeup because it say’s I will be prettier than I am or I’m going to buy their product because I want to look like that. Makeup is beautiful thing don’t get me wrong but honestly makeup should’ve never been invented. When makeup was invented everyone was so happy now in this world of ours theirs girls fighting over who’s prettier and over guys because they said they were prettier than one another. Only if Hitler banned makeup today’s time people wouldn’t be fighting over who’s prettier and this and that. All of the fighting leads to makeup girls fight over makeup it’s retarded no one should fight over it Yes it does make you look gorgeous and you shouldn’t have to wear makeup to look pretty you are gorgeous no matter what people tell you.

Timeline.

1770matrimonial acts equal excessive makeup1800makeup is frowned upon in Victorian age1820rimmel makes first commercial non toxic mascara 1913maybelline founder creates 1st mod-ern mascarGreen, Kevile. "The History of Cosmetics." Seven Gates University at Cyonic Nemeton. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.cyonic-nemeton.com/Cosmetics.html>. WebsiteTagsEditDelete

Warta, Tamara. "How Are Cosmetics Made." LoveToKnow. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://makeup.lovetoknow.com/How_Are_Cosmetics_Made>. WebsiteTagsEditDelete

Wheatley, Micheal J. "History of Makeup." WebMD. WebMD, 19 Sept. 2009. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.webmd.com/healthy-beauty/guide/history-makeup>.

1915 1909

1922 1944

Benjamin Green proec-tor solor por muchos militar en el sur pacífico

Bobby pins inventa en 1922

lápiz de labios ser crea en tubo

Un Alemán clínico compañía contrao y experimento con el primo cama so-lar para crea a aumentar gentes

What is beauty? Some people say it’s with in. Some say it’s the way you hold yourself. And others say it’s all about the makeup. Women have been wearing makeup since the beginning time. Make up didn’t start of the way you think, it also wasn’t as safe as todays makeup, Let’s start off with the earliest documented time of makeup. Ancient Egypt, ancient Egyptians were the first to document the importance of make up as an important part of their culture as seen in their tomb paintings. The looks of these women was applying dark green color under the eye lids, blacking lashes and upper eye lids. To achieve these looks they would use cooper, lead ore, and kohl. Next well be looking at the dangers of makeup from the past and how the women would go to any length just to get the look they desired. A while after the 1 century A.D cosmetics stated to be seen as a health threat. But the women that still wore make did anything to get there face as perfect as possible. Some women used burnt matches to darken their eyes and even used boy’s urine to fade freckles. Most women during this time would like for their skin to be very pale and to achieve this look they would use many toxic chemicals. Like lead, mercury, arsenic, and leaches. Looking pale meant you looked healthy in those days. With all the makeup we have today we have come a long way from the toxic and odd home remedies from the past.

cotidiano maquillaje por maquillaje muchos anos tiempo.

cotidiano maquillaje

"Cosmetic Timeline." Cosmetics and Skin. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

cosmeticsandskin.com/cosmetic-timeline.php>.

"COSMETICSINFO.ORG - Your Source for Safety Information about Cosmetics and

Personal Care Products." COSMETICSINFO.ORG. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

www.cosmeticsinfo.org/history3.php>.

"History of Fashion - History of Cosmetics." Digital History. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/do_history/fashion/Cosmetics/cosmetics.html>.

"History of Makeup." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.webmd.com/

healthy-beauty/guide/history-makeup>.

"JXTC GENRE : DECEMBER 08 TEMPLATE." Cosmetics Timeline. Web. 22 Mar.

2012. <http://69.73.171.223/-become-a-makeup-artist/337-cosmetics-timeline>.

"JXTC GENRE : DECEMBER 08 TEMPLATE." Cosmetics Timeline. Web. 22 Mar.

2012. <http://www.safebeautyassociation.com/-become-a-makeup-artist/337-

cosmetics-timeline>.

"TheHistoryOf.net." The History of Cosmetics � A Vanity Fair. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.thehistoryof.net/the-history-of-cosmetics.html>.

"What Did the Egyptians Use as Makeup?" Questions & Answers. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.chacha.com/question/what-did-the-egyptians-use-as-makeup>.

Makeup in Today’s World Cosmetics have been used since Egyptian times. They were also commonplace in Ancient

Greece and the Roman Empire. They were also commonplace in Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. The idea of using cosmetics to enhance the appearance has not changed since these times. People just wanted to make their faces appearances pop out. The only thing that has change is mostly women and some guys wear it. Make up has really changed from the reason it was made for. Nowadays people just want to be beauti-ful. With the makeup that we now have who can make the ugliest person on earth look like a princess. You have different thing form blush, mascara , eyeliner, concealer, foundation, eye shadow, lipstick, lip-gloss, liq-uid eyeliner, eyeful, and eyelash growth. These things will change a person completely from what the person what the Big Man in the sky wanted us to be. The cosmetics industry grew rapidly during the 1920s. It was the latest thing only women were using. It started to collide with fashion but then took over. People wanted to look different and beautiful so people used it. They also used it so they could get the acne off of their faces. Movie stars didn’t use it until 1914. The man who was selling it to them was man called Max Factor. He was a very wealthy man who had his own company. He moved from Lodz, Poland, to the United States, and four years later to Los Angeles, where he sells make-up to movie stars that does not cake or crack. Now you see that it makeup has gone a long way to success. Yes it is only for women but mostly men are the makeup business and economy. People have made it to the point even if the people are low class they will still wear makeup.

Max Factor crear la mayor compañía de Maquillaje fue creado por los egipcios

1999-The first ever Cosmetic Harmoni-zation and Interna-tional Cooperation meeting was held.

1990-Cosmetics go anti-wrinkle and anti-cellulite.

2002-Botox rides the wave of anti-ageing solutions

1950-Boom in luxury beauty in-dustry

2007-The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA) changes its name to the Personal Care Products Council ( the "Council"). The environmental health movement brings chal-lenges to the personal care prod-ucts and cosmetics industry.

"History of Cosmetics." Xtimeline.com. Apr.-May 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2011.

"COSMETICSINFO.ORG - Your Source for Safety Information about Cosmetics and Personal Care Products." COS-METICSINFO.ORG. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/history3.php>.

"History of Fashion - History of Cosmetics." Digital History. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/do_history/fashion/Cosmetics/cosmetics.html

Este maíz está siendo joven en com-paración con el

Have you ever wondered how they grow those two ton pumpkins you would see in a magazine or a county fair? Well it’s quite simple, they use genetic farm-ing. When they notice two pumpkins are considerably large they breed them together for an even bigger pump-kin. Genetic farming has been used throughout time to bring out certain traits in plants. Though it is much differ-ent now, it has been done since ancient times. For genetic farming to be explained I’m going to tell you the story of corn. Genetic farming is not very com-plicated. Normally plants are pollinated on of two ways. Some plants can pollinate them-selves. Another is there are pol-linated randomly by things like the wind, water, bees, and other animals. This gives normal plants a random set of genetic traits. But humans can intervene and choose specific traits from specific plants, this is genetic farming. When there is a specific trait that in two plants, they can take pollen from each and pollinate the other to bring out that trait. This can make the plant so much differ-ent than the original over time. Genetic farming is a great innovation to farming. It provides so much more food to the world. It can make plant grow faster, become bigger, fight diseases easier, more resistant to parasites, and even stay ripe longer. Over six thousand years ago the ancient Maya and Olmec cultivated a plant called Teosinte into the ancestor of the corn we have today. Teosinte is a small plant that has few and barely edible kernels on it. It was genetically bread

over and over again. It was made to grow taller and big-ger. A few more genetic traits brought out were to make it with more kernels, sweeter, and softer. This was the birth of corn. From what is now modern day México, corn spread throughout the Americas, and so did genetic farming. This diffusion did not happen very fast at all, due to poor com-munication, geographic boundaries. Corn was very popular through the Native American tribes. Although then it was still maize, because it was still different from corn today.

But almost all of the different Native American tribes had their own variety of corn, because of, you guessed it, genetic farming. They breed the corn mostly so it would be able to be harvested, in their spe-cific growing season.

Classes de maiz

El maíz llegó a partir de

una hierba salvaje

llamado teosinte.

3000 BCE

Los Maya y los

Olmec que cultivan

unos clases maiz

2500—1900 BCE

Los clases de

maiz difundio a

america

1700 to 1250 BCE

Tribus de nativo

americanos que cul-

tivan unos clases de

maiz

1000 BCE to 100

El maíz se difundio

en el mundo antiguo

a través de su se-gundo viaje de Co-

lón.

1493

In the Hispanic community genetic farming has

had a lasting effect. Brazil produces

about 2.8% of the world’s corn. Genetic

farming has made a big impact on corn,

but it has also impacted almost every

other commonly grown crop. It has also

impacted soybeans greatly. This affects

the Spanish community, because Brazil

produces about 27% of the world’s soybeans. The entire

economy of South America greatly relies on all of these

agricultural products.

So you thought those two ton pumpkins were

pretty interesting, right? Well those

would not be possible without genetic

farming. It all started with the story of

corn. Since its very origin genetic farming

was important and still is. Genetic farm-

ing is so important because it enables us

to feed so many more people world-

wide. The story of corn doesn’t seem so boring, does it?

Un gran campo de maíz

"Harvest of Fear." PBS. PBS. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/>. Kling, James. "Agricultural Ge-netic Engineering." The Why Files. Field of Genes. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://whyfiles.org/062ag_gene_eng/index.html>. Tenenbaum, David. "Genetically Engineered Food." The Why Files. The Why Files. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://whyfiles.org/shorties/gene_food.html>.

el

maize es mucho el exito

When Christopher Columbus got hold of this

thing called corn he took it back to the

old world. Corn in the Old World spread

to Europe. Then after that, it spread to

France, Italy to all the Southeastern

Europe and northern Africa. By 1575 it

made its way to western China, and be-

came very important to the Philippines

and the East Indies. It began to spread

all over the world, and by then everyone

was using it. Everyone is to believe that

Christopher Columbus discovered corn. Really

the Indians or Mayans had actually discovered

corn.

Back in the past, corn was ge-

netically modified by breeding teosinte

and a different plant to breed. Now in the

present, they use technology and chemi-

cals to make the corn better and tastier.

It genetic farming never existed, and

then the maize would be harming and

sickening. Corn in the past was very useful

and affordable. Genetically modified corn made a

major impact on the society, by

Doesn’t everyone have certain questions about corn? Have you

ever wondered where all of this Corn came

from? Who was the founder of corn? How

was corn transported to the New World?

How tall can corn be grown? Was corn al-

ways called ‘’corn’’? Was the New World the

last people to know about corn? How long

did it take for corn become very populated?

Most importantly, what year was corn first

genetically cloned or modified?

Corn, when first found came and

one main shape, size, and color. It was founded by the Mayans almost

7000 years ago. Corn was developed in central Mexico. Corn originated

from a wild grass called teosinte. The teosinte looked very different from

the corn in the present. The kernels were

small and not spaced so far apart like today’s

corn. Corn was called Maize named after the

Indians. The Mayans depended on corn as a

civilization of food.

From Mexico maize spread north

into the southern united states. It also went

south to the coast of Peru. Then the Mayans

traveled north to North America, and brought corn with them. Then Chris-

topher Columbus ( European) made some type of contact with people liv-

ing in North and South America. And he noticed that corn was a part of

their major diet. So then Christopher Columbus took is voy-

El maize des-cubrir en 1492

El maize encoun-ter manera la china por 1575

La Ustados Uni-dos crecio mucho el maize por 1880

La tecnologia crear el maize por 1940

Ustados unidos tener mucho de la agricultura por 2000

Empezar a expetimentar el maize es facil

el maize es encountrar en el Mexico

Camp Silos. "The Story of Corn - History Detective - In the Beginning." Welcome to the CampSilos Home Page. Camp Silos, Fall

2002-2009. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.campsilos.org/mod3/students/c_history.shtml>.

EWebsite.com. "Genetically Modified Crops." - History. EWebsite.com. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.gmcrops.ewebsite.com/

articles/history.html>.

Gibson, Lance. "Origin, History, and Uses of Corn (Zea Mays)." Origin, History and Uses of Corn. Lance Gibson & Garren Ben-

son, 11 Jan. 2002. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://www.agron.iastate.edu/courses/agron212/readings/corn_history.htm>.

Empezar a entender el-La agricultura genetica empieza por dos

Demonstrar el maize por diferente gene Por tres sufijo el maize madurar mucho

Esta imagen muestra el maíz orgánicoregu-

lares. Este maíz ha sido modificado genéticamente

Have you ever why there so many different types of plants and ani-mals? That’s because of genetic farming. Genetic farming is con-troversial because organic farmers don’t think that genetic farming is bad, Scientists are still trying to figure out what is wrong with ge-netic farming, most because the store bought vegetables and fruit taste like cardboard. Corn for an example is one of the most geneti-cally modified crops. Genetic En-gineering has become a big prob-lem in today’s world. But we are not just finding out about genetic farming this has been going on for centuries. Do you know what Genetic Farming is? Genetic Farming is alteration of the genetic code. Ge-netic Farming has been going since the Mayan area with Maize. Then in the mid-1800s Gregor Mandel took Revolutionized Ge-netic Farming. Gregor Mandel had token pollen off a plant and mixed it with the pea plant. At that mo-ment Gregor changed the world of Genetics forever.

People called Gregor Mendel the father of Genetics. Then in 1973 Stanley Cohan and Her-bert Boyer invented DNA clon-ing this started the birth of Ge-netic Engineering. One of the most geneti-cally modified crops is corn. People have messed or tam-pered with corn genes so that plants will be more immune to pests and pesticides. People who only eat organic food won’t even eat genetically modified foods because they think the best food is organic. If a person has a garden they grow their food organically. When a person grows there food the product might come out ugly but it’s still good. When the middleman goes and buys the products for the food he gets what looks the best for the store and shelves. The mid-dleman doesn’t get the ugly crops and what tastes good. That’s why people don’t eat the store bought crops.

Some reasons people have been genetically modifying corn is because the farmer wants the sweet-est corn. That’s why there are so many different corns like Popcorn, Tablesweet corn, Triple sweet corn, Hybrid sweet corn, and many more. Tesosinte is the home plant of corn. Farmers take that plant and pollinate it with different plants so that the corn gets sweeter. People think that genetically modified plants are dangerous. Sci-entist still hasn’t found out what is wrong with genetically modified plants. Genetically modified plants are good because the plants become disease resistance. The plant can have cold tolerance. The plant will have drought tolerance. The most important when the gets genetically modified the plants have more nutri-tion. In conclusion genetic farm-ing is a big issue today. But in my opinion Genetic farming is wrong. I think that because organic is greater gives me my nutrients. People should look more into genetic farm-ing. Next time when you go to the store look at what you eat. Just be-cause its ugly doesn’t mean it is nasty.

1866: Greg or Mendall, por muchos anos puede experi-entar con las plantas de guisantes, para,mezcla genética la ciencia.

1952: Alfred Hershey y martha chase demuestra por el parque tecnologia, el exito

1953: James Watson y Francis crick de-menstra la AND de doble helice.

1956: Arthur Korn-berg Demuestra y de la polimerasa, la enzima que cataliza la replicación del ADN.

1958: ellos empiezan en un experimento la zanahorian por el parque se clona

Azadi, Hossein, Peter Ho. “ Genetically Modified and Organic crops in developing countries: A review of options for food secu-

rity.”

Biotechnology Advances, 28.1(2010): 160-168.

Bellis, Mary. "Genetic Engineering - Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen." Inventors. 22 Mar. 2012 <http://inventors.about.com/

library/inventors/blgenetic.htm>.

Morin, Xenia. “Genetically Modified Food from crops: progress, pawns and possibilities.” Analytical & Bioanalytical chemistry,

392.3 (2008) : 333-340.

Qaim,M. “ The Economics of Genetically Modified Crops.” Annual Review of Resource Economics. 1.186010465 ( 2009): 665-

693.

.

Zachary Chadwick

The First Immunization 

Near the beginning of time, people have always wondered what things were. When you were a kid, of course you messed with things that you had no idea what it was. Maybe even a few times you may have gotten a little sick from wondering what things were. Before things were docu-mented, there were questions. There always were questions and there al-ways will be. But first off, you’re probably wondering ‘Who tested these questions?’ Well, you’ll find out in this short timeline.

Grade 9th

In ancient civilizations that set up the limits that we still use today in physics. Some of them were the most advanced people on Earth at their time. If you’ve heard of the Mayans, then you know how smart that they were for their time and ours. People had to come up with things that were usually called ‘Remedies’. They usually were natural substances from an animal or plant that have the chemicals already within it that were meant to ‘fight’, cure, and to clean an area or pain.

Diseases, along with many other things, were major problems. When cities were plagued by a disease that could be passed along just through contact, it was a big problem. People were sick, and some-times close to passing away. When malaria, was being caught from local insects, there had to be a study to cure it. Luckily, if caught on time, there was a way to kill the malaria parasite just in time to pre-vent it from destroying human cells. The Malaria parasite was com-mon along humid and damp places. It’s passed along through para-sites known today as ‘Mosquitos’.

1790’s Uno el vac-cucina viruela

1796 La primera vacunación del

mundo

1800’s 100.000 fueron vacunadas en Europa.

1803 Tecnología de la vacu-nación fue enviado

1905 Suprema de EE.UU. dictaminó decidido si va a realizar la

When it got to more modern times when the world was going to through a major transformation, it was the time when people were starting to think dif-ferently. It was when people finally realized that the world needed to change. People started thinking differently. So did the inventions and innovations. Medicinal items and theories have changed for the better. New ideas were thought of and tested. Most of the ideas proved to be affective and one of them just happened to be the first immunization.

The first immunization tested to be a wise idea and proved effec-tive. It was proved by Edward Jenner. The vaccine was tested for smallpox. He tested and proved it effective when everyone thought it would fail and that it had no thought behind it. Edward Jenner became a famous citizen that went down in history for helping and saving peoples’ lives. Without him, we wouldn’t be as far in medi-cal advancements that we are today.

When we look back that far in history, we think ‘I would never be able to make it’. Fact is, anyone could make it. People had it much harder in the golden age. History is a thing we learn from and something we look back upon as something to keep in mind and sometimes to commemorate and thank others for what they’ve done to make the world that it is today. From this, I hope you take things differently and look at the world in a dif-ferent perspective. The world is a great place.

Works Cited

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "History of Vaccine Safety." Centers for Disease Con-

trol and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 08 Feb. 2011. Web. 22 Mar.

2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Vaccine_Monitoring/history.html>.

Stern ; Markel, Minna ; Howard. "Health Affairs." The History Of Vaccines And Immunization: Fa-

miliar Patterns, New Challenges. University of Michigan, May 2005. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

<http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/24/3/611.full>.

"Vaccination." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination>.

How many of you get your annual shots? Have you ever wondered what the vaccine was? So what exactly are immunization and or a vac-cination and how has it evolved over time? Well, for starters an immu-nization is the process of becoming immune, which simply means to be protected from a disease. Many times you get your flu shot which is a vaccination for you to be immune to the flu disease. Most vaccinations however have side effects that you may notice right away or in the next few days. For example, the flu vaccine’s side effects consist of fevers, aches and possible irritation around the area where the shot was given. Vaccines and immunizations are a good way to stay healthy.

Immunizations began with Ed-ward Jenner’s in 1796 when he inoculated an eight year old boy named James Phipps in Berke-ley, England. This was the world’s first ever vaccine and it was strictly for small pox. The vaccine was made from the pus of a cowpox lesion on a milk-maid’s hand. The British Aristoc-racy personally praised and feted the immuni-zation. After his suc-cess in this discovery he had supplied the needed cowpox materi-als around the world and called himself the “The Vaccine Clerk to the World.”

In the summer of 1781-1782 the world’s first ever influenza pan-demic had occurred. The influenza disease was first acknowledged in Russia, but then advanced to the East and West. Instead of being spread by environmental factors like air currents, it was carried by contagion. It was not treated very often. Many people who did how-

ever treat there disease used traditional folk wisdom and herbal remedies. Eight-eenth century doctors did not usually try and cure the influenza, there main goal was to simply relieve the symptoms.

Creador de la primero vacuna

The largest Influenza pandemic occurred in 1918-1919. Fifty million people had died during this time period. It occurred in Western Europe, China, India, Northern Europe, Australia, and Southeast Asia. Most of the people thought that the germ called Pfeiffer’s bacillus was responsible. In the United States it was a symbol of official policy to wear gauze masks. No vaccine cured the disease, however most medicines eased the pain.

Vaccines have been spread throughout the world for many years. There will never be a stop to the epidemics and pandem-ics, but at least there will be cures for the most dangerous ones. Not every disease has a vaccine and not every disease can be cured. Discoveries are still being made throughout the world for new ways to help people in our disease filled earth.

posición en linea para un la gripe inyección

1781-1782 : El primero influenza pandemico em-piezar en 1781.

1796 : Edward Jen-ners crea el primero vacunación en el mundo.

1889-1890 : El Se-gundo influenza pan-demico es un la ventaja

1918-1919 : Cin-cueta milion gente morir desde el ter-cio influenza pandemico

1955 : Polio vacuna parar porque a doscientos niño's tener un enfermedad es un esantoso la desventaja para cinco de las y le es manufac-turar por Cutter Laboratorio en California

Works Cited

Hays, J. N. Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on

Human History. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO,

2005. Print.

Stern, Alexandra Minna, and Howard Markel. "Health

Affairs." The History Of Vaccines And Immuni-

zation: Familiar Patterns, New Challenges.

Web. 22 Mar. 2012. <http://

content.healthaffairs.org/content/24/3/611.full>.

Mona Lisa

Este Mona Lisa arte para crea "Apotheosis of Ven-

ice" by Veronese

La pintura tiene muchos colores

1401-1500-La gripe empieza

1450-Este in-vento fue una exito hecho crea

1452-Tora demuestra el arte

1801-1900-Renacimiento comienza

1500-El arte del Renacimiento comienza

During the Renaissance age a lot of things were going on and different influences were uprising such as art. Renaissance art directly affected people and society which was interesting. The way society views this innovation was also interesting. The art was becoming more than just a craft and time trans-formed for society.

Diffusion occurred by connecting people together. This innovation is being examined through what the art is and what it means. I also found out who painted in this style. Renaissance Art helps me see through my lens by how the culture was back then and kind of how this art changed it. I’m surprised by how much art could have an impact on people. Other examples of how this art had an effect on people were emotional. Renaissance patrons wanted art that showed joy in life. Artists painted very lifelike during the middle Ages. Then it had an effect on society because not only did it change it but it did things to culture. It brought back ancient traditions. An artist that was involved in this was Leonardo Da Vinci. He was one the first artists to paint like this during the Renaissance. Another painter who related to Leonardo was Giotto and he was from Flor-ence. So Renaissance Art was important because it was an innovation that changed its society. And then also the people and artists that were involved helped to that.

Works Cited Dowling, Mike. "Renaissance Art." At Mrdowling.com. Aug.-Sept. 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. <http://

www.mrdowling.com/704-art.html>. Kitchin, Maria Lacy. Apr.-May 2004. Web. 19 Mar. 2012. Wikipedia. "Renaissance Art." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Mar. 2012. Web. 17 Mar. 2012.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_art>.

Have any of you played the popular game As-

sassin’s Creed? How about reading the book by Dan

Brown called The Da Vinci Code that was also made

into a movie? If you have played Assassins Creed

Brotherhood you might remember scaling the walls

of Rome with Ezio. Rome was actually a large place

for Renaissance art. Areas like the Sistine chapel are

in the game and are famous for art. In The Da Vinci

Code Dan Brown had some of the story in the Louvre

an art museum in Paris. The book even tells some

clues on the art during the story, the Mona Lisa, and

the last supper for example. Why would I be men-

tioning these? Well if you have not caught on by now

I am going to talk about Renaissance art. Such as a

little on what they

did, then how it

affects us, and why

Now I know many people do not care

about such ancient things, but trust me

this impacted us more than people see.

There were a few main artists that stood

out in this eventful time. These men were

Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelan-

gelo the most famous I would say out of

the bunch. The artists must have seen

some way to make art better and well they

did. You see what is so special about ren-

aissance art is, that there was a new

method made. Artists such as these men

wanted to bring back the old roman art

and make something new. What they did

Ezio a pienso un imagen.

Louvre Museum

St. Michael Painting

There is a very large impact due to how the new tech-

nique showed artists a new way to make art. Over the

time period the pieces of history were stored in the

Louvre museum in Paris, France. You can see that

modern art has a touch of the old renaissance look.

Areas in Italy are having the most art from the period,

and there are a couple examples. The one that I know

is The Sistine chapel brings in people from the art of

Raphael, and Michelangelo. These places can also

bring tourism for money to those countries. This is a

I am sure that the largest question now would

be why we should care about this innovation.

Let’s take a look at all types of art and 3-D work

that plays a role in society today. The view of it

may be to some like a muddied lake, but others

see is as an amazing outlook for the renaissance

time. If you were an artist back then that saw

these old not interesting paintings, you might

have said let’s do something different. These

artists changed the way art was perceived, and

gave the church something to support a bit too.

In conclusion, all of what I have spoken of is

important. The history was to give you a bit of a

recap on what was done. How this helps today’s

society was that there is tourism, and that peo-

ple can see these famous masterpieces. Finally

we find out how this innovation affected us to-

day in another way, which was the technique.

Imagine what the world of art would be like

without the statues, buildings, and paintings

Works Cited Esaak, Shelly. "Art History 101 - The Renaissance."

About.com Art History. About.com. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/gen_ren.htm>.

Graham-Dixon, Andrew. Renaissance. Berkeley: Uni-versity of California, 1999. Print.

"Renaissance Art." History.com. A&E Television Net-works. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/renaissance-art>.

Empieza pintar el arte es difícil.

1417 El arte encuen-

tren por el año1417.

1434-1492 Medici familia ayuda para el arte.

15th-16th century Artista exito el arte .

1600 Muchos sigue por el arte.

1793 El Louvre museo demo-star famoso cuadros, por muchos años.

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