2012 Affect and Emotion-Oriented Systems
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Transcript of 2012 Affect and Emotion-Oriented Systems
Affect and Emotion-Oriented Systems
Human-Computer Interaction
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
“I believe that logic + emotion are a winning combination. When useful and useable meet delight
great things happen. It’s about balance.” David Armano
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sskennel/
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
What are emotions, feelings and the other affect related concepts ?
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Definition: “Affect is a feeling or emotion as distinguished from cognition, thought, or action.”
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
“Emotion encompasses physiological, affective, behavioral, and cognitive components.”
Scott Brave & Clifford Nass, 2008
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
“Emotion is a reaction to events deemed relevant to the needs, goals, or concerns of an individual.”
Scott Brave & Clifford Nass, 2008
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Four systems for emotion activation: Cognitive and noncognitive processes. By Izard, Carroll E. Psychological Review, Vol 100(1), Jan 1993, 68-90.
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
neurological structure of emotion (LeDoux, 1996)
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion versus mood
moods are not directed at any object in particular and are
experienced as more diffuse, global, and general state
a person can be sad about something - an emotion or generally depressed - a mood
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion versus mood
An emotion can lead to or take part in establishing a certain mood
Sadness (& other factors) depression
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion versus feeling
Feelings relate more to a property associated to and object or being,
than to a person’s state of mind.
Feeling last more (days/weeks/years) than emotions (seconds) or moods (hours / days)
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion versus feeling
Feelings are often pointed towards a class of objects, beings
distinguishable through a certain property
“I love Adobe CS applications!”
“I hate text-editing applications”
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion and memory
negative events, which tend to be highly arousing, are
typically remembered better than positive events
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion and performance
keeping a user happy may, therefore,
not only affect satisfaction, but may also lead to efficiency and creativity
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
A Circumplex model of affect (Russell, 1980).
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Russell’s circumplex remodeled (Desmet, 2002; van Gorp, 2006)
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion dimensions
Value
pleasant versus unpleasant
Arousal (psychological)
anxiety versus boredom
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Anxiety, Boredom and Flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; van Gorp 2006)
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Flow
Achieving the desired state and keeping the user in that state is our goal.
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Humane interfaces consider emotions
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
“Products were once designed for the functions they performed. But when all companies can make products that perform their functions equally well, the distinctive advantage goes to those who provide pleasure and enjoyment while maintaining the power. If functions are equated with cognition, pleasure is equated with emotion; today we want products that appeal to both cognition and emotion.”
Don Norman
“The Transmedia Design Challenge: Technology that is Pleasurable and Satisfying”, ACM Interactions Volume 17 Issue 1, January + February 2010
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://getsatisfaction.com/spotify/topics/when_will_we_have_a_blackberry_client
http://satisfaction.mint.com/mint/topics/account_classifications_we_need_ability_to_change_them
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://satisfaction.mint.com/mint/topics/account_classifications_we_need_ability_to_change_them
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local-beat/Frank_lloyd-wright-fallingwater-lego.html
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
It’s all nice, tidy and easy to understand right ?
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
It’s all nice, tidy and easy to understand right ?
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Wishful thinking
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Where’s the problem ?
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
A few Problems
1. Detecting Emotions 2. Labeling Emotions 3. Processing Emotions 4. Obtrusive interface
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
1. Detecting Emotions
Neurological responses
via electroencephalography (EEG) or magneto‐resonance imaging (MRI)
User input
Facial expression Voice
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
http://www.emotiv.com/
based on electroencephalography (EEG) technology
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
“Lie to me”– Tv show http://www.imdb.com/media/rm817007104/tt1235099
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
METT – Micro Expression Training Tool SETT – Subtle Expression Training Tool
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Asking our user how he feels.
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Detecting emotions in an Emotion-Oriented system
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
2. Labeling Emotions
Which are basic emotions ?
Group Emotions Mixed versus pure emotions
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://wefeelfine.org/ 12 million human emotions recorded since 2005 (2009 statement)
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Emotion-Oriented Systems The Humaine Handbook, Springer 2011
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Basic emotions
anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Labeling emotions
Labeling is important but not for a machine
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
A label for the machine is a x,y coordinate on the circumplex.
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Proposal of labeling emotions
FeelTagged an Arduino-based Social-Emotional Interactive System – Stefan Negru 2010
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
3. Processing emotions
Is it a mood/feeling/emotion ? What category/dimension ?
Multiple and/or complex emotions Emotion intensity, timing and context observed ?
etc.
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Annotating emotions
<emotionml xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2009/10/emotionml">
<emotion>
<dimensions set="PleasantAnxiety">
<pleasant value="1.3"/> <!—- somewhat positive pleasant state -->
<anxiety value="1.9"/> <!-- very high positive anxiety -->
<modality set="PersonalContext" mode="face voice" medium="visual acoustic"/>
</dimensions>
</emotion>
</emotionml>
EmotionML http://www.w3.org/TR/emotionml/
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
5. Have an unobtrusive interface
Providing a useful, easy to understand and adaptive interface –
secondary goal
Unobtrusive interface- primary goal
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion and attention
an interface capable of detecting, or predicting a user’s
emotional or mood state could similarly assume an affect‐regulation role, helping to guide attention away from
negative and toward more positive stimuli
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
emotion and attention
Disregarding the flow state
“This system failed to understand your command.” – blaming itself “The command was not understood.” – blaming no one “You did not speak clearly enough for your command to be understood.” – blaming the user
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Affective based interaction
Affective aspects of interaction (Rogers, 2007)
frustration
how we can detect and reduce it?
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Affective based interaction
Affective aspects of interaction (Rogers, 2007)
persuasive technologies
how we can change the user attitude & behavior by using the actual technologies?
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://www.happypills.es/
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
affective interaction
example: a robot hardware platform called iCAT uses a set of logical rules to convey emotional states as it makes decisions, with the goal of improving human-robot interaction Philips Research Laboratory 2005
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://www.research.philips.com/
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://pleoworld.com/
Pleo is an animatronic dinosaur toy designed to emulate the appearance and (imagined) behavior of a week-old baby Camarasaurus.
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
http://blog.youeye.com/youeye-announces-webcam-emotion-tracking
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Ethical aspects
The goal is not to control people actions but to support them in order to improve their emotional state and to provide a better interaction
based on the user’s emotional state
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Dark side of emotions
Humans could have an offensive behavior regarding the digital entities
www.agentabuse.org
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Dark side of emotions
Humans could have an offensive behavior regarding the digital entities
example (Tatsuya Nomura, 2005):
impolite behavior of the patients,
when they discovered that the therapist is a virtual agent
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Dark side of emotions
Humans could have an offensive behavior regarding the digital entities
experiment (Christoph Bartneck et al., 2005):
humans tend to hurt more easily robots/devices
than people
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Unobtrusive versus Informative
Should users be informed that their affective states are being monitored and adapted to ?
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Master on Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru – www.blankdots.com
Questions