2012 09 03 Resource Scheduling

98

Resource Scheduling

I.K. Gunarta

Jurusan Teknik Industri - ITS

Project network times are not

a schedule until resource

availiability has been assured

99

Sasaran Belajar

• Mengetahui tipe-tipe kendala proyek.

• Mengetahui jenis kendala-kendala sumber proyek.

• Mengetahui klasifikasi permasalahan penjadwalan proyek.

• Memahami metode alokasi sumber daya.

• Memahami spliting dan multitasking.

• Memahami pendekatan rantai kritis.

• Mengetahui manfaat-manfaat penjadwalan proyek.

Setelah mempelajari bab ini, diharapkan siswa dapat:

100

Materi

• Konsep dasar penjadwalan

sumberdaya

• Macam kendala proyek

• Klasifikasi permasalahan dalam

penjadwalan

• Teknis penjadwalan proyek

• Contoh dan latihan penjadwalan

sumber daya pada proyek

101

Latar Belakang

• Hampir selalu lebih banyak proyek atau aktivitas dibandingkan dengan sumber daya yang tersedia

• Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana memilih proyek yang memberikan kontribusi terbaik terhadap tujuan perusahaan dengan kendala-kendala sumber daya yang ada

• Jika penjadwalan proyek menggunakan komputer, dampak dari adanya proyek yang baru dengan cepat dapat dikenali

102

Permasalahan

• Apakah tenaga kerja yang ditugaskan dan/atau peralatan memadai dan tersedia untuk menangani proyek?

• Apakah kontraktor dari luar harus digunakan?

• Apakah ada dependensi sumber daya yang tak terduga? Apakah ada jalur kritis baru?

• Seberapa banyak fleksibilitas yang kita miliki dalam penggunaan sumber daya?

• Apakah batas waktu yang ada masih realistis untuk dicapai?

• Jika proyek lain ditambahkan pada proyek yang sudah berjalan atau yang masih direncanakan, apakah akan menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam proyek saya?

103

The Resource Problem

• Resources and Priorities

– Project network times are not a schedule

until resources have been assigned.

• The implicit assumption is that resources will be

available in the required amounts when

needed.

•Adding new projects requires making realistic

judgments of resource availability and project

durations.

– Cost estimates are not a budget

until they have been time-phased. 8–103

104

Project Planning Process

8–104

FIGURE 8.1

105

Types of Project Constraints

• Technical or logic constraints

– Usually address the sequence in which project

activities must occur.

• Resource constraints

– When the availability of resource lower than

required

• Physical Constraints

– Ex : renovation of ship compartment might allow

only one person to perform an activity because

of space limitations.

106

Pour Frame Roof

Design Code Test Te

ch

nic

al

co

ns

tra

ints

Plan

Purchase

refreshments

Reception Decorate

hall

Hire band

Re

so

urc

e c

on

str

ain

ts

Plan Hire band Decorate

hall

Purchase

refreshments Reception

107

Kinds of Resource Constraints

PEOPLE

MATERIAL EQUIPMENT

WORKING CAPITAL

108

Classification of Scheduling Problem

• Time Constrained

– Test : if the critical path is delayed, will

resources be added to get back on

schedule?

– If the answer is yes, assume the project is

time constrained; if no, assume the

project is resource constrained.

• Resource Constrained

– The level of resource available cannot be

exceeded.

109

Priority Rules

• Minimum Slack

• Smallest Duration

• Lowest Activity Identification Number

110

2 B 8

2 2 2

4 6 10

2 C 6

0 2 0

2 4 6

2 D 4

6 1 6

8 2 10

0 A 2

0 2 0

0 2 2

ES ID EF

SL RES SLK

LS DUR LF

6 F 10

0 1 0

6 4 10

10 G 12

0 1 0

10 2 12

6 E 8

2 1 2

8 2 10

Legend

Time Constrained Network

A 2 2

B 2 6

C 2 4

D 1 2

E 1 2

F 1 4

G 1 2

Total Resource Load

2

2

2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 5 5 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1


ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0

2

6

6

10

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

2

0

6

2

0

0

A 2 2

B 2 6

C 2 4

D 1 2

E 1 2

F 1 4

G 1 2

Total Resource Load

2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 1


1 1

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2

2

0

2

6

6

10

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

2

0

6

2

0

0

0

A 2 2

B 2 6

C 2 4

D 1 2

E 1 2

F 1 4

G 1 2

Total Resource Load

2


2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1

2 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 1 1

1 1

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2

2

0

2

6

6

10

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

2

0

0

2

0

0

0

114

Resource Constrained Schedule

2 B 8

2 2 2

4 6 10

2 C 6

0 2 0

2 4 6

2 D 4

6 1 6

8 2 10

0 A 2

0 2 0

0 2 2

ES ID EF

SLK RES SLK

LS DUR LF

6 F 10

0 1 0

6 4 10

10 G 12

0 1 0

10 2 12

6 E 8

2 1 2

8 2 10

Legend

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

2

2

6

6

10

2

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

0

0

0

6

2

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 5 5 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Resource Constrained Schedule

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

2

2

6

6

10

2

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

0

0

0

6

2

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 5 5 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Resource Constrained Schedule Periode 0-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

• Hanya ada satu aktivitas

yang dapat dijadwalkan

pada waktu ke 0-1 (A)

• Jadwalkan aktivitas A.

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

2

2

6

6

10

2

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

0

0

0

6

2

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 5 5 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


0

1

2

3

4

5

• Hanya ada satu aktivitas

yang dapat dijadwalkan

pada waktu ke 0-1 (A)

• Aktivitas A telah

terjadwal.

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

3

2

6

6

10

2

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

0

0

0

6

1

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


0

1

2

3

4

5 • Ada 3 (tiga) aktivitas yang

harus dijadwalkan pada

periode 2-3.

• Aktivitas C memiliki slack

terendah, jadwalkan aktivitas

C.

• Aktivitas berikutnya yg

memiliki slack terendah

adalah B, tapi resource yg

tersedia hanya 3. Jadwalkan

aktivitas C dan geser B satu

hari.

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

3

2

6

6

10

2

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

0

0

0

6

1

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2

0

1

2

3

4

5 • Ada 3 (tiga) aktivitas yang

harus dijadwalkan pada

periode 2-3.

• Aktivitas C memiliki slack

terendah, jadwalkan aktivitas

C.

• Aktivitas berikutnya yg

memiliki slack terendah

adalah B, tapi resource yg

tersedia hanya 3. Jadwalkan

aktivitas C dan geser B satu

hari.

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

4

2

6

6

10

2

2

10

6

10

10

10

12

0

0

0

0

6

0

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2

2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 1 1 0 0

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

5

2

6

6

11

2

2

11

6

10

10

10

13

0

0

-1

0

6

-1

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2

2 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 0

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

6

2

6

6

12

2

2

12

6

10

10

10

14

0

0

-2

0

6

-2

2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2 2

2 2 3 3 2 2 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

6

2

7

6

12

2

2

12

6

10

10

10

14

0

0

-2

0

6

-2

1

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 2 1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2 2

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

6

2

8

6

10

2

2

12

6

10

10

10

12

0

0

0

0

6

-2

0

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2 2

2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 1 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

6

2

9

6

12

2

2

12

6

10

11

10

14

0

0

-2

0

6

-2

-1

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1

1 1 1 1

1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2 2

1

2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 1 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

6

2

10

6

12

2

2

12

6

10

12

10

14

0

0

-2

0

6

-2

-2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2 2

1 1

2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

6

2

10

6

13

2

2

12

6

10

12

10

14

0

0

-2

0

6

-2

-2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2 2

1 1

2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Total Resource Load

Resource Available

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

6

4

2

2

4

2

0

6

2

10

6

12

2

2

12

6

10

12

10

14

0

0

-2

0

6

-2

-2

ID RES DUR ES LF TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


2 2 2 2

1 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

131

Resource Constrained Schedule through Period 5-6

6 B 12

0 2 0

6 6 12

2 C 6

0 2 0

2 4 6

2 D 4

2 1 2

4 2 6

0 A 2

0 2 0

0 2 2

ES ID EF

SLK RES SLK

LS DUR LF

6 F 10

0 1 0

6 4 10

12 G 14

0 1 0

12 2 14

10 E 12

0 1 0

10 2 12

Legend

132

Original Network Plan

2 6 7

8 2A 8

10 5 15

2 4 5

4 2C 4

6 3 9

4 5 9

0 2C 0

4 5 9

0 2 3

6 1A 6

6 3 9 9 8 12

0 2B 0

9 3 12

14 10 16

1 2A 1

15 2 179 7 14

1 2B 1

10 5 15

0 1 2

4 1A 4

4 2 6

0 3 4

0 2B 0

0 4 4

4 9 7

5 2A 5

9 3 12

12 11 17

0 2C 0

12 5 17

ES ID EF

SLK RES SLK

LS DUR LF

Legend

Resources

available,

2 each of

A, B, C

Original Network Plan

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

S 0 6 S S S S S S

3 S 8 7

4 5 11 S S

10 2

1

15 16 17 18 19 20

A

B

C

Resource loading chart

ACT ES LS EF LF Slack

1 0 4 2 6 4

2 0 6 3 9 6

3 0 0 4 4 0

4 2 6 5 9 4

5 4 4 9 9 0

6 2 10 7 15 8

7 9 10 14 15 1

8 9 9 12 12 0

9 4 9 7 12 5

10 14 15 16 17 1

11 12 12 17 17 0

Plan schedule ACT RES ESR LSR EFR LFR Slack

1 1A 0 0 2 2 0

2 1A 0 7 3 10 7

3 2B 0 1 4 5 1

4 2C 2 2 5 5 0

5 2C 5 5 10 10 0

6 2A 7 13 12 18 6

7 2B 13 13 18 18 0

8 2B 10 10 13 13 0

9 2A 4 10 7 13 6

10 2A 18 18 20 20 0

11 2C 13 15 18 20 2

New resource schedule

134

Splitting/Multitasking

Activity duration without splitting

Activity duration split into three segments—A, B, C

Activity A Activity B Activity C

Activity A Activity B Activity C

Startup Shutdown

Activity duration split with shutdown and startup

Responsibility Matrix for a

Market Research Project

Task Richard Dan Dave Linda Elizabeth

Identify target customers R S S

Develop draft questionnaire R S S

Pilot-test questionnaire R S

Finalize questionnaire R S S S

Print questionnaire R

Prepare mailing labels R

Mail questionnaires R

Receive and monitor returned questionnaires R S

Input response data R

Analyze results R S S

Prepare draft of report S R S S

Prepare final report R S

Project team R = Responsible

S = Supports/assists

136

Responsibility Matrix for the Computer

Controlled Conveyor Belt Project

Deliverables

Design Develop-

ment

Documen-

tation

Assembly Testing Purchas-

ing

Quality

assurance

Manufac-

turing

Architechural design 1 2 2 3 3

Hardware specifications 2 1 2 3

Kernal specifications 1 3 3

Utilities specification 2 1 3

Hardware design 1 3 3 3

Disk drivers 3 1 2

Memory management 1 3 3

Operating system documentation 2 2 1 3

Prototypes 5 4 1 3 3 3 4

Integrated acceptance test 5 2 2 1 5 5

Organization

Legend

1 Responsible 2 Support

3 Consult 4 Notification

5 Approval

8–137

Direct Labor Budget

Rollup ($000)

FIGURE 8.12

8–138

Time-Phased Work Package Budget (Labor Cost Only)

FIGURE 8.13

8–139

Two Time-Phased Work Packages (Labor Cost Only)

FIGURE 8.14

8–140

Patient Entry Project Network

FIGURE 8.15

8–141

Patient Entry Time-Phased Work Packages Assigned

FIGURE 8.16

8–142

CEBOO Project Monthly Cash Flow Statement

FIGURE 8.17

8–143

CEBOO Project Weekly Resource Usage Schedule

FIGURE 8.18

2012 09 03 Resource Scheduling

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