2012-03-06 Open Education and Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis
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Transcript of 2012-03-06 Open Education and Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis
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studentpirgs.org
Open Education and Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis
Open Education WeekMarch 2012 • #openeducationwk
Nicole AllenThe Student PIRGs
www.studentpirgs.org/[email protected]
twitter @txtbks
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studentpirgs.org
“Student loan debt outpaced credit card debt for the first time last year and is likely to top a trillion dollars this year.”
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studentpirgs.org
Textbooks cost HOWmuch???
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studentpirgs.org
$224.9
5
Popular
Calculus
Textbook
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studentpirgs.org
Popular
PhysicsTextbook
$234.7
3
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studentpirgs.org
$255.9
5
Popular
Econ 101
Textbook
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studentpirgs.org
The current system is
broken
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studentpirgs.org
Course materials and supplies cost
$1168 per year
- College Board
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studentpirgs.org
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
1989 1994 1999 2004 2009
Textbooks vs. Inflation
Textbooks
Inflation
Prices are rising
4 times
inflation
- Student PIRGs
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studentpirgs.org
26% of tuition @ public 4-year
72% of tuition @ comm. College
- GAO
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studentpirgs.org
7 in 10 students surveyed hadn’t bought a required text due to cost
- Student PIRGs
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studentpirgs.org
used 5th edition
$81.78
6th Edition
$224.95
Unnecessary
New Editions
Publisher Practices
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studentpirgs.org
$213.95
with CengageNOW Personal Tutor CD, Student Study Guide, InfoTrac 2-Semester Printed Access Card
StatisticsCostly
Bundles
Publisher Practices
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studentpirgs.org
Limited
E-Books
$142.95only
Publisher Practices
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studentpirgs.org
Single-Use
Access Codes
Publisher Practices
Buyback
$0
Price$229.95
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studentpirgs.org
FAILMarket Failure
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studentpirgs.org
Producer
Consumer
Normal Market
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studentpirgs.org
Publisher
Student Professor
Market Failure
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studentpirgs.org
Rx Drug Company
Patient Doctor
Another Market Failure
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studentpirgs.org
“More ways to save than ever before”
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studentpirgs.org
Used Books• 75% the new
cost in the bookstore
• 60% of the new cost online
• Buy from from friends, classmates
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studentpirgs.org
Renting• 40% of the new
cost per semester
• Online or on campus (new)
• Up-front savings, no buyback blues
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studentpirgs.org
E-Books• 50% of the new
cost (in print)
• Usually a 180-day subscription
• Some limits on printing and access
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studentpirgs.org
E-Readers• Many different
devices available
• Cost $379- $1000+
• Additional cost for content
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studentpirgs.org
Used Books
Rentals
E-Books
E-Readers
25%
61%
52%
39%
Average Savings
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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studentpirgs.org
66%Keep Some
34%Rent All
75%Prefer print
25%Prefer digital
Student Preferences
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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studentpirgs.org
E-Readers
E-Books
Rentals
1%
8%
33%
Maximum Savings
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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studentpirgs.org
We can do better than that.
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studentpirgs.org
OER
OpenEducationalResources
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studentpirgs.org
“Educational materials offered under a license allowing the public to freely use, adapt and
distribute the content”
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studentpirgs.org
OERAssessments
Homework Syllabi
Exercises
Lecture Notes
Labs
Video
s
TextbooksTutorials
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studentpirgs.org
What does “open” actually mean?
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studentpirgs.org
Open Licensing
All Rights Reserved
Some Rights
Reserved
No Rights Reserved
Standard OpenPublic
Domain
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studentpirgs.org
Open Licensing
Rights:• Freely use the work• Adapt, remix, revise the content• Create and distribute copies
Conditions:• All: Credit the author• Some: Share under same license• Some: Use must be not for profit
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studentpirgs.org
Open LicensingSystem of standardized open
licenseswww.creativecommons.org
Attribution (BY)
Attribution Share-Alike (BY-SA)
Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike (BY-NC-SA)
Attribution No Derivs (BY-ND)
Attribution Non-Commercial(BY-NC)
Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivs (BY-NC-ND)
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studentpirgs.org
Open Textbooks
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studentpirgs.org
$0 pdf
Open
PhysicsTextbook
OpenStaxCollege.org
$41
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studentpirgs.org
Open
Calculus
TextbookOpenTextBookStore.
org $0 pdf$12
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studentpirgs.org
Open
Econ 101
TextbookFlatWorldKnowledge.c
om$35
pdf$0 html$45
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studentpirgs.org
Criteria 1: Quality
• Covers similar content, with exercises and illustrations
• Written and reviewed by experts
• Used at Harvard, Caltech, UCLA…
Open Textbooks
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studentpirgs.org
Criteria 2: Cost
• Freely available online to everyone
• Downloadable and printable at a low cost
• Hard copies typically cost $20-40 and can be sold at the bookstore
Open Textbooks
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studentpirgs.org
Criteria 3: Fit• Open license allows instructors
to adapt the text to fit the class
• Update in real time (but no unnecessary new editions)
Open Textbooks
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studentpirgs.org
Maximum Savings
E-Readers
E-Books
Rentals
Open Textbooks
1%
8%
33%
80%
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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studentpirgs.org
$10,114$75,000 401(k) after 40 years
$20,115Down Payment On First Home
$24,5754 Years Tuition At Iowa State
401(k)
Economics90 Students
Calculus150 Students
Physics185 Students
Savings from switching to open textbooks.
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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studentpirgs.org
Publisher
Student Professor
Broken
Market
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studentpirgs.org
Publisher
Student Professor
Open
Textb
ooks
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studentpirgs.org
What’s the catch?
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studentpirgs.org
There isn’t one.** Obviously there are still some challenges.
What’s the catch?
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studentpirgs.org
Individuals• Wider distribution
of work
• Sabbatical projects
• Personal motivation
OER Models
Robert Beezer
“The world didn’t need another linear algebra book. It needed a free one.”
linear.ups.edu
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studentpirgs.org
Institutions• Pool resources
with other colleges with similar needs
• Provide support to faculty who use OER
• Pass OER policies
OER Models
Community College Consortium for OER
More than 200 colleges working to review, create and promote OER.
oerconsortium.org
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studentpirgs.org
OER Models
University of Minnesota
Creating an online catalog of reviewed open textbooks, and providing support to faculty
open.umn.edu
Institutions• Pool resources
with other colleges with similar needs
• Provide support to faculty who use OER
• Pass OER policies
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studentpirgs.org
OER Models
UMASS Amherst Libraries
Provided small grants to faculty to help transition to OER, saved students $72,000 per year!
open.umn.edu
Institutions• Pool resources
with other colleges with similar needs
• Provide support to faculty who use OER
• Pass OER policies
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studentpirgs.org
Foundations• Grants or prizes to
OER authors
• Support the development of sustainable models
OER Models
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studentpirgs.org
Government• Invest in
“generic” OER content that can be localized
• Require open license for all taxpayer funded resources
OER Models
WA recently launched OER library for its 81 largest courses.
The 1st year will save students $1.3 million.
opencourselibrary.org
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studentpirgs.org
Government• Invest in
“generic” OER content that can be localized
• Require open license for all taxpayer funded resources
OER Models
US Dept. of Labor created $2 billion grant program to improve job training.
The first wave of grants required a CC BY license on all materials created.
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studentpirgs.org
OER Models
Non-profit publishing effort (Rice Univ.)
Grant funding and support from for-profit partners.
OpenStaxCollege.org
Publishers• Lots of room for
improvement on traditional model
• Business models built around books rather than on them
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studentpirgs.org
Publishers• Lots of room for
improvement on traditional model
• Business models built around books rather than on them
OER Models
Commercial open textbook publisher
Revenue (incl. royalties) from selling optional print copies, study aids.
flatworldknowledge.com
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studentpirgs.org
Student PIRGs campaign 2003-
2012
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studentpirgs.org
Exposing the ProblemCampaign
Activities
• 8 studies on various elements of the issue
• 1,000+ media hits over the last 8 years
• Congressional investigation
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studentpirgs.org
Organizing FacultyCampaign Activities
• 700 prof letter on new editions
• UCLA math dept negotiated 25% cut
• 23-campus Calstate faculty resolution
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studentpirgs.org
Price Disclosure LawsCampaign Activities
• Passed laws in WA, OR, CT, AZ, CA (sort of)
• Passed federal law in 2008, took effect Jul 1, 2010
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studentpirgs.org
Higher Education Opportunity Act• Publishers must disclose
prices to professors
• Publishers must offer books unbundled
• Colleges must list books during registration
Price Disclosure Laws
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studentpirgs.org
Promote AlternativesCampaign Activities
• 3,000 profs signed statement endorsing open textbooks
• Student “marketing” force met with over 2,000 professors
• Open textbook catalog
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studentpirgs.org
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studentpirgs.org
Questions/Discussion
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studentpirgs.org
Open Education and Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis
Open Education WeekMarch 2012 • #openeducationwk
Nicole AllenThe Student PIRGs
www.studentpirgs.org/[email protected]
twitter @txtbks