Automation with

PLC/SCADA Name-suresh

choudhary ID. NO -

2011uec13161

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What Is Automation?

• Automation a delegation of human control functions to technical equipment for increased productivity, reduced cost and increased safety conditions.

• Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience.

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Impact Of Automation

It speeds up the developmental processes of the society.

It increases production.

Extreme industrialization

Replacement of human labor with machines.

Makes life dependent on latest gadgets and equipments

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Types of Automation

Types of Automation Applications

1.Home Automation Air Conditioner, Geyser, Washing

machine etc.

2.Office Automation FAX, Printers etc.

3.Building Automation Automatic Car Parking, Elevator

etc.

4.Industrial Automation Automation in whole plant.

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Automation Tools

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Different types of automation tools exist are

• SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

• PLC - Programmable Logic Controller

Basic Components Of Automation

• Field Sensors

• Junction Box

• Control Hardware and Control System

• SCADA

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Field Sensors• Sense the parameter and send the analog & digital

signal to the control hardware

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Process Variables Sensors

Temperature RTD, Thermocouple, Thermistor

Pressure Borden Tube, Bellows, Strain

Gauge

Flow Pitot Tube

Displacement LVDT, RVDT

Control Hardware

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Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID)

CNC

PC Based

PLC

DCS

Control hardware consist of different types of controllers which are as follows:

Block Diagram of a Control System

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PB1

LS1

INPUTSM1

M2R

LOGIC OUTPUTS

M1

SOL

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Introduction to PLC

• A PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes like control of machinery on factory assembly line.

• It was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control.

• The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs.

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Basic Components of PLC

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Central Processing Unit• Made of a microprocessor & a memory system

• Reads the input, executes logic, performs calculations & controls the outputs accordingly

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Input Modules

• Act as interface between real-time status of process variable and the CPU.

Analog input module:

RTD (Ohm)

Thermocouple (mV)

Digital input module:

Switches

Pushbuttons

Relays 15

Output Modules

• Act as link between the CPU and the output devices in the field.

Analog output module : Control Valve Motor

Digital output module : Solenoid Valves lamps

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Power Supply

• Converts the incoming voltage to a useable

form for the internal electronics

• Protects the PLC ‘s components from voltage

spikes

• Operates either on 120VAC/ 240 VAC/ 24VDC

• Isolation transformer - take care of shielding

from Drives, ensure proper earthing.

Programming Interface

• Personal Computer

– Run PLC Programming Software

– It creates, edits, document, store and troubleshoot ladder diagrams, and generates printed reports

• Hand Held Programmer

– Mainly a troubleshooting tool.

– On factory floor you can modify, store and transfer the program to multiple machines

These products communicate with the PLC through a RS232

PLC Signal Flow

Programming Terminal

O:0/7

O:0/7

O:1/5

Output ModulesProcessor MemoryInput Module

Input DevicesLadder Program

O:0/7

O:1/5

I:0/6

I:1/4

O:1/5

I:0/6

I:1/4

I:0/6

I:1/4

Data InputImage Table

OutputImage Table

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TOOLS FOR LADDER PROGRAMMING

• Bit Instructions

• Timers

• Counters

• Compare Block

• Mathematical Operators

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Bit Instructions• Input NC Bit

• Input NO Bit

• Output Bit

• Binary Latch Bit

• Binary Unlatch Bit

• OSR Bit21

TIMERSTIMER NAME PURPOSE

Timer on delay (TON) Counts time base intervals when instructions is true.

Timer off delay (TOF) Counts time base intervals when instruction is false.

Retentive Time On (RTO)

Counts time base intervals when instruction is true and retains the accumulated value when instruction goes false.

CountersCOUNTER NAME PURPOSE

1. Count Up (CTU) Increments the accumulated value at each false to true transition and retain the accumulated value when instruction goes false.

2. Count Down (CTD)

decrements the accumulated value at each false to true transition and retain the accumulated value when instruction goes false.

3. Reset (RES) Resets the accumulated value and status bits of a timer and counter. Do not use with TOF timers.

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WHAT IS SCADA?

• SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition. As the name indicates it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level

• A SCADA program normally runs on a PC and communicates with external instrumentation and control devices.

• It’s an optional device used in automation for continuous monitoring. 25

Features

Dynamic Process Graphics

Real Time & Historical Trends

Alarms

Recipe Management

Security

Device Connectivity

Scripts26

Product VendorsS.NO. COMPANY PRODUCT

1. Siemens (26%) WinCC (Windows

Control Centre)

2. Allen Bradley (14%) RSView (Rockwell

Software)

3. Modicon Vijeo Citect

4. Intelluation Fix Dynamics

5. WonderWare Intouch

6. GE(General

Electricity)

Cimplicity

7. KPIT Astra

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Creating An Application InTouch

Steps in creating an application includes:

Create an applicationCreate the window in which

application will runCreating graphics images of different

parts of our processBreathing life into graphicsRunning the application

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Creating An Application

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Creating A New Window

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Creating Graphic Objects

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Breathing Life To Graphics

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