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Transcript of 20110124160937 M Sc Envrionment Science
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PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA)(Estted. under the Panjab Univerasity Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India)
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
SYLLABI
FOR
M.Sc. ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE
(SEMESTER SYSTEM)
EXAMINATIONS 2011 - 2012
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M.Sc. (Environment Science)Outlines of the Tests, Syllabi & Courses of Reading for M. Sc (Environment Science)
1st to 4th Semester for the Session 2011-2012.
Semester -1
(T+P)
Paper-I ENV-6101 Geo-Environment and Meteorological Science 100+25Paper-II ENV-6102 Ecological Principles 100+25
Paper-III ENV-6103 Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology 100+25
Paper-IV ENV-6104 Environmental Impact Assessment andAuditing
100+25
Semester -2
Paper-I ENV-6201 Conservation of Life Support Systems 100+25
Paper-II ENV-6202 Environmental Analysis: Techniques and
Instrumentation100+25
Paper-III ENV-6203 Environmental Technology 100+25
Paper-IV ENV-6204 Solid Waste Management and Techniques 100+25
Each semester shall comprise of 4 Papers, each of 125 marks and a total of 500
marks per semester.
Except for the Seminars and Projects, Each paper shall consist of 100 marks for theory(including 20 of the continuous internal assessment based on tests) and 25 for the
Practical.
There shall be no internal assessment for the Seminar and Project Paper.
Every student shall be required to do a project training of at least one-month and
submit a project report based upon their training / research undertaken during the
course of study. There shall be a presentation and viva voce examination based uponthe project submitted by the student.
The evaluation of the Project and Seminar shall be done during the course of study.
Instructions for Final Theory Paper Setters:
The question paper shall comprise of a total of nine questions containing two questionsfrom each unit and one compulsory question from whole of the syllabus Candidates will
attempt five questions including one from each section and the compulsory question. Eachquestion will carry equal marks.
Instructions / Rules for Continuous Internal Assessment:
There shall two tests each of 20 marks based upon the definitions / short answerquestions / multiple choice questions etc. to be conducted during the course of each paper.
The marks obtained by the student in two tests shall be rationalized out of 20and counted as Internal Assessment.
To qualify for the degree, a student has to score a total of 50 percent marks in eachsemester with a minimum of 40 percent in each paper, including marks of internal
assessment.
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Semester -3
Paper-I ENV-6301 Regional & Global Environmental Issues 100+50
Paper-II ENV-6302 Environment Impact Assessment and Auditing 100+50
Paper-III ENV-6303 Environment and Energy Management 100+50
Paper-IV ENV-6304 Industrial & Biomedical Waste Management 100+50
Semester -4
Paper-I ENV-6401 Environmental Technology 100+50
Paper-II ENV-6402 Environmental Biotechnology 100+50
Paper-III ENV-6403 Project 200
Paper-IV ENV-6404 Seminar 100
Each semester shall comprise of 4 Papers, with a total of 600 marks per semester.
Except for the Seminars and Projects, Each paper shall be of 3 hour duration with a credit
of 100 marks for theory (including 20 of the continuous internal assessment based on tests)and 50 for the Practical / Assignments.
The evaluation for the Project and Seminar shall be done during the course of study.
There shall be no internal assessment for the Seminar and Project Paper.
Every student shall be required to submit a project report based upon their training /research undertaken during the course of study. There shall be a Viva Voce examination
based upon the project submitted by the student. Both Project Report and Viva voce shallbe of 200 marks.
Every student will give a seminar based on his/her project and shall be of 100 marks
including the end test paper from amongst the seminars.
Instructions for Final Theory Paper Setters:
The final paper shall comprise of nine questions covering the whole syllabus with 2questions from each unit.
Candidates are to attempt five questions in all selecting one from each unit and oneobjective type compulsory question carrying 20 marks covering the entire syllabus.
Instructions / Rules for Continuous Internal Assessment:
There shall be three term tests each of 20 marks based upon the definitions / shortanswer questions / multiple choice questions etc. to be conducted during the course of eachpaper. The marks from the best of these two tests shall be counted for Internal Assessment.
To qualify for the degree, a student has to score a total of 50 percent marks in eachsemester with a minimum of 40 percent in each paper, including marks of internal
assessment.
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SEMESTER I
Paper I: Geo-Environment and Meteorological Science
Objective: To acquaint the students with the fundamental concepts of geo science in
relation to environmental aspects
UNIT- IEnvironmental Geo-science: Fundamental concepts, Primary differentiation and
formation of core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and hydrosphere; magma generation and
formation of rocks: plate tectonics sea floor spreading, mountain building, rock
deformation and evolution of continents.
Mineral Resources and Environment: Resources and reserves. abundance of elements
and mineral resources; classifications; plate tectonics and mineral resources; resources,
population and development. Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources.
Environmental impact of exploration, processing and smelting of minerals. (12 lectures)
UNIT-IIAtmosphere: Different layers, their characteristics and temperature relationships;
Atmospheric stability, inversions and mixing heights, windroses.
Meteorology: Weather and Climate, Atmospheric general circulation, Air mass and
weather fronts, Weather elements, Precipitation and types of storms, Indian monsoon, El
Nino effect, and western disturbances Weather forecasting, Methods of weather forecasting
on short- and long range, World Meteorological Organization (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Water resources and Environment: Global water balance. Hydrological cycle. Factorsinfluencing the surface water Types of water. Human use of surface and ground waters;
Global Water crisis, Rainwater harvesting, Ground water recharge
Ecological and Environmental impacts of dams, with particular reference to Narmada
Dam and Tehri Dam
Land-use Planning: The land-use plan. Soil surveys in relation to land-use planning.
Methods of site selection and evaluation (12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Principles of remote sensing and its application in Environmental Sciences, Application
of GIS in Environmental ManagementEnvironmental Geochemistry: The periodic table and geochemical classification of
elements; abundance of elements in the bulk earth, crust, hydrosphere, atmosphere and
biosphere. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use, trace elements
and health. Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements. Diseases induced by
human use of land. (12 lectures)
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Practical
1. Studying the internal structure of earth
2. Studying the hand specimens of rock samples
3. Diagrammatic representation of different layers of atmosphere, their characteristics
and temperature relationships;
4. Wind Roses: their preparation and interpretation.
5. Reading of topo maps and Geological maps.
6. Interpretation of Remotely sensed data.
7. Map work related to meteorology
8. Assignments/project as assigned by the teacher
Suggested Readings
1. Barrett, E.C. and Curtis, D.E.. Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing.
Springer, USA 1992.
2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A.. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living
Planet. 6th
ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007
3. Bouwer, H. Groundwater Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1978.
4. Butz, S.D.. Science of Earth Systems. 2nd ed. Thomson Delmar Learning, USA 2004
5. DeMers, M.N. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. 3rd ed. Wiley &
Sons, USA. 2002.
6. Eby, N.. Principles of Environmental Geochemistry. Brooks Cole, USA. 2003
7. Faure, G..Inorganic Geochemistry. Prentice Hall. 1991
8. Fetter, C.W..Applied Hydrogeology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall of India. 2001
9. Joseph, G. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.
2007
10.Keller, E.A.. Introduction to Environmental Geology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall of India
200711.Keller, E.A..Environmental Geology. 8th ed. Prentice Hall of India 1999
12.Krauskopf, K.B..Introduction to Geochemistry. McGraw Hill. 1994
13.Mason, B.. Principles of Geochemistry, Wiley Eastern, USA1982
14.Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M.. Environment. 6th ed.
John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008
15.Schwartz, F.W. and H. Zhang. Fundamentals of Ground Water. John Wiley & Sons,
USA. 2003.
16.Todd, D.K. Groundwater Hydrology. 2nd ed., Wiley, New York. 1980.
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Paper II: Ecological Principles
Objective: To acquaint the students with the concept of ecology so that they get well
versed with different ecosystems and try to relate them in their day to day life
UNIT-I
Ecology: A brief history; Concept, and major branches
Population Ecology: Characteristics of population; Dynamics and Interactions;
Regulation; Population genetics
Community Ecology: Concept, Characteristics and dynamics; Interactions; Development
of community (Plant Succession); Parasitism; Prey-Predator relationship (12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Aquatic Ecosystem: Fresh water and Marine system, their types, characteristics and
components; Wetlands and, their significance
Terrestrial ecosystems: Major terrestrial biomes - Forest, Desert, and Grassland (a brief
account); Relationship between Precipitation and temperature in determining the
vegetation; Forest Types of India (a concise account) (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Biological Invasion: Concept; Pathways of Invasion; Process of Invasion; Mechanism of
Invasions; Impact of Invasive Species - Ecological, Environmental, Economical; Some
examples of major invasive plants and animals in India
Concept of Speciation:Types and process;Extinction: A brief history and reasons
(12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Biodiversity: Definition; levels of diversity; alpha, beta and gamma diversity, and their
measurement; Biodiversity Hotspots concept and a brief account; Biodiversity hotspots
of India: a short account; Concept ofendangered and threatened species: IUCN Categories
of Extinction; Names of a few endangered and threatened animals and plants (of India);
Strategies for biodiversity conservation: Concept of Protected Area Networks - National
Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves (A brief account) (12 lectures)
Practical
1. To determine minimum number and size of quadrat for studying vegetation in a
grassland.
2. To calculate density, frequency, abundance and dominance of plant species in
grassland using quadrat method.
3. To calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI) of species.
4. To calculate index of diversity, richness, evenness and dominance of species.
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5. To find out association between two species using Chi-square method.
6. To calculate similarity index between two adjoining communities.
7. To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of pond and forest
ecosystem.
8. To study ecology of some major exotic invasive weeds.
Suggested Readings
1. Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., and Harper, J. L.. Ecology from Individuals to
Ecosystems. Wiley-Blackwell, USA. 2005.
2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living
Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007.
3. Chapman, J. L. and Reiss, M. J. Ecology: Principles and Applications. Cambridge
University Press, UK. 1998.
4. Cotgreave, Peter and Forseth, Irwin. Introductory Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.
2002.
5. Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science.
Enquiry and Applications. 2nd
ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004.
6. Frankel, O. H., Brown, A. H. D. and Burdon, J. J. Conservation of Plant Biodiversity.
Cambridge University Press, UK. 1995.
7. Gadgil, Madhav and Rao, P.R.S. Nurturing Biodiversity: An Indian Agenda. Centre
for Environment Education, Ahmadabad, India. 1999.
8. Gaston, K. J. and Spicer, J. I.Biodiversity: An Introduction. Blackwell, UK. 1998.
9. Jeffries, M.Biodiversity and Conservation. 2nd ed. Routledge, USA.1997.
10.Kohli, R. K., Jose, S., Singh, H. P. and Batish, D. R.. Invasive Plants and Forest
Ecosystems. CRC Press / Taylor and Francis. 2009.
11.Leveque, C.Ecology: From Ecosystem to Biosphere. Science Publishers, USA. 2003.12.Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, USA. Indian Reprint 1996 by
Natraj Publishers, Dehradun. 1991.
13.Odum, E.P. Ecology: A Bridge between Science and Society. Sinauer Associates,
Inc., USA. 1997.
14.Perrings, Charles, Maler, Karl-Goran, Folke, Carl, Holling, C. S. and Jansson,
Bengt-Owe. Biodiversity Loss: Economic and Ecological Issues. Cambridge
University Press, UK. 1997.
15.Ramakrishnan, P. S. Ecology and Sustainable Development. National Book Trust of
India, Delhi, India. 2001.
16.Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M.Environment. 6th ed. John
Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008.
17. Riordan, Tim O' and Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne. Biodiversity, Sustainability and
Human Communities: Protecting Beyond the Protected. Cambridge University Press,
UK. 2002.
18.Silvertown J. W. and Charlesworth, D. Introduction to Plant Population Biology. 4 th
ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2001.
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19.Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource
Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006.
20.Townsend, C. R. Ecological Applications: Toward a Sustainable World. Wiley-
Blackwell, USA .2007.
21.Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., and Harper, J. L. Essentials of Ecology. Wiley-
Blackwell, USA. 2008.
22.Van Andel, J. and Aronson, J. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. Blackwell,
UK. 2005.
Paper III: Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology
Objective: To acquaint the students with the dynamics and principle of environmental
chemistry and their toxicological effects on environment.
UNIT- I
Fundamental of Environmental Chemistry: Henry Law, Photochemistry,
Electrochemistry, Elements and organics in nature, Petroleum and its products, Gibbs
energy; chemical potential; chemical equilibria,
Chemistry of Earth: Mineral and Organic components of soil; Reactions in soil solution;
Ion exchange (Physiosorption); Ligand exchange (Chemisorption); Complexations,
Chelation; Precipitation / dissolution (12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Chemical composition of Air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Particles,
ions, and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and
organic particulate matter. Sources of trace gases in the atmosphere; Thermo-chemical andphotochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Tropospheric oxidation chemistry; Oxygen and
ozone chemistry. Chemistry of air pollutants. Role of hydrocarbons; Sulphur chemistry;
Halogen Chemistry in the atmosphere
Green Chemistry: Concept and a Brief account (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Water Chemistry: Chemistry of water, dissolution / precipitation reactions; complexation
reactions; concept of DO, BOD, COD; concept of salinity; composition of seawater and
physic-chemical speciation in oceans; Suspended particles; concept of sedimentation,
coagulation, filtration,
Environmental Toxicology: Emergence as a science; concepts and definitions; Factors
affecting toxicity;
Evaluation of Toxicity: Evaluation of LC50, LD50, LCIC and IT.
(12 lectures)
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UNIT-IV
Toxic Chemical in the Environment: Metals and other inorganic contaminants; Organic
contaminants; Fate of organic contaminants; Pesticides; Biochemical aspects of Arsenic,
cadmium, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, ozone and PAN Pesticides; Insecticides, MIC,
carcinogens in the air. Photochemistry of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR) Gene-
toxicity of toxic chemicals. (12 lectures)
Practical
Based upon the theory classes.
Suggested Readings
1. Banerji, S. K.Environmental Chemistry. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, India. 1999.
2. De, A. K. Environmental Chemistry. 4th ed. New Age International (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, India. 2000.
3. Harrison, R. M. and de Mora, S. J. Introductory Chemistry for the Environment
Science. 2nd
ed. Cambridge University Press, New Delhi. 1996.
4. Hobbes, P.B. Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry. Cambridge University Press,
UK. 2000.
5. Kothandaaman, H. and Swaminathan, G. Principles of Environmental Chemistry. B.I.
Publications, Chennai, India. 1997.
6. Mahan, B. M. and Myers, R. J. University Chemistry. 4th ed. International Students
Edition. Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Co., USA. 1987.
7. Manahan, S. E. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Inc.,
USA. 2001.
8. Plunkett, E. R. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Edward Arnold (Australia) Pty. Ltd.,
Australia. 1987.9. Richards, I. S.Principles and Practice of Toxicology in Public Health. Jones and
Bartlett Publishers, London. 2008.
10.Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., USA. 2006.
Paper IV: Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing
Objective: To acquaint the students with importance of Environment Impact assessment
and various methodologies of impact assessment and auditing.
UNIT-I
Introduction to Environmental Impact Analysis , Environmental impact statement &
environmental management plan Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) principles
& potential, EIA guidelines 1994, notification of the Government of India, 2006; various
appendices and forms for application, EIA in project planning and implementation;
(12 lectures)
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UNIT-II
EIA Methodology: Project screening, scoping, base-line data, impact identification;
prediction, evaluation, valuation of environmental impacts, mitigation. Public
participation, presentation, review and decision making, Monitoring and auditing in EIA
process. Component of EIA (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Guidelines for environmental audit & Introduction to environmental planning,
Environmental Auditing Procedure : Matrix methods and Batelle method of auditing,
Types of Project activities requiring Environmental Clearance , Checklist for EIA, Generic
structure of EIA Document, Procedure of Public hearing, Composition of EAC, SEAC
Influence of EIA on projects and organizations, Benefits and future of EIA (12 lecture)
UNIT-IV
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991, Role of GIS in EIA
Case Studies: Mining industry, Thermal power plant, textile industry; pulp and paper
industry (12 lecture)
Practical
1. Perform EIA on: dam / air post / Industry / Bridge / railway tract/ urban city.
2. Prepare an environmental audit of hostel / institute / industrial area / city
3. Assignments as suggested by teacher
Suggested Readings
1. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub.Co., New Delhi. 2006
2. Cutter, S.L..Environmental Risks and Hazards. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
1999
3. Petts, J. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment- Volume 1 and 2.
Blackwell Publishers, UK 2005.
4. Glasson, J. Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A.. Introduction to Environmental Impact
Assessment. Routledge, London. 2006
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SEMESTER II
Paper I: Conservation of Life Support Systems
Objective: To acquaint the students with knowledge as to how they can conserve the
natural resources and support sustainable development
UNIT-I
Concept of conservation; Objectives and aims of conservation, Renewable and non-
renewable resources, Policies of conservation, strategies of conservation, Conservation of
MineralResources: Demographic quotient, depletion curves
Conservation of Soil: Soil health, types of soil, soil components, Reasons of soil
degradation, Soil erosion and its check, Soil micro-organisms; Reclamation of Alkaline
and Saline soil (12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Conservation of Forests: Joint Forest Management, Plantation Programmes in India
Social Forestry, Community Forestry, Farm Forestry, Urban Forestry; Forest Conservation
Act,
Wildlife Conservation: Concept of wildlife, Role of wildlife in nature, Preservation of
Breeding Stock; Artificial stocking; Habitat Improvement, Game Farming; Wildlife
Protection Act (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Conservation of Agriculture: Conservation of arable land, Conservation of crop genome,
Strategies of conservation of crops; Pesticides and herbicides in crop protection, Organic,
inorganic and hormonal pesticides and herbicides; Environmental hazards of pesticides -their impact on life and life support system; Role of botanicals and natural plant products
in crop protection; Biological management of pests; Integrated approach of pest and weed
management. (12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Conservation of Aquatic System: Need and strategies of conservation of Aquatic systems:
Conservation of aquatic life; Conservation of Wetlands
Conservation of Rangeland and Deserts: Concept of desertification; UNCCD; Strategies
for conservation of wastelands and desert (12 lectures)
Practical
1. To study some most frequently found weeds in post rainy / winter season.
2. To prepare a list of herbicides / pesticides / insecticides commonly used in this
area.
3. To study different types of soil
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4. To undertake a field visit to understand the concept and consequences soil
degradation and erosion
5. To study different types of plantation systems
6. To prepare a list of wild and cultivated varieties of cereal crops (Maize, Wheat and
Rice) commonly used in adjoining areas of Chandigarh.
7. To prepare a list of plants which are the sources of botanicals?
8. To make a list of various botanical pesticides available in the market
Suggested Readings
1. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living
Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007.
2. Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science.
Enquiry and Applications. 2nd
ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004.
3. Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships.
11th
ed. McGraw Hill Inc., USA. 2006.
4. Frankel, O.H., Brown A.H.D. and Burdon, J.J. Conservation of Plant Biodiversity.
Cambridge University Press, UK. 1995.
5. Gadgil, Madhav and Rao, P.R.S.Nurturing Biodiversity: An Indian Agenda. Centre for
Environment Education, Ahmadabad, India. 1999.
6. Groom, Martha J., Meffe, Gary K. and Carroll, C. Ronald. Principles of Conservation
Biology. 3rd
ed. Sinaeur Associates, Inc., USA. 2005.
7. Hunter, Malcolm L., Jr., and Gibbs, James P. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology.
3rd
ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006.
8. Jeffries, M.Biodiversity and Conservation. 2nd ed. Routledge, UK. 1997.
9. Leveque, C.Ecology: From Ecosystem to Biosphere. Science Publishers, USA. 2003.10.Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, USA. 1991.
11.Indian Reprint by Natraj Publishers, Dehradun. 1996.
12.Primack, Richard.Essentials of Conservation Biology. 4th ed. Sinaeur Associates, Inc.,
USA. 2006.
13.Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M. Environment. 6th ed. John
Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008.
14.Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R. and Kohli, R.K. Handbook of Sustainable Weed
Management. Haworth Press, Inc., USA. 2006.
15.Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource
Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006.
16.Townsend, Colin R. Ecological Applications: Toward a Sustainable World. Wiley-
Blackwell. 2007.
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Paper II: Environmental Analysis: Techniques and Instrumentation
Objective: To upgrade the students with knowledge on instrumental techniques of
chemical analysis, practical work with the realistic samples from the environment so that
they could become familiar with the instrumentation this is inevitable for contemporary
investigations of environmental pollution.
UNIT-I
Concept of accuracy, precision and error, Sample preservations, handling of samples and
chemical in lab, Sample handling of Volatile and non-volatile organic compounds, pH
metry, Solvent partitioning, Titrimetry, Gravimetry (12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Instrumentation and analytical methods involved in the following techniques and their
applications in environment: Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry, Fluorescence Spectroscopy,
Visible, Atomic and Infrared spectrometry, Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, HPLC, Supercritical Fluid chromatography,
Reverse phase liquid chromatography, Electrophoresis: Capillary, X-ray diffraction, X-ray
fluorescence, Bomb colorimetrry, Mass Spectroscopy, Microscopy; Fluorescence
(12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Basics of Microbiological analysis, Laminar flow, autoclaving etc, preparations of media
for culture growth.
Handling of radioactive and hazardous samples, Determination of radionuclide in the
environmental samples: gamma spectrometry, alpha particle spectrometry, beta particle
spectrometry, liquid scintillation measurement.
Utilization of different techniques for analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAHs), Pesticide residues, Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Environment.
Management of chemicals and waste generated in labs, safety measures while handling
chemicals and instruments, familiarity about various symbols used on the bottles of
chemicals etc. (12 lectures)
Practical
1. Preparation of a standard solution in lab2. Preparation of a standard curve
3. To analyse the moisture content of a sample using gravimetry
4. Analysis of sample using titrimetry.
5. To analyse the pH of a sample
6. To analyse the sample Using Spectrophotometery
7. A visit to different labs to demonstrate the functioning of instrumentation as listed in
the syllabi.
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Suggested Readings
1. Chatwal, G. R., and Anand, S. K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.
Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi. 2007.
2. De, A.K.Environmental Chemistry, New Age International, New Delhi. 2000.
3. Murphy, W.J.Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, USA. 1977.
Paper III: Environmental Technology
Objective: To acquaint the students with latest environmental technology on how to
combat with common environmental issues and related problems without altering the
natural environmental conditions.
UNIT-I
Air pollution Sampling and Monitoring Air Matrices : Scope, Purpose and Objectives of
Air Quality Monitoring Programme; Preliminary information required for planning an air
quality survey; Guidelines for planning a survey; Design of an air quality surveillance
network; Period, frequency and duration of sampling; Averaging times; Sample size
determination; Principles and instruments for measurement of (i)ambient air pollutants;
and (ii) stack emissions (monitoring), Sampling of gaseous and particulate air pollutants,
measurement of SO2, NOx, CO, SPM, Oxidants and Ozone, Hydrocarbons and particulate
matter. (12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Meteorology and Dispersion of Pollutants: maximum mixing depth, lapse rate, stability
conciliations, plume behaviour, calculation of effective stack height,
Control of Air Pollution: General methods of control of Gaseous pollutants- scrubbers,condensers, control equipment for particulate matter-gravity settling chambers, cyclone,
fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, case study of thermal power plants
Control of Mobile Source Emissions. Automobile Exhausts, Type of pollutants: Indian
auto emission standards: Problems associated with automobile pollution; (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Water Pollution Control: Treatment for Clean Water: Water Treatment Plant -
Procedures, flocculation, settling, filtration, reverse sand filter, cleaning, chlorination,
Methods of Cleaning Potable Water: Filtration, Electro-dialysis, principle & theory of
chemical oxidation, Disinfection mechanism: Ozone, permanganate, chlorination. Reverse
osmosis, Ultra filtration; Water quality standards. (10 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Industrial Effluent Treatment: Standards of Stream, River and industrial discharge;
Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in creeks / sea / in inland streams/ impoundments;
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Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates; Common Effluent
Treatment plants, their economics and management.
Sewage Treatment: Pre-treatment, Primary- secondary and tertiary treatment methods;
Percentage removal and overall efficiency; Physical, chemical and biological methods of
treatment. Screening: Designs of Fixed and Rotary Screens; Separation & design of girt
chambers; velocity control devices; Detritus tanks; Centrifugal devices; Disposal of grit;
Oil and grease separation. (12 lectures)
Practical
1. To study the different methods of air monitoring
2. To study the different methods of water sampling
3. A visit to nearby Sewage Treatment Plant
4. A visit to nearby Effluent Treatment Plant
5. Ambient air monitoring for SO2, NOx, CO, SPM
6. Project work as assigned by the teacher
Suggested Readings
1. Bhargava, S. K. Practical Methods for Water and Air Pollution Monitoring, New
Age International Pub., New Delhi. 2008.
2. Bhatia, S.C. Textbook of Air Pollution and Its Control. Atlantic Pub., New Delhi.
2007.
3. Clarke, Andrew G. Industrial Air Pollution Monitoring, Gaseous and Particulate
Emissions, Springer. 2008.
4. Eckenfelder. Industrial Water Pollution Control 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Education
(Asia). 2003.
5. Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science
Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005.
6. Gurnham, C. F. Principle of Industrial Waste Treatment. John Wiley & Sons Inc,New York. 2004.
7. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd ed.
Prentice Hall of India. 2000.
8. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer, M.J. Jr, Water & Waste Water Technology. Prentice
Hall, USA. 2000.
9. Heck, R.M. and Farrauto, R. J. Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial
Technology. Wiley-Interscience. 2002.
10.Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol
Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006.
11.Ray, T.K. Air Pollution Control in Industries. Tech Books International, New Delhi
(2 volumes). 2006.
12.Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.H., and Stensel, D. Wastewater Engineering:
Treatment and Reuse. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill, USA. 2003.
13. Perkins, H.C. Air Pollution, McGraw Hill. (1974),
14.Stern, A.C. Air Pollution, Vol. 1-VIII, Academic Press. (1980),
15.Nevers, Nod, DAir Pollution Control Engineering, McGraw Hill Int. . (2000),
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Paper IV: Solid Waste Management and Techniques
Objective: To acquaint the students with the common municipal solid wastes, their
characteristic and the chaos caused by these wastes in the environment and to study the
latest technologies to dispose of such wastes.
UNIT- I
Waste generation, Need and requirements for management and planning Solid waste-
types, generation trends, quality and quantity aspects
Types of solid waste Municipal waste, urban -, rural - and industrial wastes, Special
wastes- tyres, household hazardous wastes, demolition waste, domestic waste; sewage
sludge and municipal waste; slaughterhouse waste; agricultural waste; Mining waste
Integrated Solid waste Management; Solid waste characterization: ultimate and proximate
analysis; Waste reduction at source, volume reduction
Collection techniques. Transport of solid waste and its optimization, transfer stations
(12 lectures)
UNIT- II
Materials recovery/recycling; - Recycling of Aluminum, glass, plastic and, paper
Treatment and disposal techniques - Burning, Open dumping,
Landfill : landfilling methods and operation
Landfill liners: clay, Geo-membrane, HDPE, Geonet, Geotextile
Landfill emissions : Leachate and Landfill gas
Leachate collection & analysis (12 lectures)
UNIT- III
Composting, Vermi-composting, IncinerationEnergy from Waste: Pyrolysis, Gasification, Refuse derived fuels, Biogas
Merits and demerits of waste disposal methods (12 lectures)
UNIT- IV
Municipal Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000
Recycled Plastics (Manufacture and usage) Rules
Vadose and saturated zone monitoring of solid waste dumps
Protection at disposal sites Landfill closure methods and operations
Role of GIS in Waste Management (12 lectures)
Practical
1. A visit to Composting/Vermicomposting Unit
2. Ultimate analysis of Solid waste
3. Practical knowledge and working of incinerators
4. To prepare a list of materials from municipal waste stream that can be reused
/recycled
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5. A visit to the RDF plant.
6. Practice exercises on computer related to handling of data
7. To determine moisture content of sample
8. To determine the pH of the given sample.
Suggested Readings
1. Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science
Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005.
2. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd ed.
Prentice Hall of India. 2000.
3. Kreith, F. Handbook of Solid Waste Management. McGraw Hill Publishers, USA.
1999.
4. Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol Pub.
Co., New Delhi. 2006.
5. Noble, G. Sanitary Landfill Design Handbook. Technomic Westport Connecticut,
USA. 1976.
6. Peavey, H. S, Rowe, D. R and Tchobanoglous, G. Environmental Engineering.
International Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 1985.
7. Shah, K. L.Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology. McGraw
Hill, USA. 1999.
8. Tchobanogloas, G. Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering, Principle and
Management. McGraw Hill, USA. 1993.
9. Vesilind, P. A., Worrell, W. and Reinhart, D. Solid Waste Engineering. Brooks/Cole
ThomsonLearning Inc., USA. 2002.
10.White, P, Frank, M. and Hindle, P.Integrated Solid Waste Management- A Life Cycle
Inventory. Chapman &Hall, USA. 1999.11.Jaswal, P.S. and Jaswal, N.Environmental Law. Pioneer Publications, Delhi. 2003.
12.Leelakrishnan, P. Environmental Law in India. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa,
Nagpur. 2005.
Shastri, S.C.Environmental lawin India. Eastern Book Co, Lucknow. 2008.
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SEMESTER -III
Paper I: Regional and Global Environmental Issues
Objective: To provide assessments of the current status and trends in major
developmental and environmental issues at the national, sub regional, regional and global
levels.
UNIT-I
National and international Environmental issues, Stockholm conference, Creation of
UNEP and its role, World earth summits; Agenda 21, UNFCCC, Convention on
Biodiversity and Convention on Climate Change, CoPs, Climate Change and Global
Warming; IPPC and its reports (a brief account), Basal Convention (12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Human Population and its implications, PAT Formula, Indian census, Population
Regulation, Problems of slums in urban cities, Cancer and AIDS ,Descriptive and
analytical markers and indicators of pollutants in the body; Water-borne, air borne, vector-borne, genetic, contagious and non-contagious diseases and their management, Sanitation
measures to control infectious diseases, impact of population explosion and poverty on the
environment, smoking and its impact on environment (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Stratospheric Ozone depletion, Ozone hole, history, reasons and Impacts on Biota ,concept
of carbon trading; carbon credits; Ecological Footprints; Carbon Footprints; Montreal and
Kyoto Protocols; Basics of CDM, Green Buildings, Green house effects, Acid rain,
Photochemical smog, (12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Food additives and Preservatives, Food Allergens , Environmental ethics, environment
education and awareness, Fly ash utilization Epidemiological issues - Goiter, Fluorosis,
Arsenic toxicity; New emerging diseases (a brief concept) , Bio-terrorism and Eco-
terrorism, role of Environment organizations like MOEF,CPCB,WHO, UNESCO, World
Bank , NGOs, Scheme of labelling of environmentally friendly products (Ecomark),
(12 lectures)
Practical1. To prepare a list of preservatives and additives used in candies, chocolates and
toffees, curd, yoghurt and processed cheese available in the market.
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2. To prepare a profile of smokers and analysis in terms of: Type of products like
cigarettes, Bidis and Cigars, Number of persons in the family, Health effects,
Number of cigarettes per person
3. Project file on a global environmental issues
4. To prepare a list of various eco-terrorism and bioterrorism events
5. To calculate the carbon footprint of some anthropogenic activities
6. Enlist various green buildings in India and world
Suggested Readings
1. Andel, J. Van and Aronson, J.Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. Blackwell, UK.
2005.
2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living
Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007.
3. Burroughs, W.J. Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2nd ed. Cambridge
University Press. 2007.
4. Chandra, P. Global Ecotourism Codes, Protocols & Charters. Kanishka Publishers,
Distributors, New Delhi. 2003.5. Chasek, P. S. The Global Environment in the Twenty-First Century - Prospects for
International Co-operation. Indian Reprint by Manas Publications, New Delhi. 2004.
6. Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science.
Enquiry and Applications. 2nd
ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004.
7. Dash, S. K. Climate Change-An Indian Perspective. Centre for Environment Education
and Cambridge University Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2007.
8. Dodds, F. (ed.). Earth Summit. 2002. A New Deal. Earthscan Publications Ltd., UK.
2002.
9. Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships.
11th ed. McGraw Hill Inc., USA. 2006.
10.Hardy, John T. Climate Change: Causes, Effects, Solutions. Wiley & Sons, USA.
2003.
11.Harris, F. Global Environmental Issues. Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 2004.
12.Kasperson, J. X. and Kasperson, R. E. (ed.). Global Environmental Risk. United
nations University Press & EarthScan Publications, UK. 2001.
13.Metcalfe, S. and Derwent, D. Atmospheric Pollution and Environmental Change. A.
Hodder Arnold Publications. 2005.
14.Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M. Environment. 6th ed. John
Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008.15.Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource
Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006.
16.Speth, J. C. Global Environmental Challenges Transitions to a Sustainable World.
Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2004.
17.UNEP (United Nationals Environment Programme). Agenda 21. Available online at
http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentID=52
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18.UNEP. Global Environmental Outlook 3: Past, Present and Future. Earthscan
Publications. 2002.
19.Webber, R. Communicable Diseases: Epidemiology and Control. 2nd ed. CABI. UK. 1996.
Paper II: Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing
Objective: To acquaint the students with importance of Environment Impact assessment
and various methodologies of impact assessment and auditing.
UNIT-1
Introduction to Environmental Impact Analysis , Environmental impact statement &
environmental management plan Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) principles
& potential, EIA guidelines 1994, notification of the Government of India, 2006; various
appendices and forms for application, EIA in project planning and implementation,
(12 lectures)
UNIT-1IEIA Methodology: Project screening, scoping, base-line data, impact identification;
prediction, evaluation, valuation of environmental impacts, mitigation. Public
participation, presentation, review and decision making, Monitoring and auditing in EIA
process. Component of EIA (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Guidelines for environmental audit & Introduction to environmental planning,
Environmental Auditing Procedure : Matrix methods and Batelle method of auditing,
Types of Project activities requiring Environmental Clearance , Checklist for EIA, Generic
structure of EIA Document, Procedure of Public hearing, Composition of EAC, SEAC
Influence of EIA on projects and organizations, Benefits and future of EIA (12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991,
Role of GIS in EIA
Case Studies: Mining industry, Thermal power plant, textile industry; pulp and paper
industry (12 lecture)
Practical
1. Perform EIA on: dam / air post / Industry / Bridge / railway tract/ urban city.
2. Prepare an environmental audit of hostel / institute / industrial area / city
3. Assignments as suggested by teacher
Suggested Readings
1. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub. Co.,
New Delhi. 2006
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2. Cutter, S.L..Environmental Risks and Hazards. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 1999
3. Petts, J.Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment- Volume 1 and 2. Blackwell
Publishers, UK 2005.
4.Glasson, J. Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A.. Introduction to Environmental Impact
Assessment. Routledge, London. 2006.
Paper III - Environment and Energy Management
Objective: To provide the students with information on how to manage the natural
resources on a sustainable basis, reducing the threat of degradation, and conforming to
various environmental regulations.
UNIT-I
Environmental Economics and Management: Planning Levels, physical planning anddevelopment Cost-Benefit analysis, methods of economic evaluation of intangible
environmental resources; contingent method, travel cost, opportunity cost concept of
consumer behaviour, environmental consumerism
Disaster Management: Definition, nature, types and classification of disasters, risk
analysis; Disasters - causes and effects; Factors affecting damage- Type, scale, population
density, socio-economic status of population, habitation pattern, physiology and climate;
Factors affecting mitigation measures- Prediction, preparation, communication, aerial
extent, accessibility, population density (12 lecture)
UNIT-II
Planning for disaster mitigation
Floods River flooding, flood palins, drainage basins, nature and frequency of flooding,
flood hazards, urbanisation and flooding, flood hydrographs, flood plain management and
control.
Land slides causes, human use and land slide analysis, determination of stability and
safety factor.
Volcanoes nature, extent and causes of volcanism, volcanic materials, geographic
distribution of volcanoes.
Coastal hazards tropical cyclone, coastal erosion, sea level changes and its impact oncoastal areas and coastal zone management.
Earth quakes causes, intensity and magnitude of earthquakes, geographic distribution of
earthquakes zones, seismic waves, travel-time and location of epicenter, nature of
destruction, quake resistant buildings and dams. (12 lecture)
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UNIT-III
Watershed Management:Definition, concepts, principles; Classification by size; Rainfall
and runoff; Water balance approach; Water budgeting; Topographic surveying; Water
conservation and harvesting methods - Importance and techniques of Rain Water
Harvesting; Agriculture and Water management- Participatory Rural Appraisal in
watershed Programmes.
Energy Environment: Fossil fuels classification, composition, physico-chemical
characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas.
Sun as source of energy; solar collectors, photovoltaic, solar ponds (12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, ocean, wind, geothermal energy,
nuclear energy fission and fusion, magneto hydrodynamic power, bio-energy energy
from biomass and biogas
Environmental implication of energy use, Carbon dioxide emissions, air and thermal
pollution, radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear reactors, impacts of large scale
exploitation of solar, wind hydro and ocean energy, Conservation of energy
(12 lectures)
Practical
Based upon Theory
Suggested Readings
1. Boland, R.G.A. General Environmental Management. Sterling Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 1993.
2. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub. Co.,New Delhi. 2006
3. Aslokar, S.R. and Gopichandran, R. Preventive Environmental Management- An Indian
Perspective. Foundation Book, New Delhi. 2005.
4. Dhameja, S.K.. Environmental Engineering and Management. S.K. Kataria and Sons,
New Delhi. 2000
5. Pandey, G.N.. Environmental Management. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
1997.
6. Saxena, H.M.Environmental Management. Rawat Pub., New Delhi 2000.
7. Stavins, R.N.,. Economics of the Environment Selected Readings. 5th ed. W.W.
Nations and Co., New Delhi. 2005
8. Mukherjee, B.. Environmental Management. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
1997
9. Kolstad, C.D..Environmental Economics. Oxford University Press. 2000
10. Hussen, A.. Principles of.Environmental Economics. 2nd ed. Routledge, U.K. 2004
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11. Tietenberg, T. 2004. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 6th ed. Pearson
Education.
12.Ravindranath, N.H., Rao, U.K. Natarajan, B. and Monga, P.. Renewable Energy and
Environment A Policy Analysis of India. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2002
13 Rai, G.D.Non Conventional Energy Sources. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. 1998.
15. Coley, D..Energy and Environment Change. John Wiley and Sons. 2008
16. Quaschning, V. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems. Earthscan Pub Ltd., U.K.
2006.
17. Sukhatme, S.P. Solar Energy Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage. Tata
McGraw Hill. 2000.
Paper IV: Hazardous and Biomedical Waste Management
Objective:To acquaint the students to understand the difference in perception of hazardous
and biomedical wastes management, applications and their limitations.
UNIT-I
Radioactive waste and its Management
Electronic waste, types and Management
Basic Considerations of Wastes from Industrieslike textile, sugar, pulp and paper, cement,
distilleries, dairy, food processing, mining
Types and Environmental problems of hazardous wastes: Lead and Mercury poisoning
(12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Industrial Effluent Treatment:Standards of Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in sea /
in inland streams; Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates;
Common Effluent Treatment plants, Types and Environmental problems of hazardous
wastes
Generation, collection, segregation, treatment, transport and disposal of hazardous waste
Waste destruction, separation and Immobilization Technologies (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Biomedical waste: Introduction: definition, Classification, types and composition, Types of
solids, liquids, sharps, blood and blood tissue, radioactive material, biological and
chemical material
Documentation of Biomedical waste types and guidelines
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Storage of hospital waste; Types of bags and containers used for storage; Segregation of
biomedical waste into different type; Handling and transport of hospital waste
Transport of medical waste: Authorization and accidental spilling reporting (12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Biomedical waste treatment/disposal methods: Incineration, autoclaving, microwave
radiations, chemical treatments
Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility: record keeping, collection, transport and storage
facilities
Hospital Effluent treatment plant: Its structure and Functioning
Hazardous waste (Management and Handling) Rules; Bio-medical wastes (Management
and Handling) Rules; (12 lectures)
Practical
1. Survey of the town to make a list of various clinics / nursing homes / tertiary medical
care centers / dispensaries / health care centers / multi-specialty hospitals and
medical centers
2. Knowledge about the different types of wastes generated in clinics, nursing homes
and hospitals in the city/town etc
3. Report about the types and amount of waste generated in a nursing home and clinic.
4. Data on the various methods of handling and transport of hospital wastes in the city
5. A visit to the Hazardous waste Generation or disposal site.
6. Visit to Industrial area especially the handling Hazardous material
7. Preparation of Project report based on a case study of one hospital
Suggested Readings
1. Acharya, D.B. and Singh, M. Hospital Waste Management. Minerva Press, Delhi. 2003.
2. Blackman, W.C.Basic Hazardous Waste Management. CRC Press, USA. 2001.
3. Pichtel, J. Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial.
CRC Press, USA. 2005.
4. Pruss, A., Giroult, E. and Rushbrook, P. Safe Management of Wastes from Health-
care Activities. World Health Organization, Geneva. 1999.
5. Williams, P.T. Waste Treatment and Disposal. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 2005.
6. Jaswal, P.S. and Jaswal, N.Environmental Law. Pioneer Publications, Delhi. 2003.
7. Leelakrishnan, P. Environmental Law in India. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa,
Nagpur. 2005.
8. Shastri, S.C.Environmental lawin India. Eastern Book Co, Lucknow. 2008.
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SEMESTER IV
Paper I: Environmental Technology
Objective: To acquaint the students with latest environmental technology on how to
combat with common environmental issues and related problems without altering the
natural environmental conditions.
UNIT-I
Air pollution Sampling and Monitoring Air Matrices : Scope, Purpose and Objectives of
Air Quality Monitoring Programme; Preliminary information required for planning an air
quality survey; Guidelines for planning a survey; Design of an air quality surveillance
network; Period, frequency and duration of sampling; Averaging times; Sample size
determination; Principles and instruments for measurement of (i)ambient air pollutants;
and (ii) stack emissions (monitoring), Sampling of gaseous and particulate air pollutants,
measurement of SO2, NOx, CO, SPM, Oxidants and Ozone, Hydrocarbons and particulate
matter. (12 lectures)
UNIT-II
Meteorology and Dispersion of Pollutants: maximum mixing depth, lapse rate, stability
conciliations, plume behaviour, calculation of effective stack height,
Control of Air Pollution: General methods of control of Gaseous pollutants- scrubbers,
condensers, control equipment for particulate matter-gravity settling chambers, cyclone,
fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, case study of thermal power plants
Control of Mobile Source Emissions. Automobile Exhausts, Type of pollutants: Indian
auto emission standards: Problems associated with automobile pollution; (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Water Pollution Control: Treatment for Clean Water: Water Treatment Plant -
Procedures, flocculation, settling, filtration, reverse sand filter, cleaning, chlorination,
Methods of Cleaning Potable Water: Filtration, Electro-dialysis, principle & theory of
chemical oxidation, Disinfection mechanism: Ozone, permanganate, chlorination. Reverse
osmosis, Ultra filtration; Water quality standards. (10 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Industrial Effluent Treatment: Standards of Stream, River and industrial discharge;
Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in creeks / sea / in inland streams/ impoundments;
Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates; Common Effluent
Treatment plants, their economics and management.
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Sewage Treatment: Pre-treatment, Primary- secondary and tertiary treatment methods;
Percentage removal and overall efficiency; Physical, chemical and biological methods of
treatment. Screening: Designs of Fixed and Rotary Screens; Separation & design of girt
chambers; velocity control devices; Detritus tanks; Centrifugal devices; Disposal of grit;
Oil and grease separation. (12 lectures)
Practical1. To study the different methods of air monitoring
2. To study the different methods of water sampling
3. A visit to nearby Sewage Treatment Plant
4. A visit to nearby Effluent Treatment Plant
5. Ambient air monitoring for SO2, NOx, CO, SPM
6. Project work as assigned by the teacher
Suggested Readings
1. Bhargava, S. K. Practical Methods for Water and Air Pollution Monitoring, New Age
International Pub., New Delhi. 2008.
2. Bhatia, S.C. Textbook of Air Pollution and Its Control. Atlantic Pub., New Delhi.
2007.
3. Clarke, Andrew G. Industrial Air Pollution Monitoring, Gaseous and Particulate
Emissions, Springer. 2008.
4. Eckenfelder.Industrial Water Pollution Control 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Education (Asia).
2003.
5. Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science
Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005.
6. Gurnham, C. F. Principle of Industrial Waste Treatment. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New
York. 2004.
7. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd ed.
Prentice Hall of India. 2000.
8. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer, M.J. Jr, Water & Waste Water Technology. Prentice Hall,
USA. 2000.
9. Heck, R.M. and Farrauto, R. J. Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial
Technology. Wiley-Interscience. 2002.
10.Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol Pub.
Co., New Delhi. 2006.
11.Ray, T.K.Air Pollution Control in Industries. Tech Books International, New Delhi (2
volumes). 2006.
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12. Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.H., and Stensel, D. Wastewater Engineering:
Treatment and Reuse. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill, USA. 2003.
13. Perkins, H.C. Air Pollution, McGraw Hill. (1974),
14. Stern, A.C. Air Pollution, Vol. 1-VIII, Academic Press. (1980),
15. Nevers, Nod, DAir Pollution Control Engineering, McGraw Hill Int. . (2000),
Paper II: Environmental Biotechnology
Objective: To acquaint the students with information on how to improve understanding,
identification, and prevention of environmental problems, remediation & restoration
through biotechnological methods.
UNIT-I
Bioremediation: Planning and management of bioremediation; In situ and Ex situ
bioremediation; Constrains and priorities of bioremediation; Evaluating Bioremediation;
Bioremediation of VOCs. (8 lectures)
Phytoremediation: Phytoremediation of xenobiotics and bioaccumulation of metals using
plants. (4 lectures)
UNIT-II
Biodegradation: Factors affecting process of biodegradation; Methods in determining
biodegradability; Contaminant availability for biodegradation. Xenobiotics; Persistence
and biomagnification of xenobiotic molecules; Microbial interactions with xenobiotics;
Phase I and Phase II reactions; Cyt P 450 mediated reactions; Xenobiotics and microbial
biotransformation. Use of microbes (bacteria and fungi) and plants in biodegradation andBiotransformation. (12 lectures)
UNIT-III
Biodegradation of petroleum constituents and associated heavy metal; Biodegradation of
halogenated hydrocarbons; polycyclic aromatic hydrogen; Pesticides and Detergents.
Biosorption: Biotechnology and heavy metal pollution; Oil field microbiology; Improved
oil recovery; Biotechnology and oil spills; Hydrocarbon degradation (12 lectures)
UNIT-IV
Biotechnology for Management of Resources: Role of environmental biotechnology inmanagement of resources; Reclamation of wasteland; Biomass production; Biogas and
biofuel production; Microorganisms in mineral and energy recovery and fuel and biomass
production.
Application of Biotechnology in Environment. (12 lectures)
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Practical
Based upon theory
Suggested Readings
1. Evano, G.H. and Furlong, J.C. Environmental Biotechnology Theory and
Application. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 2004.
2. Jjemba, P.K. Environmental Microbiology Theory and Application. Science Pub.
Inc., USA. 2004.
3. Pepper, I.L. and Gerba, C.P. Environmental Microbiology - Laboratory Manaul.
Elsevier, USA. 2005.
4. Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. Basic Biotechnology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, UK. 2002.
5. Rittman, B. and McCarty, P. L. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and
Applications. 2nd
edition. Tata McGraw-Hill, USA. 2000.
6. Rittmann, B.E. and McCarty, P.L. Environmental Biotechnology Theory and
Application. McGraw Hill, USA. 2001.
Paper III Project (200 marks)
Paper IV Seminar (100 marks)********