2011 vm rescue day final

Vehicle and Machinery RescueVehicle and Machinery Rescue

Tarrant County College Tarrant County College Day 2Day 2

OverviewOverview• Review of Day OneReview of Day One

• Tool Orientation Tool Orientation

• Heavy LiftingHeavy Lifting

• Heavy LoadsHeavy Loads

• Mechanical Advantage and Mechanical Advantage and LeversLevers

• Tool Orientation Tool Orientation

• Stabilization Stabilization

• Winch Operations Winch Operations

• Live Scenario Live Scenario

REVIEW DAY ONEREVIEW DAY ONE• The Technical RescuerThe Technical Rescuer• Introduction to Vehicle and Machinery RescueIntroduction to Vehicle and Machinery Rescue• PPE and SafetyPPE and Safety• Size Up and Scene Security Size Up and Scene Security • Tools and TCC LayoutTools and TCC Layout• Airbag Hotwiring Airbag Hotwiring • Phases of Rescue DrillPhases of Rescue Drill• Operations Level Skill Update Operations Level Skill Update • Large Vehicle AnatomyLarge Vehicle Anatomy

Heavy Lifting Heavy Lifting

Heavy LiftingHeavy LiftingPrinciples of Leverage and Balance Principles of Leverage and Balance

• Leverage – advantage or power gainedLeverage – advantage or power gained

• Gravity Load Balance is the Center of Gravity Load Balance is the Center of Gravity or Center of MassGravity or Center of Mass

• Finding the center…Finding the center…– Breaking complex objects into simple onesBreaking complex objects into simple ones

Heavy LiftingHeavy Lifting

ForceForce• Force is a push or pull upon an object resulting Force is a push or pull upon an object resulting

from an objects interaction with another object from an objects interaction with another object • Other forces Other forces

– Frictional ForceFrictional Force– Gravitational ForceGravitational Force– Magnetic ForceMagnetic Force

• Force is a VectorForce is a Vector• Force is measured in NewtonsForce is measured in Newtons

Heavy LiftingHeavy Lifting• How to calculate the weight of the loadHow to calculate the weight of the load• Not all objects will be able to be lifted or Not all objects will be able to be lifted or

movedmoved• The first consideration is always, “How The first consideration is always, “How

much does the object weigh?” much does the object weigh?” • Then, “Do I have the tools necessary?”Then, “Do I have the tools necessary?”• Now, estimate the weightNow, estimate the weight

– L x W x H = Cubic Units L x W x H = Cubic Units – Multiply the weight per unit by the following…Multiply the weight per unit by the following…

Wood 45 lbs/cu/ftWood 45 lbs/cu/ft Concrete 150 lbs/cu/ftConcrete 150 lbs/cu/ft

Stone 170 lbs/cu/ftStone 170 lbs/cu/ft Steel 495 lbs/cu/ftSteel 495 lbs/cu/ft

Clay 110 lbs/cu/ftClay 110 lbs/cu/ft Aluminum 165 lbs/cu/ftAluminum 165 lbs/cu/ft

More about airbags later…More about airbags later…More about airbags later…More about airbags later…

Heavy LiftingHeavy LiftingLifting Concepts for RescueLifting Concepts for Rescue• Cribbing can be too far from the pry barCribbing can be too far from the pry bar• 5:1 is NOT achieved with improper positioning 5:1 is NOT achieved with improper positioning • Control is KeyControl is Key• Lifting with hand tools is a slow process, don’t get Lifting with hand tools is a slow process, don’t get

greedygreedy• Lift an inch, crib an inchLift an inch, crib an inch• Sudden shifts of movement should not be more than Sudden shifts of movement should not be more than

one inchone inch• Every action produces a reactionEvery action produces a reaction• Teamwork is essential Teamwork is essential

10.1 Machines and Mechanical 10.1 Machines and Mechanical AdvantageAdvantage

Key Question:Key Question:

How do simple machines work?How do simple machines work?

What is a Simple Machine?What is a Simple Machine?

• A simple machine has few A simple machine has few or no moving parts.or no moving parts.

• Simple machines make Simple machines make work easierwork easier

• WE CAN CALCULATE:WE CAN CALCULATE:• WORKWORK• POWERPOWER• EFFIECIENCY EFFIECIENCY

Simple MachinesSimple Machines

• The ability of humans to build The ability of humans to build buildings and move mountains buildings and move mountains began with our invention of began with our invention of machinesmachines..

• In physics the term “In physics the term “simple simple machinemachine” means a machine that ” means a machine that uses only the forces directly uses only the forces directly applied and accomplishes its applied and accomplishes its task with a single motion.task with a single motion.

10.1 Machines10.1 Machines• The best way to analyze what a machine The best way to analyze what a machine

does is to think about the machine in terms does is to think about the machine in terms of of inputinput and and outputoutput..

10.1 Mechanical Advantage10.1 Mechanical Advantage

• Mechanical advantageMechanical advantage is the ratio of is the ratio of output force to input force.output force to input force.

• For a typical automotive jack the For a typical automotive jack the mechanical advantage is 30 or more.mechanical advantage is 30 or more.

• A force of 100 newtons (22.5 pounds) A force of 100 newtons (22.5 pounds) applied to the input arm of the jack applied to the input arm of the jack produces an output force of 3,000 produces an output force of 3,000 newtons (675 pounds)— enough to lift newtons (675 pounds)— enough to lift one corner of an automobile.one corner of an automobile.


The Pry BarThe Pry Bar• The ToeThe Toe

– Pointed end of the pry barPointed end of the pry bar– Insertion pointInsertion point

• The HeelThe Heel– The fulcrum of the leverThe fulcrum of the lever– Point of contact Point of contact

• The LeverThe Lever– The ShaftThe Shaft– 5:1 mechanical advantage (defined later) 5:1 mechanical advantage (defined later)

10.1 Mechanical Advantage10.1 Mechanical Advantage

MA = Fo

Fi

Output force (N)

Input force (N)

Mechanicaladvantage


Application of Levers Application of Levers

• Examples of leversExamples of levers

• A type of mechanical advantageA type of mechanical advantage

• A simple machine that makes work easierA simple machine that makes work easier

Mechanical Advantage and LeversMechanical Advantage and Levers

Advantage vs. DisadvantageAdvantage vs. Disadvantage• Mechanical AdvantageMechanical Advantage is the ratio of output is the ratio of output

force produced by a machine to the applied force produced by a machine to the applied input forceinput force

• DisadvantageDisadvantage is said to occur when a line is said to occur when a line goes through a pulley that does not add to goes through a pulley that does not add to the mechanical advantage, only adding the mechanical advantage, only adding frictionfriction


Two methods used to calculate mechanical Two methods used to calculate mechanical advantage;advantage;

1.1. Counting Lines Counting Lines

2.2. Adding the Tensions Adding the Tensions


1. Counting Lines 1. Counting Lines

• Count the number of Count the number of lines to the load or lines to the load or pulley that is attached pulley that is attached to the loadto the load

• This tells you the This tells you the mechanical mechanical advantage advantage

1 21 2

In this example, there are two lines, therefore, the advantage is 2:1


• In this example, the In this example, the hauling line is not hauling line is not attached directly to the attached directly to the loadload

• If you cover the top If you cover the top section, you can see that section, you can see that only one line is attached only one line is attached to the pulley or loadto the pulley or load

1 21 2

The mechanical advantage of this system

is still 2:1

Mechanical Advantage and LeversMechanical Advantage and Levers2. Adding the Tensions 2. Adding the Tensions • In simple terms if there In simple terms if there

is a 100 kg load on one is a 100 kg load on one side, there must be a side, there must be a 100 kg load on the 100 kg load on the otherother

• There must be 200 kg There must be 200 kg load on the end of the load on the end of the pulley, thus 2:1pulley, thus 2:1

100k

g

100k

g

200kg

100k

g

100k

g

200kg

10.1 Wheels, gears, and rotating 10.1 Wheels, gears, and rotating machinesmachines

• Axles and wheels provide advantages.Axles and wheels provide advantages.• Friction occurs where the wheel and axle touch or where the wheel touches a Friction occurs where the wheel and axle touch or where the wheel touches a

surface.surface.• Rolling motion creates less wearing away of material compared with two Rolling motion creates less wearing away of material compared with two

surfaces sliding over each other.surfaces sliding over each other.

• With gears the trade-off is With gears the trade-off is made between made between torquetorque and and rotation speedrotation speed..

• An output gear will turn with An output gear will turn with more more torque when it rotates torque when it rotates slower than the input gear.slower than the input gear.

10.1 Ramps and Screws10.1 Ramps and Screws

• RampsRamps reduce input force by reduce input force by increasing the distance over increasing the distance over which the input force needs to act.which the input force needs to act.

• A A screwscrew is a simple machine that is a simple machine that turns rotating motion into linear turns rotating motion into linear motion. motion.

• A thread wraps around a screw at A thread wraps around a screw at an angle, like the angle of a ramp.an angle, like the angle of a ramp.


• High Pressure Bags High Pressure Bags – 80 to 120 psi80 to 120 psi– Can be stackedCan be stacked– Larger bag on the Larger bag on the

bottombottom

• Low Pressure Bags Low Pressure Bags – High lift rangeHigh lift range– Can fill voidsCan fill voids– 1 to 4 psi1 to 4 psi

• Cribbing for Cribbing for stabilization stabilization – 4 x 4 = 6,000lbs per 4 x 4 = 6,000lbs per

contactcontact– 6 x 6 = 15,000lbs per 6 x 6 = 15,000lbs per

contactcontact

• Hydraulic JacksHydraulic Jacks– High capacityHigh capacity– Can leak downCan leak down– Not laterally stable Not laterally stable

Pneumatic, hydraulic and mechanical lifting toolsPneumatic, hydraulic and mechanical lifting tools

Heavy LiftingHeavy LiftingCribbing the Heavy LoadCribbing the Heavy Load• Box Cribbing – two pieces of cribbing Box Cribbing – two pieces of cribbing

formed into a box, with each layer formed into a box, with each layer alternatingalternating

• Cross Tie Cribbing – utilizes three pieces of Cross Tie Cribbing – utilizes three pieces of cribbing per layer of the box with each cribbing per layer of the box with each layer alternating layer alternating

4 x 4 box = 24K lbs support4 x 4 box = 24K lbs support

6 x 6 box = 60K lbs support6 x 6 box = 60K lbs support4 x 4 cross tie = 40K lbs support4 x 4 cross tie = 40K lbs support

6 x 6 cross tie = 120K lbs support6 x 6 cross tie = 120K lbs support

Heavy LiftingHeavy LiftingWooden Box CribbingWooden Box Cribbing• Construction Grade MaterialConstruction Grade Material• Align edge a max of one inch from the end Align edge a max of one inch from the end • Rotate cribbing to crush the grain togetherRotate cribbing to crush the grain together• Grain should run horizontal, not vertical Grain should run horizontal, not vertical • Rotate the wood so that a crack is Rotate the wood so that a crack is

compressedcompressed• Wood is strong, stable and has a safety Wood is strong, stable and has a safety

factorfactor

Wood Cribbing under pressure will typically fail in Wood Cribbing under pressure will typically fail in a slow, noisy action a slow, noisy action

Wood Cribbing under pressure will typically fail in Wood Cribbing under pressure will typically fail in a slow, noisy action a slow, noisy action

Spread the load out Spread the load out Spread the load out Spread the load out

Never “side load” cribbing Never “side load” cribbing Never “side load” cribbing Never “side load” cribbing

““Dress your cribbing as you go, maximizing Dress your cribbing as you go, maximizing stability stability

““Dress your cribbing as you go, maximizing Dress your cribbing as you go, maximizing stability stability

Lifting Heavy LoadsLifting Heavy Loads


• Air bag system componentsAir bag system components

• Air BagsAir Bags

• Hoses and couplingsHoses and couplings

• ControllerController

• Regulator Regulator

• Air SupplyAir Supply

• AccessoriesAccessories

Tool Orientation Tool Orientation Lift BagsLift Bags

• Life ExpectancyLife Expectancy

• Rubber and Steel or Synthetic FibersRubber and Steel or Synthetic Fibers

• Carrolton Example…Carrolton Example…

• Massachusetts Example…Massachusetts Example…

Heavy LiftingHeavy LiftingAirbag Lifting TheoryAirbag Lifting Theory• Airbag Lifting FormulaAirbag Lifting Formula

116 psi x Area in contact = Lifting Force (lbs)116 psi x Area in contact = Lifting Force (lbs)

Discuss the Problem:Discuss the Problem:You must lift a 30 ton object 6: to access a You must lift a 30 ton object 6: to access a

victim. The bottom of the object is 12” victim. The bottom of the object is 12” above the floor. You have VS-43 with 43 above the floor. You have VS-43 with 43 tons max lifting capacity and a max lifting tons max lifting capacity and a max lifting height of 15.8 inchesheight of 15.8 inches

Place the bag as close to the load as possible. Use a solid top box crib. Lift 2 to 3 inches and

then crib the bag up. Lift again…


• Another way to increase lifting height is to stack 2 Another way to increase lifting height is to stack 2 airbagsairbags

• The lifting force is limited by the weakest airbagThe lifting force is limited by the weakest airbag• Never stack more than 2 bags Never stack more than 2 bags • Lifting force can be increased by placing 2 airbags Lifting force can be increased by placing 2 airbags

side by sideside by side• When VS 43 and VS 34 are placed side by side, When VS 43 and VS 34 are placed side by side,

the max lifting force is increased to 78 tons the max lifting force is increased to 78 tons

Airbag Lifting TheoryAirbag Lifting Theory


• Lifting Capacity vs. Lifting HeightLifting Capacity vs. Lifting Height– Capacity = lbsCapacity = lbs– Height = feet or inchesHeight = feet or inches– Max is usually reached at 2 to 3 inchesMax is usually reached at 2 to 3 inches– Max weight is variable Max weight is variable – Lifting capacity always decreases as the lifting Lifting capacity always decreases as the lifting

height increases height increases

Lifting Heavy LoadsLifting Heavy LoadsSingle Point, Single Bag LiftSingle Point, Single Bag Lift• On bag is positionedOn bag is positioned• A solid layer of cribbing is placed under the bagA solid layer of cribbing is placed under the bag• Refer to color of hose when inflating Refer to color of hose when inflating • Protect from “sharps” Protect from “sharps” • Keep all personnel clear of the danger zoneKeep all personnel clear of the danger zone• Cribbing should always be within one inch of the Cribbing should always be within one inch of the

bagbag

Lifting Heavy LoadsLifting Heavy LoadsSingle Point, Double Stacked Bag LiftSingle Point, Double Stacked Bag Lift• Larger bags on the bottomLarger bags on the bottom• Position couplings on opposite cornersPosition couplings on opposite corners• Put a solid layer of cribbing under the bagPut a solid layer of cribbing under the bag• Place sharps protection Place sharps protection • Establish a base by partially inflating the bottom Establish a base by partially inflating the bottom

bag firstbag first• Allow “nesting” by not filling bags all the wayAllow “nesting” by not filling bags all the way


• Separation distance of stacked airbag edges Separation distance of stacked airbag edges are importantare important

• If a shift begins to occur, one edge will If a shift begins to occur, one edge will move closer togethermove closer together

• The opposite sides will move apart The opposite sides will move apart

Single Point, Double Stacked Bag LiftSingle Point, Double Stacked Bag Lift

4 TYPES OF RESISTANCE1) GRADE RESISTANCE

2) OVERTURNING RESISTANCE

3) MIRED RESISTANCE

4) WATER RESISTANCE

= VW + C

= (VW + C) x 1/2

WHEEL DEPTH = (VW + C) x 1

FENDER DEPTH = (VW + C) x 2

CAB DEPTH = (VW + C) x 3

= VW + C

OVERTURNING RESISTANCE

Overturning resistance is that part of the weight of the vehicle which acts against the force exerted

to bring it back on its wheels

OVERTURNING RESISTANCE IS

EQUAL TO ½ THE VEHICLES WEIGHT

PLUS CARGO

1. GRADE RESISTANCEGrade resistance is created when a

vehicle moves up a slope and gravity affects the weight of the vehicle.

GRADE RESISTANCE IS EQUAL TO 1

TIMES THE VEHICLE WEIGHT PLUS

CARGO

Tool Orientation Tool Orientation CribbingCribbing • Wood Cribbing is most Wood Cribbing is most

commoncommon• Step Chocks Step Chocks • Cribbing is discussed Cribbing is discussed

later in this class…later in this class…Air Tools Air Tools • Air ChiselAir Chisel• Impact WrenchImpact Wrench• Care of air tools Care of air tools

Tool OrientationTool Orientation

Go over the following tools in class:Go over the following tools in class:

Come-A-LongCome-A-Long

TCC Struts TCC Struts

Push PlatesPush Plates

Chain and Hook SystemChain and Hook System

Wire Rope Wire Rope

Tool Orientation Tool Orientation Struts Struts • A support rod or column that is designed to take a A support rod or column that is designed to take a

heavy load and transport it to a more stable baseheavy load and transport it to a more stable base• Can be used vertically, horizontally or diagonally Can be used vertically, horizontally or diagonally • Takes a load parallel, along its axis as opposed to a Takes a load parallel, along its axis as opposed to a

beam which takes a load perpendicular to its lengthbeam which takes a load perpendicular to its length

SpecificationsSpecifications

• Res-q-jack RJ3 strutRes-q-jack RJ3 strut• Travel: 12 “Travel: 12 “

• Failure loadFailure load: 14,000lbs.: 14,000lbs.

• Static loadStatic load: 7,000lbs.: 7,000lbs.

• Dynamic loadDynamic load ( lifting ) 4,000lbs. ( lifting ) 4,000lbs.

• Minimum lifting height of 17”Minimum lifting height of 17”

• Maximum height of 107”Maximum height of 107”

• CRG head, easy to use locking pinsCRG head, easy to use locking pins

• 2 straps attached at base2 straps attached at base

• Easy to use locking pinsEasy to use locking pins

Tool Orientation Tool Orientation Push Plates Push Plates • Designed for ram supportDesigned for ram support• Other usesOther uses

– Hook and AnchorHook and Anchor– Vehicle StabilizationVehicle Stabilization– Hi-Lift Jack HookHi-Lift Jack Hook– Tire BaseTire Base


Wire Rope (Cable)Wire Rope (Cable)• A complex machine A complex machine • 5-1 Safety Rating/Design Factor5-1 Safety Rating/Design Factor• Construction:Construction:

– 114 separate steel wires 114 separate steel wires – Many different types Many different types

• Five standard grades:Five standard grades:– IronIron– Cast SteelCast Steel– Extra Strong Cast SteelExtra Strong Cast Steel– Plow SteelPlow Steel– Improved Plow Steel Improved Plow Steel


In each of the In each of the grades mentioned; grades mentioned; the constructions the constructions divide themselves divide themselves into four general into four general classifications…classifications…

6 x 7

6 x 19

6 x 37

8 x 19

Coarse Lay

Flexible

Extra Flexible

Extra Flexible


Come-A-Long Come-A-Long • Two main types Two main types

– Chain HoistChain Hoist– Wire Rope TypeWire Rope Type

• Hand powered types use a ratchet wheel and Hand powered types use a ratchet wheel and ratchet leverratchet lever

• The advantage is that they can usually be operated The advantage is that they can usually be operated in any orientation for pulling, lifting or bindingin any orientation for pulling, lifting or binding

• O'Connell plates may be used to anchor a come-a O'Connell plates may be used to anchor a come-a longlong

Rigging equipment for material Rigging equipment for material handlinghandling

• Four grades:Four grades:– Grade 28 General Utility ChainGrade 28 General Utility Chain

– Grade 43 High Test ChainGrade 43 High Test Chain

– Grade 70 Binding ChainGrade 70 Binding Chain

– Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain: The Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain: The only only one used for one used for overhead liftingoverhead lifting

G 80

ChainChain

• 16’ grade 80 3/8” chain with grab hooks16’ grade 80 3/8” chain with grab hooks

• Approved for overhead liftingApproved for overhead lifting

• Working load limit is 7,100 lbs.Working load limit is 7,100 lbs.

• All components must meet or exceed limitsAll components must meet or exceed limits

• 4-1 Safety Rating or Design Factor4-1 Safety Rating or Design Factor

Chains Chains • Alloy steel chains Alloy steel chains • Welded alloy steel chain Welded alloy steel chain

slingsslings– Permanently affixed durable Permanently affixed durable

identification stating identification stating • SizeSize

• GradeGrade

• Rated capacityRated capacity

• Sling manufacturerSling manufacturer

What Chain does Your Department What Chain does Your Department Use?Use?

• Alloy steel chains Alloy steel chains • Job or shop hooks and Job or shop hooks and

links, or makeshift links, or makeshift fasteners, formed from fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments, shall such attachments, shall not be usednot be used

Tool OrientationTool OrientationChains and Hooks Chains and Hooks • Can be used for pulling and stabilizingCan be used for pulling and stabilizing• Danger ZoneDanger Zone

– 360360oo around the winch or pulling device around the winch or pulling device

– The length of the chainThe length of the chain

– Hooks will fail in the direction of the back of hookHooks will fail in the direction of the back of hook

– Wire rope will recoil violently dropping only 6 inches for Wire rope will recoil violently dropping only 6 inches for every 10 feet, Stand Clear!every 10 feet, Stand Clear!

– Using a chain choker reduces the chain strength by 40% Using a chain choker reduces the chain strength by 40%

Ratchet Strap Operation

The TeleCrib® Strut system comes with special Rescue 42 red 10,000 Lb. rescue straps. Hook clusters and cinch rings are also provided to increase system versatility. Straps are supplied in 27’ lengths. If you decide this is too long, you may simply cut the straps shorter and melt the ends.

We recommend that you make several lengths of old fire hose slit up the side for use as edge protectors if the straps are against sharp glass or metal. Velcro may be applied on the inside edges of the hose for better operation.

Straps are for use both with the struts, by themselves (example: strap two vehicles together or strap a vehicle to a fixed anchor) or in combination with the hook clusters or cinch rings.

3,335 lb working load / 10,000 lb test load, 12,000 lb impregnated strap

Stabilization Stabilization

StabilizationStabilizationTypes of Stabilization DevicesTypes of Stabilization Devices• Cribbing Cribbing

– Box CribsBox Cribs– Cross TiesCross Ties– Step CribsStep Cribs

• StrutsStruts– ARTART– ParatechParatech– Rescue 42Rescue 42– KodiakKodiak– CrutchCrutch– Junkyard Dogs Junkyard Dogs

StabilizationStabilizationStabilization Goals Stabilization Goals

• Five movements to overcomeFive movements to overcome1.1. Vertical Movement…Vertical Movement…

2.2. Horizontal Movement…Horizontal Movement…

3.3. Pitch…Pitch…

4.4. Yaw…Yaw…

5.5. Roll…Roll…

• Look at stabilizing the vehicle like trying to Look at stabilizing the vehicle like trying to stabilize a ball; prevent any type of movementstabilize a ball; prevent any type of movement

StabilizationStabilization

• When a vehicle slips a couple of inches, it’s a real When a vehicle slips a couple of inches, it’s a real problem; a finger can be lost that quickproblem; a finger can be lost that quick

• Spend extra time making sure that all vehicles are Spend extra time making sure that all vehicles are stabilized and won’t move stabilized and won’t move

Stabilization GoalsStabilization Goals


Stabilizing a vehicle on its side:Stabilizing a vehicle on its side:• Increase the area of contact between the vehicle and the Increase the area of contact between the vehicle and the

ground using wedges and cribbingground using wedges and cribbing• Airbags may be used in conjunction with cribbing, but Airbags may be used in conjunction with cribbing, but

watch your timewatch your time• High lift jacks may be used for additional stability High lift jacks may be used for additional stability

StabilizationStabilizationTensioned StabilizationTensioned Stabilization

• The most effective stabilization technique The most effective stabilization technique

• A 6 to 8 foot 4 x 4, chain and O’Connell A 6 to 8 foot 4 x 4, chain and O’Connell plate with a Come-A-Long plate with a Come-A-Long

• Create a stable “Raker Shore” Create a stable “Raker Shore”


Stabilization Points Stabilization Points • When using struts on large When using struts on large

vehicles, a large amount of vehicles, a large amount of cribbing is eliminated, but is cribbing is eliminated, but is never totally never totally

• Struts applied under the Struts applied under the frame of the trailer or bus is frame of the trailer or bus is similar to a vehiclesimilar to a vehicle

StabilizationStabilizationTypes of Stabilization Surfaces Types of Stabilization Surfaces

• Loose Material…Loose Material…

• Slippery…Slippery…

• Slick (lack of texture)…Slick (lack of texture)…

• Sloping…Sloping…

• Moving…Moving…

• Optimal Surfaces to Utilize…Optimal Surfaces to Utilize…


Vehicle and Machinery Construction Vehicle and Machinery Construction

• Posts Posts

• RoofRoof

• FloorFloor

• Wheel WellsWheel Wells

• Substantial Areas Substantial Areas

StabilizationStabilizationHazard StabilizationHazard Stabilization

• Electrical Electrical

• MechanicalMechanical

• FuelFuel

• ChemicalChemical

• Pneumatic Pneumatic

StabilizationStabilization• Isolation Methods Isolation Methods • Securing Energy SourcesSecuring Energy Sources• Power FeedbackPower Feedback• Specialized System Specialized System

Care should be taken when controlling hazards as not to eliminate the potential use by rescuers of

beneficial systems

Give examples of beneficial systems

Winch Operations Winch Operations

What is a Winch?What is a Winch?What is a Winch?What is a Winch?

NEXT

A winch consists of a drum that is powered by a gear reduction system used for hauling or pulling.

WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!

NEXT

WARNING!

DUTY CYCLE REFERS TO THE TIME THE WINCH CAN BE WORKING BEFORE IT NEEDS TO COOL DOWN. ALL POWERED WINCHES WILL BE SUBJECT TO A DUTY CYCLE. IF THE MOTOR HOUSING IS HOT TO THE TOUCH, THE WINCH SHOULD BE RESTED UNTIL THE HOUSING IS COOL.

WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!

NEXT

WARNING!WINCHES ARE NOT HOISTS OR ELEVATORS

•Hoisting is lifting a load or lowering a load

•The safety factor designed into a winch is not adequate for lifting purposes.

•A winch must not be used for lifting or personnel transport operations!

Winch OperationsWinch Operations• Winch Operations at a Rescue SceneWinch Operations at a Rescue Scene• Winch Safety Points Winch Safety Points • Every winch has a rating, know what it is and don’t go Every winch has a rating, know what it is and don’t go

over itover it• Maximum pulling is only at the first layer and decreases Maximum pulling is only at the first layer and decreases

for each wrapfor each wrap• Min 5 wraps on 1Min 5 wraps on 1stst layeror rescue layeror rescue

– Wrap 1 = 8,000 lbsWrap 1 = 8,000 lbs– Wrap 2 = 6,700 lbsWrap 2 = 6,700 lbs– Wrap 3 = 5,700 lbsWrap 3 = 5,700 lbs– Wrap 4 = 5,000 lbsWrap 4 = 5,000 lbs– Wrap 5 = 4,500 lbsWrap 5 = 4,500 lbs

Winching Winching OperationsOperationsWhat if you don’t have a What if you don’t have a

winch?winch?Snatch StrapSnatch StrapRated for 33,000 lbs.Rated for 33,000 lbs.Use instead of chainUse instead of chainMade to take a shockMade to take a shock load and work like aload and work like a rubber band.rubber band.Attach to a frame Attach to a frame mounted trailer hitchmounted trailer hitch or hook on the vehicle.or hook on the vehicle.

Winching Winching OperationsOperations

Now we have a winch!Now we have a winch!

Winching OperationsWinching OperationsElectric ControlsElectric Controls

Plugs into the winch

Forward and reverse control

Winching OperationsWinching OperationsManual ControlManual Control

Free Spool

Engaged

Controlled by lever on winch

Winching Winching OperationsOperations and recovery gear.and recovery gear.

Edge Protection/Wire Cover

Snatch block

Anchor Strap

1’’ Clevis

Snatch block is rated for 12,000.

Anchor strap is rated:Extended – 4,400 lbs.Choked – 3,500 lbs.Doubled – 8,800 lbs.

Winching OperationsWinching OperationsTree StrapTree Strap

Choked Doubled

Winching OperationsWinching OperationsStraight Line PullStraight Line Pull

Winching OperationsWinching OperationsUsing Winch Mechanical AdvantageUsing Winch Mechanical AdvantageListen to the winch

The duty cycle is about 30 seconds under load

If it starts to bog down it is being overloaded

Mechanical advantage will allow you to cut the work load of the winch down

Winching OperationsWinching OperationsUsing Winch Mechanical AdvantageUsing Winch Mechanical Advantage

Double line pull

Winching OperationsWinching Operations

Double line pull

Winch OperationsWinch OperationsWinches and cablesWinches and cables • Tarp will act as a damperTarp will act as a damper• A tarp is a good visual warning A tarp is a good visual warning • When a hook breaks, it moves in When a hook breaks, it moves in

the direction of the back of the the direction of the back of the hookhook

• When starting to pull, keep slackWhen starting to pull, keep slack• Using a rope that is too small is Using a rope that is too small is

dangerousdangerous• A winch must be maintainedA winch must be maintained

Winching Winching SafetySafety

Do not slide winch wire through hands.Do not slide winch wire through hands. If the winch wire is frayed or damaged, injury can If the winch wire is frayed or damaged, injury can

be sustained by sliding the wire as opposed to be sustained by sliding the wire as opposed to using a hand over hand technique or holding onto using a hand over hand technique or holding onto the hook.the hook.

When winch control is released, the winch spool When winch control is released, the winch spool will continue to spin for a few seconds before it will continue to spin for a few seconds before it comes to a complete stop. comes to a complete stop.

If the frayed wire were to grab your hand and you If the frayed wire were to grab your hand and you were too close to the winch, your hand could be were too close to the winch, your hand could be sucked into the fairlead. sucked into the fairlead.

Safety ZonesSafety Zones


When winch is under tension:When winch is under tension:Stand backStand backDon’t step over itDon’t step over itDon’t touch itDon’t touch it

Use edge protectionUse edge protection


Use anchor strapUse anchor strap Do not attach hook to wire ropeDo not attach hook to wire rope

Outside ScenarioOutside Scenario

• Performance Standard 10-4, StabilizationPerformance Standard 10-4, Stabilization

• Car Lift Car Lift – AirbagsAirbags– StrutsStruts– Cribbing Cribbing

• Vehicle on its sideVehicle on its side

• Typical off-road terrainTypical off-road terrain

Heavy LiftingHeavy LiftingSafety RemindersSafety Reminders• NO personnel under a supported loadNO personnel under a supported load• Lift and inch, crib an inchLift and inch, crib an inch• All protective gear at all timesAll protective gear at all times• Assign a safety officer Assign a safety officer • Watch your toesWatch your toes• Avoid soft ground, provide a solid baseAvoid soft ground, provide a solid base• Finish the top of the box crib with a solid layerFinish the top of the box crib with a solid layer


• Bags can be ejected when ½ or less of the bag is Bags can be ejected when ½ or less of the bag is covered with the loadcovered with the load

• Don’t attempt to lift when the angle is greater than Don’t attempt to lift when the angle is greater than 30o. The greater the angle, the greater the risk of 30o. The greater the angle, the greater the risk of slippage slippage

• Crib and Wedge to create a base that is parallel to Crib and Wedge to create a base that is parallel to the loadthe load

• Always crib as you liftAlways crib as you lift• Don’t stand in front of the air bags as you liftDon’t stand in front of the air bags as you lift

Safety RemindersSafety Reminders


• If the load shifts, the bags can be forcefully If the load shifts, the bags can be forcefully ejected ejected

• Never sit while cribbing, squat on both feet Never sit while cribbing, squat on both feet and be prepared to move quicklyand be prepared to move quickly

• Never lift a hot or rough object without Never lift a hot or rough object without protectionprotection

• Never use a beam or pipe with partial Never use a beam or pipe with partial surface contact, use plywood surface contact, use plywood

Safety RemindersSafety Reminders

2011 vm rescue day final

Education

Transcript of 2011 vm rescue day final