2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist...
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![Page 1: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research
Stephen ChildsNew York State Maple Specialist
Cornell UniversityResearch funded by the New York
State Farm Viability Institute
![Page 2: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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![Page 8: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Vacuum: New Spout and drop vs. old spout and drop
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New spout +drop
Old spout +drop
120% or2.2 times,14.1 more gallons of sap per tap
![Page 9: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Vacuum: Check valve + old drop vs. old spout and drop
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new check valve +old drop
old spout and drop
101% or2 times
increase10.2 moregallons of
sap per tap
![Page 11: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Vacuum: Check valve vs. old vs. new
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap new check valve +old drop
old spout and drop
New spout + drop
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Vacuum: 2nd year silver (brushed) vs. old spout + drop
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
2nd yearsilver(brushed) +old dropold spout + drop
72% or 1.7 times or increase of8.8 more gallons of sap per tap
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Vacuum: new vs. 2nd year silver(brushed) vs old
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sap
per
tap 2nd year
silver(brushed) +old dropold spout + drop
New spout +drop
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Vacuum: 2nd year spout + drop vs. old spout and drop
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
2nd year spout + drop
old spout and drop
31% or 1.3 times more
sap flowImprovement
3.9 more gallons of sap
per tap
![Page 17: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Vacuum: 2nd year vs. old vs. new
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
02/16/11 02/26/11 03/08/11 03/18/11 03/28/11 04/07/11 04/17/11
Date
Gallo
ns of
sap p
er tap
2nd year spout + drop
old spout and drop
New spout + drop
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Vacuum: Cooperator site (Roy and Ed) new vs. 2nd year
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
2nd year spout +drop
New spout anddrop
6% differenceOlder tubing produced .8 more gallons per tap (22” vacuum)
![Page 20: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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Vacuum: Silver extender + old drop vs new spout + drop
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Silver ext onold drop
New spout +drop
28% or 1.3 times more sap, 4.7 gallons more sap per tap
![Page 22: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Vacuum: Silver extender + old drop vs. new vs old
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Silver ext on old drop
New spout + drop
Old spout + drop
![Page 23: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Vacuum: Tap sanitation comparison
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Silver ext on old drop
New spout + drop
Old spout + drop
new check valve +old drop
![Page 24: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
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Vacuum: Evaluation of a 5/16 dryline to each tap
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
new spout + drop
new spout + drop + dry line
18% increaseNot
scientificallysignificant
![Page 29: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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Vacuum: 7/16 spout vs. 5/16 spout
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new 7/16
new 5/16
![Page 31: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Gravity: New spout + drop vs. old spout + drop
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New spout + drop
Old spout + drop
133%, 2.4 times or 6.5 more gallons per tap
![Page 33: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Gravity: Check valve spout + old drop vs. new spout and drop
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
check valve spout +old drop
New spout and drop produced 21% or 1.8 more gallons of sap per tap than a check valve and old drop
![Page 35: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Gravity: New vs. check valve vs. old
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
check valve spout +old drop
Old spout + drop
![Page 36: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Gravity: Old drop washed in alcohol vs. unwashed
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Alcohol wash
new spout old drop
![Page 38: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Gravity: Comparison of alcohol wash vs. new and old drops
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
Alcohol wash
new spout old drop
Old spout + drop
![Page 39: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Gravity: 2nd year spout + drop vs. old spout + drop
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
2nd year spout anddrop
Old spout and drop
100% or 4 gallons per tap increase in sap yield
![Page 40: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Gravity: 2nd year vs. old vs. new
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
2nd year spout and drop
Old spout and drop
New spout + drop
![Page 41: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
2 year old spout and tap vs. old tap and drop - gravity
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
3/3/2010 3/8/2010 3/13/2010 3/18/2010 3/23/2010 3/28/2010 4/2/2010 4/7/2010
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
2 year old spout and drop
Old spout and old drop
17% increase
2010
![Page 42: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
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Silver spouts new and second year
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New silver spout + olddrop
2nd year silver spoutand drop
26% differenceNot scientifically
significant
![Page 44: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Gravity: Siver spout comparison
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New silver spout + old drop
2nd year silver spout and drop
New spout + drop
Old spout and drop
![Page 45: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Gravity: Tap sanitation comparisons
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
Alcohol wash
new spout old drop
Old spout + drop
check valve spout + old drop
![Page 46: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Gravity: tap sanitation comparison
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
Alcohol wash
Old spout + drop
check valve spout + old drop
New silver spout + old drop
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Vacuum vs. Gravity
• Vacuum levels usually 16” – 17”
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Vacuum vs. gravity - new spout and drop
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New vacuum
New gravity
151% increase, 2.5 times more
Sap or15.6 more
Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac
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Vacuum vs. Gravity - old spout and drops
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Gravity - old
Vacuum - old
110% increase, 2.1 times more
Sap or5.3 more
Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac
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Vacuum vs. Gravity - Check valve spout + old drop
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Vacuum - CVS
Gravity - CVS
140% increase, 2.4 times more
Sap or11.9 more
Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac
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2010
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Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet
• Basic rules of thumb
• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%
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Vacuum pump rated at 60 CFM at 15" vacuum CFM capacity at different vacuum levels
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24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Inches of Vacuum
CFM
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Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet
• Basic rules of thumb
• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%
• for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased by 5%
![Page 55: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
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Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet
• Basic rules of thumb
• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%
• for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased by 5%
• 1 cfm of pump capacity required for each 100 taps at the desired vacuum
![Page 57: 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f3a5503460f94c571b2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet• Basic rules of thumb• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%• for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased
by 5%• 1 cfm of pump capacity required for each 100 taps at the
desired vacuum• vacuum cost estimated at $200 per cfm depreciated
100% over 5 years with 20% added for electric• cfm capacity of pump as rated at 15" of vacuum• sap converted to syrup at 43 gallons of sap per gallon of
syrup• priced at wholesale value of $3.00 per pound
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