2011 8-2 Powerpoints

Period Two

by Dana C, Rachel C, and Trevor C

What are organic compounds?

• They are compounds that contain carbon

• Organic means “of living things”• Organic compounds can be found in

products of living things and in materials produced in labs and factories

More on organic compounds…

• They are part of the solid matter of every organism

• They are part of products made from organisms

• Example: Paper from wood of trees• Petroleum, or crude oil, is what the

raw material of what most manufactured organic compounds are made of

Properties of organic compounds

• Low melting and boiling points• Liquid or gas at room temperature• Have strong odors• Don’t conduct electric current• Don’t dissolve in water

Hydrocarbons Team 2

Alex C.Mikayla F.Axel D.Paladin G.

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen.only the elements carbon and hydrogen.

Properties of HydrocarbonsProperties of Hydrocarbons

Like many other organic compounds Like many other organic compounds hydrocarbons mix poorly with water.hydrocarbons mix poorly with water.

Hydrocarbons are flammable.Hydrocarbons are flammable.When hydrocarbons burn they release a When hydrocarbons burn they release a

great deal of energy.great deal of energy.Hydrocarbons are used for fuel in stoves.Hydrocarbons are used for fuel in stoves.

Chemical Formulas of Chemical Formulas of HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons compound differ in the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule.

• The simplest hydrocarbon is methane.• The formula for hydrocarbon is CH4.• A hydrocarbon with two carbon atoms is ethane.• Ethane is made up of 2 carbon atoms.• A hydrocarbon with 3 carbon atoms is propane.

Structure of HydrocarbonsStructure of Hydrocarbons

The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon may be straight, branched, or ring-may be straight, branched, or ring-shaped.shaped.

If it has 2 or more carbon atoms, the If it has 2 or more carbon atoms, the atoms can form a single line (straight atoms can form a single line (straight chain)chain)

Structural FormulaStructural Formula

Structural formula shows the kind, Structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.in a molecule.

Isomers-Double Bonds and Triple Bonds

Isomers-Double Bonds and Triple Bonds

Team 4’s 8-2 sectionTeam 4’s 8-2 sectionPgs 300-301Pgs 300-301

By: Emily Fleming, Jacob DeVore, and By: Emily Fleming, Jacob DeVore, and Diamond EscobedoDiamond Escobedo

Team 4’s 8-2 sectionTeam 4’s 8-2 sectionPgs 300-301Pgs 300-301

By: Emily Fleming, Jacob DeVore, and By: Emily Fleming, Jacob DeVore, and Diamond EscobedoDiamond Escobedo

IsomersIsomers

Compounds that have the same chemical Compounds that have the same chemical formula, but different structural formulas.formula, but different structural formulas.

C4H10C4H10 H H H H H H HH H H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-H H-C----C-----C-HH-C-C-C-C-H H-C----C-----C-H H H H H |H H H H | H-C-HH-C-H HHButane^ Isobutane^Butane^ Isobutane^

Compounds that have the same chemical Compounds that have the same chemical formula, but different structural formulas.formula, but different structural formulas.

C4H10C4H10 H H H H H H HH H H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-H H-C----C-----C-HH-C-C-C-C-H H-C----C-----C-H H H H H |H H H H | H-C-HH-C-H HHButane^ Isobutane^Butane^ Isobutane^

Isomers (cont)Isomers (cont)

Each isomer is a different substance Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic propertieswith its own characteristic properties

1.1. Butane and isobutane are isomers that Butane and isobutane are isomers that have different melting and boiling have different melting and boiling pointspoints

Each isomer is a different substance Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic propertieswith its own characteristic properties

1.1. Butane and isobutane are isomers that Butane and isobutane are isomers that have different melting and boiling have different melting and boiling pointspoints

Double Bonds and Triple BondsDouble Bonds and Triple Bonds Two carbon atoms can form a single, Two carbon atoms can form a single,

double bond or a triple bonddouble bond or a triple bond A carbon atom can also form a single A carbon atom can also form a single

or double bond with an oxygen atom.or double bond with an oxygen atom.1.1. A single bond is represented with a single A single bond is represented with a single

line (C-C)line (C-C)2.2. A double bond is represented with two A double bond is represented with two

dashes (C=C)dashes (C=C)3.3. A triple bond is represented with three A triple bond is represented with three

dashes (C=C) dashes (C=C)

Two carbon atoms can form a single, Two carbon atoms can form a single, double bond or a triple bonddouble bond or a triple bond

A carbon atom can also form a single A carbon atom can also form a single or double bond with an oxygen atom.or double bond with an oxygen atom.

1.1. A single bond is represented with a single A single bond is represented with a single line (C-C)line (C-C)

2.2. A double bond is represented with two A double bond is represented with two dashes (C=C)dashes (C=C)

3.3. A triple bond is represented with three A triple bond is represented with three dashes (C=C) dashes (C=C)

Substituted Hydrocarbons Substituted Hydrocarbons and Compounds and Compounds

containing Halogenscontaining Halogens

By Alex Maurice, Lydia By Alex Maurice, Lydia Hernandez, Caleb Rabbon, Hernandez, Caleb Rabbon,

Trevor GianniniTrevor Giannini

Substituted HydrocarbonsSubstituted Hydrocarbons

A substituted hydrocarbon is when one A substituted hydrocarbon is when one atom of another element is substituted for atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbona hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon: They only contain carbon Hydrocarbon: They only contain carbon hydrogenhydrogen

Carbon can form stable bond with oxygen, Carbon can form stable bond with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.nitrogen, and sulfur.

Substituted Hydrocarbons include halogen-Substituted Hydrocarbons include halogen-containing compounds, alcohols and containing compounds, alcohols and organic acids.organic acids.

If just one atom of another element If just one atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, a different compound a hydrocarbon, a different compound is createdis created

In some substances hydrocarbons, In some substances hydrocarbons, on or more hydrogen atoms replace on or more hydrogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms. Recall that the only hydrogen atoms. Recall that the only halogen family includes fluorine, halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

One compound Freon was widely One compound Freon was widely used for refrigeration and air used for refrigeration and air conditioners. How ever it is a very conditioners. How ever it is a very hazardous compound that is said to hazardous compound that is said to hurt the environment.hurt the environment.

Alcohols and Organic Acids

By: Aly, Autumn, Brys, and Nolan

Alcohol

• An Alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups

• Most alcohols dissolve well in water

• They have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons with a similar number of carbons

• Methanol is a liquid at room temperature

• Methane is a gas at room temperature

Organic Acids

• An Organic Acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups

• The carboxyl group is written as COOH

• Lemons, oranges, and grapefruits are examples of things that have organic acids in them

• Methanal

• Methane

• Vodka

• Beer

• Whiskey

• Rubbing Alcohol

The End

• There is no more slides after this one.

Esters and Polymers

By: Gabi, Campbell, Eric, Ashley, Thomas

Esters

• A compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid.

• Many esters have pleasant fruity fragrances.

Examples of Esters!

• Bananas!

• Strawberries!

• Apples!

• Pineapples!

• Ingredients in medicine including Aspirin, anesthetic used by dentists.

Polymers

• A polymer a very large molecule that consists of smaller monomers that are a linked together in a chain.

• Organic compounds such as alcohols, esters, and others can be linked together to build polymers with thousands or even millions of atoms.

Examples of Polymers

• Wool and cotton fibers.

• Silk

• Synthetic polymers are made in factories.

• Polyester (synthetic polymer)

• Plastic (synthetic polymer)