SPATIALIST · 2011. 11. 8. · • Co-ordination cell Flemish e-Government • AGIV • INcGEO •...
Transcript of SPATIALIST · 2011. 11. 8. · • Co-ordination cell Flemish e-Government • AGIV • INcGEO •...
SPATIALIST Spatial Data Infrastructures and Public
Sector Innovation in Flanders (Belgium)
Joep Crompvoets,
7 November 2011
Contents
■ Project SPATIALIST
■ Results
0-measurement
Case studies
MAMCA
SPATIALIST
Website: www.spatialist.be
Project research question
What are the
- technological,
- legal,
- economic,
- organizational and
- inter-organizational
requirements to further develop the Spatial Data
Infrastructure in Flanders?
Location of Flanders
Project characteristics
Start: September 2007
Duration: 4.5 years
Funding: Agency for the promotion of Innovation by Science and
Technology in Flanders (IWT)
Scientific disciplines:
- Public administration
- Geomatics
- Law
- Sociology
- Economics
Motivation
- GI-Research primarily focused on technological issues of GIS
- Institutional framework, policy and human resources described as
stable, non-moving factors
- More technology: Not a sufficient condition for an SDI to be used
- Failing Implementation of SDI due to non-technological issues
- Limited number of studies about organizational, public
administration, legal, and economics SDI-issues -> Not much
knowledge what must be done to avoid failure
- Need to improve the Flemish SDI
Partners
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
2. Public Management Institute
(Geert Bouckaert)
3. Spatial Applications Division Leuven
(Jos Van Orshoven)
4. Interdisciplinary Centre for Law
& ICT
(Jos Dumortier)
5. Centre for Sociological Research
(Geert Van Hootegem)
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
1. Laboratory MOSI
(Cathy Macharis / Frank Plastria)
Scientific expert board
Public administration science Prof. Victor Bekkers
Geomatics (GI-Technology) Prof. Arnold Bregt
Law Dr. Mireille van Eechoud
Economics Prof. Eddy Torfs
Sociology/Management science Prof. Paul Hendriks
Multicriteria decision aid Prof. Johan Springael
Spatial data infrastructures Prof. Yola Georgiadou
Prof. Zorica Nedovic
Prof. Ian Masser
User group
• Providing input about SDI key issues
• Participating in case studies
• Providing feedback on (intermediate) results
• Evaluating/validating the (project) results
• Enhancing the interdisciplinary character of the research
Members • Association of Flemish Cities and Municipalities
• City of Leuven
• Association of Flemish provinces
• Co-ordination cell Flemish e-Government
• AGIV
• INcGEO
• National Geographic Institute
• Flemish Services for Government Policy
(April 2008)
Results
- 0-measurement (2008)
- Case studies
- MAMCA
Definitions I
■ Few define SDI as a (dynamic) network – Tulloch & Harvey (2007)
User
User
Producer
User
User
User/producer
Producer
Coordinator3 levels
Organisation (Node)
Data flow (Link)
Network (SDI)
Definitions II
An SDI is an
■ Shared network of organizations
■ to facilitate
■ the access, use and sharing of spatial
data
0-measurement: response
Total 255 509 (public) organisations 50%
Federal 11 40 organisations 28%
Flemish 61 109 organisations 56%
Provincial 8 10 organisations 80%
Municipal 166 308 organisations 54%
Local authorities 9 42 organisations 21%
Municipal response (May 2008)
0-Measurement: Organisations
■ 60% mainly user, 40% user as well as producer
■ GIS Use in public organisations in Flanders:
65% no GIS use – 20% as a tool
13% integrated in process – 2% steering
■ 75% organisations: no policy for data exchange
0-Measurement: Data flows
AGIV main spatial data supplier in Flanders, other
important suppliers Federal Public Service Finance and
Provinces
90% of data flows free or dissemination costs
40% of data flows ready for use
SDI – network in Flanders (1)
SDI-network in Flanders(2)
Perceelsnetwerk Adresnetwerk
Wegennetwerk Hydrografienetwerk
Parcels network Address network
Roads network Hydrography network
SDI-network in Flanders (3)
West-Flanders Limburg
East-Flanders
Antwerp Flemish-Brabant
Network as a whole
Density Distance
Parcels 0,0119 1,312
Addresses 0,0062 1,832
Roads 0,0046 1,519
Hydrography 0,0044 1,709
Individual characteristics
Centrality within the
parcel network
FOD Financiën 89,000
AGIV 62,000
Oost – Vlaanderen 17,000
R-O Vlaanderen 7,000
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths of current SDI in Flanders
1. Wide supply of spatial data
2. Centralized data provision
3. Data access
Weaknesses of current SDI in Flanders
1. Data actualization
2. Lack of coordination
3. Lack of human capacity
Priority GDI-investment
In case you would get 100,000 € to be invested in the development of
the Flemish SDI, for what would you invest?
Links to Priorities of stakeholders for further development of
Flemish SDI
GDI-investment (€ 100,000)
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
13. Other activities
12. Better cooperation
11. Other processing structures
10. Strengthen exist. coord. structure
9. Education
8. New applications
7. Network services at coord. organ.
6. Own network services
5. Metadata descrip & maintenance
4. Purchase external datasets
3. Better harmonisation/standardis.
2. More frequent updates
1 Produce new spatial datasets
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Euros
GDI-investment
Entire population (109 respondents)
Flemish (24) Provinces (7) Municipalities (67) Local authorities (6)
Final measurement (2011)
Final measurement (Results)
Little change compared with 2008
Similar use of geodata within business processes
Strengthening central position AGIV
- 54% of the flows refer to AGIV
- >90% of the municipalities receive AGIV-data
Cadastre + Provincies: Important players
Strengths: Accessibility + Central access AGIV
Weaknesses: Actualisation + Access constraints
Final measurement (Results)
Opinion improvement
(2008 – 2011) Improvement No improvement
1. Data accessibility 63,4% 18,8%
2. Extension data/service offer 57,0% 8,6%
3. Standardisation / harmonisation 34,9% 22,6%
4. Integration in work processes 33,3% 23,7%
5. Actualisation 29,0% 37,1%
6. Extension demand 22,0% 4,8%
7. Education 22,0% 20,4%
8. Cooperation 19,9% 35,5%
9. Financing / Funding 2,7% 22,0%
10. Others 1,1% 2,7%
11. Do not know 10,2% 23,7%
Case Studies
■ Case = process within the public sector in Vlaanderen, wherein spatial data plays a role
■ Production, exchange and use of
Spatial planning (RUP)
Maintenance of Address Data
Registration of Traffic Accidents
Mapping floods
■ Embedded cases:
5/6 organizations within a case
Case studies
Detailed study
Spatial data access, use and sharing happens in a
network of business processes
Case: specific business process in which the exchange
of spatial data is important
Process step
Organisation
A
B
C
F
E
D
H
G
I
Process step
Organisation
A
B
C
F
E
D
H
G
I
Case studies
■ Focus: public sector
■ Objective: To map the spatial data Access, Use and Exchange of
specific business processes
To examine possible reasons or factors that influence the spatial data Access, Use and Exchange – Technological
– Organizational
– Public administration science
– Legal
– Economic
Workshop AD SDI Assessment 33
Scheme
SET-UP
Technology – geo-standards
Legislation
Licensing & Funding
Organisation
Coordination & cooperation
PERFORMANCE Access, use and sharing
+
Contribution to the
Performance of the process
Analysing business processes
• Spatial Planning
• Mapping floods
• Registration of traffic accidents
• Maintenance of addresses
Case-Performance results
Spatial
planning
Addresses Accident
registration
Risk maps
Flooding
Efficiency High Medium Low High
Intensity of use Medium /
High
Low Medium High
Degree of
sharing
Medium /
High
Low Low Medium
Success factors:
- Degree of Standardisation
- Open Attitude towards Privacy
- Consistent Data Policy
- Organisational geodata management integrated in
work processes
Case adresses
Case Maintenance of Address
data ■ Process
Production of address data
Use of address data in processes of the organization
Internal and external exchange of address data
■ Selection of organisations
2 provinces: Antwerp, West-Flanders
3 municipalities: Leuven, Mechelen, Zwijndrecht
Embedded case
Side case
Adressennetwerk
Key chain
Side chain
Gemeente
Zwijndrecht
Stad Mechelen
Stad Leuven
AGIV Provincie
Antwerpen
Provincie
West-
Vlaanderen
Rijksregister AAPD KBO
De Lijn
Set-up – General
■ High demand for address data
■ Similar problems with address data maintenance and improvement
■ Awareness of the need to improve and integrate
■ Separation between personal and company data
■ Numerous sources of address files within organization
■ Little integration between address files of the different services
■ Awareness of privacy issues
Set-up - Differences
■ Some organizations disseminate address data via services,
other organizations work with (analogue) list
■ Security is sometimes very high, sometimes low
Performance – General /
Differences ■ Limited GIS-integration within address maintenance
process
■ Limited use of GIS for (address) analyses
■ Low exchange of address data among services
Differences
■ Level of GIS-use between processes and organizations
Registration of Traffic Accidents
Registration of Traffic Accidents
■ Process
Registration of traffic accidents
Use of traffic accident data in processes of the
organization
Internal and external exchange of traffic accident data
■ Selection of organizations
3 police zones: Leuven, Vlas, Het Houtsche
2 provinces: Flemish-Brabant, West-Flanders
Federal Police
Statistic office
Embedded case
Side case
Verkeersongevallennetwerk
Key chain
Side chain
Politiezone
Dilbeek
Politiezone
Het Houtsche
Politiezone /
Stad Leuven
FOD Financiën Provincie
West-Vlaanderen
Provincie
Vlaams-Brabant
Departement MOW
Steunpunt Verkeersveiligheid
BIVV
Agentschap Wegen en Verkeer
Federale politie
Federale werkgroep
ongevallenstatistiek
Vlaams verkeerscentrum?
BE-Mobile?
ISLP?
Ziekenhuizen?
NIS
Set-up – General
■ Process steps at many organizations
■ No much interaction between process steps
■ Localization of individual accidents happens independently at
different organizations
■ Different methods applied for localization (from only x,y-
coordinates to a detail drawing of the accident)
■ Two levels of registration – localization – analysis – use
Set-up - Differences
■ Ways of traffic accident data exchange
■ Level of involvement
■ Level of metadata production and use
■ Level of outsourcing
Performance – General /
Differences General
■ Access to accident data not optimal
■ Police: own measurement and mapping techniques
■ Application GIS low; just for consultation/geocoding, not for
analyses
Differences
■ Access to spatial data (own data, external data)
■ Use of spatial data
■ Dissemination of spatial data
Summary results Case Studies
Set-up: Use and Exchange of spatial data not fully integrated in
business processes
Differences set-up: Big differences between organizations
and cases
Performance: Use and Exchange of spatial data far from
optimal
Differences Performance: Big differences between organisations
and cases
MAMCA (Method)
Stakeholder analysisStakeholder analysis
Stake-holder 1
Stake-holder 1
C11C11 CCAlternativesAlternatives
Cn1Cn1 Cnm
Cnm
Stake-holder m
Stake-holder m
Ref.Ref.
AlternAltern
C11C11 Results
Implemen-
tation
Implemen-
tation
scenariosscenarios
resultresult
resultresult
CnmCnm
resultresult
resultresult
IndicatorsIndicators Measurement
methods
Measurementmethods
C11C11
CnmCnm
Mitigation
strategies
Mitigation
strategies
C11C11 CC
Wn1Wn1 Wnm
Wnm
W11W11 Wnm
Wnm
Overall analyses
(MCA)
+/0/-+/0/-Deployment
scenarios
Deployment
scenarios
11
22
6655
44
33
77
Steps of Multi-Actor
Multi-Criteria Analysis
MAMCA
Private
sector Govern-
ment
Going concern
Less Hierarchy /
More market
More
Hierarchy
Hierarchy/ Market
Less Hierarchy /
more Network
R&D
sector
Utili-
ties
OVERALL
Tangible results ■ 3 Staten-Generaal Flanders Geoland
■ 4 PhDs
■ 5 Books
■ 28 Book chapters
■ 15 articles in scientific journals
■ 60 articles in popular magazines
■ 80 Conference papers
■ 8 Research reports
■ 150 presentations during scientific meetings
■ 20 study day presentations in Flanders
■ 8 presentations at high political/administrative platforms
■ 13 workshops organised for uses
■ Contribution to GDI-Flanders (Flemish government agreement,
Flanders in Actie, GDI-Council / Working group)
Assignment
What are the requirements to develop
successful Spatial Data Infrastructures?
Questions
Website: www.spatialist.be