Degrees of ease: Adoption of OER, Open Textbooks and MOOCs in the Global South
2011-11-09 In Search of Affordable Textbooks: How OER Can Reduce Costs (Sloan-C Conference)
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studentpirgs.org In Search of Affordable Textbooks: How OER Can Reduce Costs International Conference on Online Learning November 2011 • Orlando, FL • #aln2011 Nicole Allen The Student PIRGs www.maketextbooksaffordable.org [email protected] @txtbks
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An introduction to open textbooks and OER as a solution to the high cost of textbooks. 9 November 2011 Sloan Consortium International Conference on Online Learning Orlando, FL This session was webcast for virtual attendees. For more information see: http://sloanconsortium.org/conferences/2011/aln/search-affordable-textbooks-how-oer-can-reduce-costs.
Transcript of 2011-11-09 In Search of Affordable Textbooks: How OER Can Reduce Costs (Sloan-C Conference)
studentpirgs.org
In Search of Affordable Textbooks:
How OER Can Reduce Costs International Conference on Online Learning
November 2011 • Orlando, FL • #aln2011
Nicole AllenThe Student PIRGs
@txtbks
studentpirgs.org
Textbooks cost HOWmuch???
studentpirgs.org
$101.6
7
Popular
WritingTextbook
studentpirgs.org
$224.9
5
Popular
Calculus
Textbook
studentpirgs.org
$255.9
5
Popular
Econ 101
Textbook
studentpirgs.org
“Student loan debt outpaced credit card debt for the first time last year and is likely to top a trillion dollars this year.”
studentpirgs.org
Students should expect
to spend
$1137 per year
- College Board
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250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
1989 1994 1999 2004 2009
Textbooks vs. Inflation
Textbooks
Inflation
Prices are rising
4 times
inflation
- Student PIRGs
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26% of tuition @ public 4-year
72% of tuition @ comm. College
- GAO
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7 in 10 students surveyed hadn’t bought a required text due to cost
- Student PIRGs
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Student PIRGs Research
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used 5th edition
$81.78
6th Edition
$224.95
Unnecessary
New Editions
Publisher Practices
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$213.95
with CengageNOW Personal Tutor CD, Student Study Guide, InfoTrac 2-Semester Printed Access Card
StatisticsCostly
Bundles
Publisher Practices
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Limited
E-Books
$142.95only
Publisher Practices
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Market Failure
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Producer
Consumer
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Publisher
Student Professor
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Publisher
Student Professor
FAIL
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Rx Drug Company
Patient Doctor
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Student PIRGs campaign 2003-
2011
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Exposing the ProblemCampaign
Activities
• 8 studies on various elements of the issue
• 1,000+ media hits over the last 8 years
• Congressional investigation
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Organizing FacultyCampaign Activities
• 700 prof letter on new editions
• UCLA math dept negotiated 25% cut
• 23-campus Calstate faculty resolution
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Price Disclosure LawsCampaign Activities
• Passed laws in WA, OR, CT, AZ, CA (sort of)
• Passed federal law in 2008, took effect Jul 1, 2010
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Higher Education Opportunity Act• Publishers must disclose
prices to professors
• Publishers must offer books unbundled
• Colleges must list books during registration
Price Disclosure Laws
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Promote AlternativesCampaign Activities
• 3,000 profs signed statement endorsing open textbooks
• Student “marketing” force met with over 2,000 professors
• Open textbook catalog
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And…
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Fall 2011 National Tour
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Mr. $200
Textbook
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Textbook
Rebel
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40 Campuses
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6 Weeks
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9,500 Miles
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TextbookRebellion.org
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“More ways to save than ever before”
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Used Books• 75% the new
cost in the bookstore
• 60% of the new cost online
• Buy from from friends, classmates
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Renting• 40% of the new
cost per semester
• Online or on campus (new)
• Up-front savings, no buyback blues
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E-Books• 50% of the new
cost (in print)
• Usually a 180-day subscription
• Some limits on printing and access
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E-Readers• Many different
devices available
• Cost $379- $1000+
• Additional cost for content
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66%Keep Some
34%Rent All
75%Prefer print
25%Prefer digital
Student Preferences
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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Used Books
Rentals
E-Books
E-Readers
25%
61%
52%
39%
Average Savings
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
E-Readers
E-Books
Rentals
1%
8%
33%
Maximum Savings
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
studentpirgs.org
We can do better than that.
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OER
OpenEducationalResources
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“Educational materials offered under a license allowing the public to freely use, adapt and
distribute the content”
studentpirgs.org
OERAssessments
Homework Syllabi
Exercises
Lecture Notes
Labs
Video
s
TextbooksTutorials
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What does “open” actually mean?
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All Rights Reserved
Some Rights Reserved
vs.
Open Licensing
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Open Licensing
Rights:• Freely use the work• Adapt, remix, revise the content• Create and distribute copies
Conditions:• All: Credit the author• Some: Share under same license• Some: Use must be not for profit
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Open LicensingSystem of standardized open
licenseswww.creativecommons.org
Attribution (BY)
Attribution Share-Alike (BY-SA)
Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike (BY-NC-SA)
Attribution No Derivs (BY-ND)
Attribution Non-Commercial(BY-NC)
Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivs (BY-NC-ND)
studentpirgs.org
$25
Open
WritingTextbook $0 pdf
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Open
Calculus
Textbook
$12
$0 pdf
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Open
Econ 101
Textbook
$45
$35 pdf$0
html
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What’s the catch?
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There isn’t one.*
* Obviously there are still some challenges.
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Criteria 1: Quality
• Covers similar content, with exercises and illustrations
• Written and reviewed by experts
• Used at Harvard, Caltech, UCLA…
Open Textbooks
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Criteria 2: Cost
• Freely available online to everyone
• Downloadable and printable at a low cost
• Hard copies typically cost $20-40 and can be sold at the bookstore
Open Textbooks
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Criteria 3: Fit• Open license allows instructors
to adapt the text to fit the class
• Update in real time (but no unnecessary new editions)
Open Textbooks
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Overall Savings
E-Readers
E-Books
Rentals
Open Textbooks
1%
8%
33%
80%
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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Publisher
Student Professor
E-books,
Rentals,
etc.
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Publisher
Student Professor
Open
Textb
ooks
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$10,114$75,000 401(k) after 40 years
$20,115Down Payment On First Home
$24,5754 Years Tuition At Iowa State
401(k)
Economics90 Students
Calculus150 Students
Physics185 Students
Savings from switching to open textbooks.
Source: www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/research
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How is it sustainable?
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Individuals• Wider distribution
of work
• Sabbatical projects
• Personal motivation
OER Models
Robert Beezer
“The world didn’t need another linear algebra book. It needed a free one.”
linear.ups.edu
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Institutions• Pool resources
with other colleges with similar needs
• Pass policies supporting faculty use of OER
OER Models
Community College Consortium for OER
More than 200 colleges working to review, create and promote OER.
oerconsortium.org
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Foundations• Grants or prizes to
OER authors
• Support the development of sustainable models
OER Models
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State Gov’t• Investment in OER
to reduce higher ed costs
• Federal investment in OER that improves access/quality
OER Models
WA recently launched OER library for its 81 largest courses.
The 1st year will save students $1.3 million.
opencourselibrary.org
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Federal Gov’t• Invest in
“generic” OER content that can be localized
• Require open license for all taxpayer funded resources
OER Models
US Dept. of Labor created $2 billion grant program to improve job training.
The first wave of grants required a CC BY license on all materials created.
studentpirgs.org
Publishers• Lots of room for
improvement on traditional model
• Business models built around books rather than on them
OER Models
Commercial open textbook publisher
Revenue (incl. royalties) from selling optional print copies, study aids.
flatworldknowledge.com
studentpirgs.org
Making affordable textbooks a
reality
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FACULTY can seek & consider open textbooks, and use other cost reducing practices.
More information here:studentpirgs.org/textbooks/take-action
What You Can Do
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STUDENTS can speak to their professors and encourage them to consider open textbooks.
More information here:studentpirgs.org/textbooks/take-action
What You Can Do
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COLLEGES can offer support to faculty interested in adopting or writing open textbooks.
More information here:studentpirgs.org/textbooks/take-action
What You Can Do
studentpirgs.org
AUTHORS can show preference for publishers using alternative models, like open textbooks.
More information here:studentpirgs.org/textbooks/take-action
What You Can Do
studentpirgs.org
In Search of Affordable Textbooks:
How OER Can Reduce Costs International Conference on Online Learning
November 2011 • Orlando, FL • #aln2011
Nicole AllenThe Student PIRGs
@txtbks
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