2011 01 19 Bridge Construction Partner

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    B R I D G E CONSTRU CTIO N PARTNER

    PRECASTSEGMENTAL

    CONSTRUCTION

    INSITU

    CONSTRUCTION

    HEAVY LIFTING

    STAY CABLECONSTRUCTION

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    CONTENTS

    From Post-tensioning to Bridge Construction Partner ------- 3

    VSL turnkey services ----------------------------------------------------- 4

    Safety first ------------------------------------------------------------------- 6Encouraging development of employees skills ------------------- 7

    Precast segmental erection

    Balanced cantilever erection with launching gantry ------ 8

    Span by span erection with launching gantry -------------- 10

    Balanced cantilever erection with lifting frames ---------- 12

    Balanced cantilever erection with cranes ------------------ 14

    Precast beam method -------------------------------------------- 16

    Full span precast method --------------------------------------- 18

    Span by span erection on falsework ------------------------ 20

    Insitu construction

    Incremental launching method --------------------------------- 22

    Form traveller method ------------------------------------------- 24

    VSL Form systems ----------------------------------------------- 26

    Heavy lifting applications for bridge construction --------------- 28

    Stay cable bridge construction

    VSL SSI 2000 Stay cable system ---------------------------- 30

    Creating sustainable solutions together----------------------------- 32

    Sungai Johor - Malaysia(2006-2009)

    Gautrain - South Africa(2008-2010)

    North Arm Canada Line- Canada(2006-2008)

    La Unidad Bridge - Mexico(2002-2003)

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    From Post-tensioning to Bridge Construction

    Partner

    VSL is recognised as a world leader in specialist construction engineering andassociated technologies and services. Today, VSL operates as a network through50 locations established on 6 continents. VSL provides a full range of technical

    and construction services for bridge construction, including design evaluation,permanent works design, temporary works design and construction engineering,precasting management and bridge construction.

    Innovative solutions worldwide

    VSL has contributed to some of the most prestigious and complex bridge structuresaround the world, ranging from large span stay cable bridges to conventionalprecast beam bridges. References include: the first full span bridge in Ductal(Seonyu Footbridge, Korea, 2001), Shenzhen Western Corridor, Hong Kong (2006),with a new lifting frame for balanced cantilever construction, allowing constructionof twin decks simultaneously, the Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong (2008), a mostcomplex heavy lifting operation for one of the longest stay cable bridges in the

    world, the Gateway Bridge duplicate in Brisbane, Australia (2009) where VSL hasimplemented new form travellers allowing prefabrication of the web reinforcement,fast track erection of bridge segments on the Light Rail Transit in Dubai (2009),the bridges on the Gautrain railway, South Africa (2010), the Baluarte Stay Cablebridge, Mexico (2010), with the highest main span worldwide.

    VSL has evolved from a specialist post-tensioning company into a multi disciplinebridge partner, capable of providing contractors and engineers with constructionand engineering services for highly complex and demanding projects. Moreimportantly, the localised organisation of VSL provides clients with innovativepractical designs and construction solutions adapted to suit the local market.

    Promoting highly efficient rates of construction

    With extensive experience in large infrastructure and superstructure projects,VSL has a proven record of developing project-specific construction systemsand methods that promote highly efficient rates of construction and facilitateprogramme surety, while maintaining and always enhancing essential safety andquality control measures.

    Lateral thought processes encouraged within the design and production teamsprovide a suitable environment in which to nurture novel, and often remarkablysimple solutions to demanding problems. The exchange of knowledge within theVSL global network enables the groups considerable experience to be fully utilisedand applied in a wide variety of engineering domains.

    As a specialist bridge partner, VSL can bring the project team an extensive

    experience gained from erecting over 100,000 precast bridge deck elements(providing almost 5 million square meters of bridge surface), constructing multiplein-situ bridges utilising VSL form travellers and incremental launching methodsand also being involved in the construction of over 150 stay cable bridges.

    VSL is committed to offering clients the best for project service that has recentlyled to the development and implementation of various innovative Partnering and

    Alliancing arrangements that have proved to be highly successful and mutuallybeneficial to all parties.

    3

    Seonyu Footbridgein Ductal-Korea (2001)

    Taiwan High Speed Rail C215 -Taiwan(2000-2004)

    Shenzhen Western Corridor -Hong Kong (2004-2005)

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    VSLS TURNKEY SERVICESFrom the very early concept design all the way through to the projects handover and beyond, VSL isworking closely with its customers. Owners require the most suitable project completed as quickly aspossible in the most economic and durable manner. Contractors need feasibility studies to establish themost efficient and cost-effective building solution.

    VSL provides

    Collaboration with the permanent works designer forsuperstructure design and rationalisation Construction engineering Geometry control Leadership in the temporary construction works Assistance to designers in making the structure easy and

    efficient to build, including reviewing the small details that willease construction

    Defining and designing the temporary works and specialequipment required, including assessment of their impact onthe permanent structure

    Integrated workshop drawings for fabrication of thesuperstructure

    Incorporation of the post-tensioning with all associateddesign and detailing

    Detailed methods of construction

    Design of temporary works associated with precast yard and moulds

    VSL provides

    Conceptual permanent substructure and superstructure designworks in conjunction with consultants

    Material quantities and specifications, defined in conjunction

    with consultants Superstructure construction methodology, assessment of

    temporary works and special equipment requirements Superstructure construction sequence and programme Preparation of superstructure construction cost estimates for

    budgeting Preparation of outline superstructure safety and quality control

    plans Preparation of outline superstructure project management plans

    Define Optimise

    Choice of construction methods based

    on local environmental and economicconstraints Structure type and the temporary works

    required Project timeline

    Cost comparisons for budgeting

    Structural principles Selection of locally available materials

    Outlined construction methods and definitionof temporary works

    Detailed design of permanent structure,taking account of the construction methods

    Integrated workshop drawings

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    VSL provides

    Monitoring the behaviour and aging of the structure, toanticipate repair costs and to keep maintenance activitiesand their impact on the structural operation to a minimum Defining and planning the most suitable monitoring scheme

    and its budget for installation and implementation Supply of hardware and software for monitoring the structure Training the client and handing over the system Inspection of the structure when required and issuing reports Proposal of repair or strengthening plans if required Implementation of repair and/or strengthening plans as

    required

    VSL provides

    Building the project quickly, efficiently and at the lowestcost possible Mobilisation of an experienced project team for

    superstructure construction, capable of site assistance up tothe level of overall site management

    Implementation of strict safety/QA/QC standards for buildingthe superstructure

    Implementation of operating permits for major equipment Supply of temporary works associated with the precast yard

    and moulds Supply and operation of the temporary works associated with

    superstructure construction Effective site logistics control for superstructure construction

    Effective communication and coordination with the variousentities associated with the superstructure construction

    Fast-track problem solving

    Project control procedures to ensure superstructure deliveryaccording to schedule and specification

    Deliver Maintain

    Design of erection equipment with the performance

    to meet the programme and the specifications Fabrication of temporary works Set-up and management of precasting areas

    Mobilisation of highly qualified staff Management of the construction project

    Monitoring of the structure

    Periodic maintenance Strengthening if required

    Repairs on demand

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    Safety first

    VSLs construction projects for bridgesand other structures involve the operationof major items of machinery, which are

    usually designed or adapted to meet the

    specific conditions and constraints of eachparticular project. This means that VSLsequipment is usually complex and oneof-a-kind, controlled by multiple operators.It therefore requires a high level ofpreparation, engineering, coordinationand skills to ensure its safe and efficientoperation.

    Health and safety

    VSLs top priority is the health andsafety of its workforce and everyoneelse potentially affected by its activities.VSLs approach meets internationalstandards and routinely goes beyond localrequirements and expectations on all itsconstruction sites worldwide. The wholeVSL Group adopts this attitude. Worldwide

    safety days are organised within thenetwork with the aim of improving safetyawareness and standards.

    Although projects are supported by strongsafety teams, all VSL staff membersare also well aware that safety is a vitalconcern.All employees actively participate in thecreation of a safe working environment byproactively identifying and communicatingany concerns encountered on the job. All

    employees are given the authority andresponsibility to stop what they are doing

    and address the situation if they feel itcompromises safety.

    MEOP a license tooperate

    To improve safety and efficiency, thein-house operating permit system MEOP(major equipment operation permit) iscompulsory on all VSL projects usingmajor equipment.

    The permit system is based on thefollowing principles:- Design review process that includes

    an external and independent checkingengineer

    - Review of the project set-up in terms ofmethods, procedures, checklists, holdpoints, emergency preparedness, healthand safety

    - Review of organisational and back-upplans as well as training and qualifyingof key staff, with written tests designed

    to assess understanding of risks andprocedures

    - Review of fabrication and quality controlof the equipment

    - Review of the equipment assembly andcommissioning

    - Review of all critical operations- General site review

    Permits are granted by a panel of

    independent internal auditors at theconclusion of a site audit carried out toreview all of the above aspects, checkingsafety, quality, technical and operationalissues.Permits are generally valid for a periodof six months and are renewed then or atany time when there is a change on theproject such as construction methods,organisation and equipment.

    Permit No.

    MAJOR EQUIPMENT OPERATIONPERMIT

    The operation of the following Major Equipment is permitted: in the specified location; under the authority of the specifiedProject Manager; in strict accordance with the permit conditions; and, during the specified period only.

    Profit Centre: Project Name:

    Project/Job No.: Project Manager:

    Equipment Type: Equipment No.:

    Equipment Function: Form travelers for In Situ Balance Cantilever construction (underslung)

    In accordance withMajor Equipment

    Operation Plan Ref.:Rev.: A Date:

    Additional Conditions YES (See Attached) NO

    Permit Period (inclusive)

    From: To:

    Permit Type: Commissioning Phase Operational Phase Revised Issue No.: 1

    ApprovalName Position Signature Date

    Approved By:Group Special projectcoordinator

    Changes to Permit Conditions

    Any changes to the permit conditions (i.e. to the Major Equipment Operation Plan, or the attached conditions) must be notified immediately to the MEO Teambefore equipment operation proceeds.If the permit requirements cannot be followed for any reason operation of the major equipment must stop until authorization is received.

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    Gateway Bridge Upgrade - Australia(2008)

    Sagarra Garrigues - Spain(2008)

    Baluarte Bridge - Mexico(2010)

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    Back to basics: the VSLAcademy, dedicated for

    training site staff

    The transfer of knowledge and acquiredexperience by senior staff to new staffmembers used to be one of the ways topass on not only the technical details butalso the companys culture and values.Given the evolution in recent years, this

    intergenerational transfer is no longerguaranteed throughout the ever growingnetwork. It has thus been decided to createthe VSL Academy, a unique Post- tensioningtraining centre in Bangkok that has beencreated to tackle this challenge.

    To enable hands-on practical training, post-

    tensioning mock-ups have been built on theAcademys premises and further mock-upsare being designed to cover other appropriateoperational procedures.

    The training sessions are given by experiencedstaff and the access to the various levelsis stringent: a written exam has to besuccessfully passed to fulfill the requirementsin stage certification. Before being admittedto the next level, the participants have tobe involved in Post-Tensioning works for aminimum of one year.

    Training for Excellence:

    thePMX / GMX programVSL launched its PMX (Project ManagerXcellence) training program in 2006 todevelop the capability of Project Managersto take on major projects and managethe operational side of the business. Theobjective is to improve their knowledge and

    objective management capabilities.On the basis of these training courses,GMX (General Manager Xcellence), a newprogram, focuses on corporate issues,rather than only project specific ones.GMX is designed to develop the skills of

    VSL Managers, in particular leadershipand personal development; to preparehigh potential staff for future managementpositions. GMX runs alongside the existingPMX program as part of VSLs overall staffdevelopment plan.

    VSL demanding projects and the highestrequirements in terms of quality of service

    reflect themselves in a resolutely proactivetraining organisation within the company. Thecontinuous development of VSLs staff is a keyfactor for excellent performance. It is thus vitalto properly manage competences internallyat all levels and to structure and formalize the

    training accordingly.

    Encouraging development of employees skills

    7

    VSL Academy

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Front Upper Cross BeamMain Truss

    Rear Upper Cross Beam

    Direction of Erection

    Rear Lower Cross Beam Front Lower Cross Beamear Support Leg

    Segment Delivery on CompletedDeck or at Ground Level

    Stitching Beam

    Closure Stitch FormworkStressing Platform

    N-1 N

    LANCED CANTILEVER

    PRECAST SEGMENTAL ERECTION

    BALANCED CANTILEVER ERECTION WITH

    VSL has over 20 years experience inthe design and construction of precastsegmental balanced cantilever bridges.VSL in-house technical centres are

    primarily involved in the design of erectionsystems and associated temporary works,and have also completed many permanent

    works designs in close cooperationand conjunction with Designers andConsultants.VSL has the capability and necessary

    experience to work with designers andcontractors to develop cost effective designsthat promote safe, effective construction

    sequences and methods while achievingoptimal productivity. VSL is recognisedas a world leader in precast segmentalerection and has worked extensively with

    international contractors on technicallydemanding projects. VSLs highly efficienterection systems enable contractors to

    8

    Telok Blangah - Singapore(1998-2001)61,440m2 of deck, 1,460 segments

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    Front Support Leg

    Pier Bracket

    N+1

    Description

    Span N-1

    Stitch N to N-1

    Curing of Stitch (Overnight)

    Continuity P.T.

    Span N

    Launch Gantry to Span N

    Segment Erection Span N

    Span N+1

    Erect Pier Segment

    Align Pier Segment

    Place Reinforcement

    Place Formwork

    Cast Insitu Diaphragm

    Curing Pier/Column Joint

    Duration: 6 Shifts

    1 2 4 5 63

    Typical Erection Cycle

    LAUNCHING GANTRY

    minimise construction durations whileoptimising quality. VSL regularly achievesproduction rates exceeding one cantileverper week.

    Within the VSL organisation, there is anextensive network of project managerial,technical and production staff.

    9

    econd Gateway Bridge - Australia (2008-010) 29,526m of deck, 700 precast elements

    Lai Chi Kok - Hong Kong (2004-2006)63,000m2 of deck, 1,771 segments

    henzhen Western Corridor - Hong Kong2004-2005) 90,800m2of deck, 1,879 segments

    Waiwera Viaduct - New Zealand (2007-2008)12,130m of deck, 356 pre-cast segments

    hatin T3 - Hong Kong (2004-2007)5,800m2 of deck, 1,806 segments

    Pakse Bridge - Laos (1998-2000)16,284m2 of deck, 384 segments

    Delivery of segments alongcompleted deck to rear ofgantry minimises disruption to

    existing traffic networks.

    Necessary temporaryworks require little groundimprovement and are generally

    elevated, therefore causingminimal disruption to existingroads, structures or services.

    Support craneage is reduceddue to temporary works beingrelocated by gantry.

    Clear, unobstructed access toall work fronts is provided withingantry system.

    Work can proceed on multiplework fronts within the gantry,i.e pier segment erection,cantilever construction andclosure pour construction.

    Temporary loads are introduceddirectly into piers.

    Fast rates of erection arepossible (up to 6 pairs of

    segments per shift are regularlyachieved by VSL).

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Main Truss

    Direction of Erection

    Rear Lower Cross Beam

    Rear Support Leg

    Segment Delivery atGround Level

    Hanger Beams

    Winch

    Upper Cross Beam

    N-2 N-1 N

    SPAN BY SPAN

    PRECAST SEGMENTAL ERECTION

    SPAN BY SPAN ERECTION WITH LAUNCHING

    VSL has been involved in an extensivenumber of span-by-span precast segmentalprojects in the Asia region and has recentlycompleted large segmental infrastructure

    projects in South America and the MiddleEast. Often in the face of demandingdesign, program and site constraints, VSL

    has a proven ability to provide Consultants,Engineers and Contractors with innovative,practical and cost effective solutions, provingto be mutually beneficial to all parties

    involved.VSL erection systems are developed tooptimise permanent works design and

    minimise additional temporary worksrequired during the construction stage.Within the VSL network, an extensive poolof suitably qualified personnel is available

    to manage, supervise and operate thehigh capacity erection gantries. Generally,in support of the production teams, each

    10

    Deep Bay Link - Hong Kong(2004-2005)108,000m2 of deck, 3,014 segments

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    Front Lower Cross Beam

    Front Support Leg

    N+1

    Description

    Duration: 4-Day CycleTypical Erection Cycle

    Launching of Gantry

    Segment Placing

    Segment Alignment / Gluing

    Wet Joint Casting

    Curing (Overnight)

    Installation of External P.T.

    Stressing of External P.T.

    1

    D/S N/S N/S N/S N/SD/S D/S D/S

    2 43

    GANTRY

    project will have a project specific technicalteam responsible for providing details, andadvising on and monitoring the works toensure all necessary technical and safety

    aspects are provided for. In addition, variousVSL technical centres are utilised to providespecific assistance if and when required.

    Regular erection rates achieved are 1 spanper 2.5 days with underslung gantries, and1 span per 4 days with overhead gantries.Being allowed to operate 24-hour a day, VSL

    recently achieved in Chile a typical erectioncycle of 1 span every 24 hours.

    11

    ght Rail Transit Duba - UAE (2007-2009)30,000m, 16,450 segments

    Deep Bay Link - Hong Kong (2004-2005)108,000m2 of deck, 3,014 segments

    West Rail - Hong Kong (1999-2002)16,667m2 of deck, 8,642 segments

    Bandra Worli - India (2002-2006)132,130m2 of deck, 2,332 segments

    ennys Bay - Hong Kong (2003-2004)6,240m2 of deck, 627 segments

    Bangalore Hosur Elevated Expressway India (2006-2008) 9.5km of elevated deck

    Flexibility to use overhead orunderslung gantries.

    Fast rates of erection arepossible due to use ofexternal post-tensioning (VSLhas achieved rates of erectionexceeding 1 span every 24

    hours).

    Segment delivery is possiblealong completed deck to rear ofgantry or at ground level.

    Smaller crew size is requiredcompared to balanced

    cantilever construction.

    Good access provided withinthe gantry to all work fronts.

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Segment Delivery atGround Level

    Alignment/SupportBracket

    Stressing Platform

    Stitching Beam

    Closure Stitch FormworkLifting Spreader Beam

    Stressing Platform

    Rail Beam Lifting FrameUpper Cross Beam

    N-2 N-1 N

    LIFTING FRAME

    PRECAST SEGMENTAL ERECTION

    BALANCED CANTILEVER ERECTION WITH

    VSL continually develops innovativelifting solutions applicable to precastsegment erection. VSL strand lifting units,incorporating multiple safety features are

    regularly utilised, providing a large rangeof lifting capacities whilst allowing precisealignment and placement of segments.

    Ex tens i ve s tud ies conduc ted byVSLs techni cal centres facilita te th edevelopment of project specific liftingsystems. Precast element delivery

    usually governs the method adopted andVSL have successfully operated liftingframes suitable for use on projects with

    considerable delivery constraints. VSLlifting frames are self-contained andincorporate safe unobstructed workingplatforms and accesses to all necessary

    locations.Following assembly, installation andcommissioning by suitable cranes, VSL

    12

    West Tsing Yi - Hong Kong (2004-2005)14,000m2 of deck, 250 segments

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    Hanger Beams

    1stpair of eld segments erected by crane.Segments are suspended from hanger beams

    or lifting frames when there is a wet joint.

    Pier Segment Erection by Crane

    N+1 N+2

    Segment Erection - Pair 2-3

    Segment Erection - Pair 6-7

    Segment Erection - Pair 8-9

    Segment Erection - Pair 10-11

    Segment Erection - Pair 12-13

    Remove Lifting Frames

    Segment Erection - Pair 4-5

    Wet Joint Curing

    Wet Joint Construction

    Segment Erection - Pair 1

    Duration: 13 Shifts

    1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 133

    Erect & Assemble Lifting Frames &Brackets on Pier Head

    Description

    Typical Erection Cycle

    LIFTING FRAMES

    lifting frames can operate independently.VSL lifting systems incorporate two primaryhydraulic systems providing both lifting andself-launching mechanisms. When high

    lifting speeds are required, generally greaterthan 20 meters per hour, tandem liftingunits or winch systems have been utilised.

    VSL technical centres typically work withengineers to incorporate necessary liftingsystem tie down into the permanent works,to ensure suitable load introduction into the

    permanent works and also provide stageby stage analysis, geometry control andprecamber calculation. VSLs experienced

    supervisory teams regularly achieveerection cycles of two pairs of segmentsper shift.

    13

    erembam Middle Ring Rd 2 Malaysia (2008-009) 12,196m of deck, 481 precast elements

    Quarashia Bridge - Saudi Arabia(1989-1990) 12,820m2 of deck, 143 segments

    ai Chi Kok - Hong Kong (2004-2005)3,000m2of deck, 1,771 segments

    isosansen Bridge - Japan (1998-2001)0,000m2 of deck, 344 segments

    Shenzhen Western Corridor - Hong Kong(2004-2005) 90,800m2 of deck, 1,879 segments

    Relatively simple temporaryworks requirements.

    High rates of erection.

    Large segments can beerected.

    Optimised crew cycles.

    Multiple levels of segmentalignment and adjustment arepossible.

    Strand lifting units can be

    adopted and provide severallevels of safety features.

    Deck construction does nothave to be linear, but canbe sequenced to follow pierconstruction.

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Segment Delivery atGround LevelAlignment/Support Bracket

    Hanger BeamsStitching Beam

    Closure Stitch Formwork

    Stressing Platform

    N-2 N-1 N

    CRANE

    PRECAST SEGMENTAL ERECTION

    BALANCED CANTILEVER ERECTION WITH

    Erection using suitable mobile craneagehas frequently been executed by VSL,particularly in relation to balanced cantileverconstruction. When site and ground

    conditions are suitable, this method oferection has proved highly effective and canfacilitate considerable rates of erection.

    VSL project teams provide detailed craneagestudies helping to optimise crane usage whileminimising disruption to the surroundingenvironment. In particular, VSL has assisted

    contractors to develop and implementtemporary traffic management schemes.VSL technical centres work with production

    team to develop additional temporary works,in particular pier segment supports andaccess requirements. VSL is capable ofoffering stage-by-stage analysis and detailed

    precamber calculation. With careful projectdesign and management, cranes of varyingtypes and capacities have been utilised by

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    West Rail - Hong Kong(1999-2002)8,330m2 of deck, 617 segments

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    1stpair of eld segments erected by crane.Segments are suspended from hanger beams

    if there is a wet joint to be cast.

    Pier Segment Erection by Crane

    N+1 N+2

    Description

    Duration: 8 Shifts

    1 2 4 5 6 7 83

    Installation of

    Pier Segment Support Brackets

    Installation of Pier Segment

    Segment Erection - Pair 1-3

    Segment Erection - Pair 4-6

    Segment Erection - Pair 7-9

    Segment Erection - Pair 10-12

    Typical Erection Cycle

    CRANES

    VSL to achieve the best operating results.Typical erection rates are up to 6 segmentsper day.

    15

    ai Chi Kok - Hong Kong (2004-2006)3,000m2 of deck, 1,771 segments

    West Link - Australia (2004-2005)6,000m2 of deck, 3,013 segments

    West Rail - HongKong (1999-2002)8,330m2 of deck,617 segments

    Shatin T3 - HongKong (2004-2007)65,800m2 of deck,1,806 segments

    Temporary works requirementsare minimised.

    Fast rates of erection are possible.

    Multiple work fronts arepossible.

    Optimised crew size.

    Minimal engineeringrequirements.

    Cranes are generally readilyavailable in the market.

    Cranes can be utilised toexecute other activities.

    Deck construction does nothave to be linear, but canbe sequenced to follow pierconstruction.

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Front Upper Cross Beamin Lifting Position

    Support Tower

    Rear Upper Cross Beamin Lifting Position

    Direction of Erection

    Rear Lower Cross Beam

    Front Lower Cross Beam

    Rear Support Leg

    Beam Delivery at Ground Level

    Main Truss

    N-2 N-1 N

    PRECAST BEAM

    PRECAST SEGMENTAL ERECTION

    PRECAST BEAM METHOD

    VSL has considerable experience in theerection of various precast beam structures.Methods of erection have been developedfollowing extensive studies relating to

    site constraints. Generally, the delivery ofprecast beams to the erection front is thedeterminant that influences the method of

    erection system to be adopted. VSL hasutilised a variety of launching girders, beamlaunchers and lifting frames, capable ofreceiving precast beams directly behind,

    below or in parallel to the erection system.I beams, U beams and T beams have beenerected extensively.

    In addition to the erection of primarystructural members, VSL has also beenresponsible for the complete constructionof bridge decks including placement of

    precast planks, and insitu works. VSLsexperienced project specific management,supervisory and technical teams facilitate

    16

    N-S Link - Jakarta(1989-1991)2,000 beams

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    Front Support Leg

    N+1

    Description

    Typical Erection Cycle Duration: 2-Shift Cycle (Hours)

    Shift - 1(10 Hour Shift)

    Shift - 2(10 Hour Shift)

    Lift and place 1stbeam (outer most) with

    precast plank on top

    Lift and place 2ndbeam with precast plank

    on top

    Lift and place 3rdbeam with precast plank

    on top

    Lift and place 4thbeam with precast plank

    on top

    Reposition the intermediate planks into

    final position

    Move gantry to center viaduct then launch

    to next span

    rates of erection often exceeding one spanper day.With the precast beam method, strand andwinch lifting units are utilised, providing

    safe and precise placement of precastelements, allowing multiple degrees ofalignment and efficient rates of erection.

    Tandem lifting of full span precast beams withcranes has also been adopted facilitating thelifting of large loads often exceeding 100tonnes in weight and 40m in length.

    17

    alau Island Bridge - Palau (2003-2005)000m2 of deck, 52 beams

    Cebu Coastal Road - Philippines (2001-2002) 24,000m2 of deck, 320 beams

    arasin Bridge - Phuket, Thailand (1991-992) 7,800m2 of deck, 182 beams

    East Coast Parkway - Singapore(1981)68,250m2 of deck, 180 beams

    utong Lumut Coastal Highway - Brunei2001-2003) 6,100m2 of deck, 210 beams

    Saraburi - Thailand (1994-1995)

    Fast rates of erection.

    Relatively simple erectiongantry, or crane erection.

    Beam delivery possiblealong completed deck to rearof gantry, thus minimisingdisruption to existing trafficnetworks.

    Small works crew size.

    Geometry control is minimised.

    Precast beam production isrelatively simple and requireslow levels of mechanisation.

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    N+2 N+3

    Front Mobile Support

    Front Fixed Leg

    Support Beam

    Description

    Typical Erection Cycle Duration: 1-Day Cycle (Hours)

    5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 237

    Delivery New Span from Yard to

    Erection Site

    Erection of New Span

    Return Launching Carrier to Yard

    Launching Carrier Available for

    Yard Handling

    Load New Segment intoLaunching Carrier

    Load Transfer from Temporary to

    Permanent Bearings

    Prepare Permanent Bearings

    for Grouting

    Grout Permanent Bearings

    of precast elements along the completeddeck reduces disruption to existing trafficnetworks and helps minimise groundimprovement works that would otherwise

    be required to transport large elements atground level.

    19

    aiwan High Speed Rail C215 - Taiwan2000-2004) 260,000m2 of deck, 602 spans

    aiwan High Speed Rail C215 - Taiwan2000-2004) 260,000m2 of deck, 602 spans

    aiwan High Speed Rail C215 - Taiwan2000-2004) 260,000m2 of deck, 602 spans

    Seven Mile Bridge - USA (1980-1982)130,000m2 of deck, 265 spans

    MRT - Singapore (1985-1989)114,000m2 of deck, 1,000 spans

    MRT - Singapore (1985-1989)114,000m2 of deck, 1,000 spans

    Very high rate of production,with very high quality.

    Minimal follow up works.

    Full span production infactory environment allowsimprovements in quality ofprecast elements.

    Delivery of elements to rearof gantry is possible alongcompleted deck thereforeminimising disruption to existingtraffic networks.

    Reduced on site activities,improves safety and

    environmental concerns.

    Minimal additional temporaryworks are required.

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Segment Delivery at Ground Level

    Stressing PlatformSpan JackSpan Jack

    N-2 N-1 N

    Falsework Support

    Temporary Support

    Relocation of Falsework Support

    FALSEWORK

    PRECAST SEGMENTAL ERECTION

    SPAN BY SPAN ERECTION ON FALSEWORK

    VSL has adopted the falsework supportmethod on many precast segmentalprojects.Dependent upon the imposed loading and

    the effective height, conventional scaffoldsupport or heavy shoring systems areutilised. Hydraulic systems are incorporated

    to enable temporary segment support,alignment and load transfer onto piers.Typically, segments are loaded onto thefalsework support using suitable craneage.

    However, if access is limited, VSL has alsodeveloped alternative solutions for thehandling and loading of segments. VSL

    engineering and production staff conductextensive logistic studies relating to siteaccess, segment handling and temporaryfoundation needs. Modular support systems

    are adopted to minimise relocation durationsand to optimise erection rates. Long spansupport structures are often developed to

    20

    Deep Bay Link - Hong Kong(2004-2005)108,000m2of deck, 3,014 segments

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    N+1

    Description

    Typical Erection Cycle Duration: 4-Day Cycle (Days)

    1 2 43

    Installation of Scaffold Support

    Erection of Segments

    Alignment and Gluing

    Post Tensioning Operations

    Load Transfer onto Permanent Bearings

    cater for road or rail crossings. Supportstructures incorporate access and workingplatforms and may include suspendedcontainments to manage falling debris.

    Typical erection rates are up to one spanevery three days.

    21

    West Rail - Hong Kong (1999-2002)16,667m2 of deck, 8,642 segments

    Pennys Bay - Hong Kong (2003-2004)16,240m2 of deck, 627 segments

    eep Bay Link - Hong Kong (2004-2005)08,000m2 of deck, 3,014 segments

    Pennys Bay - Hong Kong (2003-2004)16,240m2 of deck, 627 segments

    West Link - Australia (2004-2005)6,000m2 of deck, 3,013 segments

    East Rail - Hong Kong (2000-2003)58,320m2 of deck, 4,449 segments

    Minimised engineeringrequirements are possible.

    Modular support system canbe relocated with ease andrelatively quickly.

    Work can proceed on multiplework fronts.

    Production crew size is fullyutilised and optimised.

    Good access is provided to allwork fronts.

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Launching Nose

    Casting Bed

    Vertical Reaction Beams

    Scaffolding for Access

    Pulling Jack

    Direction of Launch

    Monolithic or Stressed Connectionto 1stSegment

    Launching Bearings

    Lateral Restraint

    N N+1 N+2 N+3

    INCREMENTAL LAUNCH

    INSITU CONSTRUCTION

    INCREMENTAL LAUNCHING METHOD

    The principle of the incrementally launchedbridge consists of building the superstructuresegments in a casting yard located behind

    the bridge abutment. Each segment is

    matchcast against the previous one andprestressed to the section of superstructurealready built. The entire superstructure is

    then jacked forward a distance equal tothe length of this segment. This processis repeated until the bridge is in its finalposition. Additional continuity prestress is

    then installed and the temporary bearingsare replaced by the permanent bearings.This form of construction can be used for

    bridges having constant cross sectionalshape throughout their length. The bridgeshould be straight or have constanthorizontal and vertical curvatures.

    The incrementally launched bridge hasseveral advantages. It eliminates thetraditional scaffolding required for supporting

    22

    Kemena Bridge - Malaysia(2003-2005)32-53m of span length, 4,947.6m2 of surface

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING

    (A)(B)

    (A)

    (A)

    TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

    Cast segment (A),install launching nose,install pulling units

    Pull segment (A) forwardusing pulling jacks at-

    tached to reaction beam

    Construct segment (B), re-peat stage and for remaining segments

    Description

    Typical Construction Cycle Duration: 8-Day Cycle (Days)

    1 2 4 5 63 7 8

    Launch Segment

    Strip and Clean Forms

    Install Base and Web Rebar

    Install Web Forms

    Concrete Base and Webs

    Install Inner Forms

    Install Top Slab Rebar

    Concrete Top Slab

    Curing

    Stress P.T.

    the formwork. This is particularly valuablefor projects with high piers, in urban areas,spanning over deep water, over roads andover railways. Most of the construction

    operations take place in the same location,which may be organised as a precastingyard. The precasting work is thus more

    easily supervised, giving a high quality ofworkmanship. However, it should be notedthat the post-tensioning requirements forthe launching operations usually result in

    higher quantities when compared with otherconstruction methods.

    23

    ybny Potok - Czech Republic (2005)8m of span length, 10,858m2 of surface

    Brides Glens Bridge - Ireland (2003-2004)45.9-65m of span length, 3,200m2 of surface

    Caguanas River Bridge - Puerto Rico(1981) 385m of bridge length

    ampanies Sengkang Flyover - Singapore (2002-2003)4.5-63m of span length, 10,623.85m2 of surface

    Concentrated work frontoptimises craneagerequirements.

    Site constraints such as poorground conditions or groundtraffic restriction can beminimised.

    Minimal temporary works.

    Seven-day cycle is achievable ifovertime is allowed.

    Require only a moderateinvestment in specialised

    equipment such as launchingnose, launching jacks,conventional jacks, launchingbearings and guides.

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    Front Transverse Truss

    Anchoring Jack

    Rail Beam

    Main Frame

    Lower Rear Transverse Beam

    Stitching Beam

    Closure Stitch FormworkEnd Span Falsework

    Form Traveller

    Lower Front Transverse Beam

    Outer Roller Beam

    Form Traveller

    N N+1

    INSITU CONSTRUCTION

    FORM TRAVELLER METHOD

    Developed from VSLs earlier form travellersystems, VSL has produced a standardisedmodular form traveller system, applicableto most contemporary bridge designs. This

    highly flexible system allows efficient andrepeated use on bridges with different crosssections. A variety of casting lengths can be

    adopted to suit engineers designs.Mechanical and hydraulic systems builtinto the form traveller system ensureprecise control of the bridge during

    construction. The lightweight modularsystem requires minimal support craneageduring assembly, erection and relocation.

    Unobstructed working platforms andaccess are incorporated into the formsystem.Reinforcement and concreting operations

    have been optimised by minimisingobstructions caused by the form traveller.Typical cycles of 5 days per pair of segments

    24

    Second Gateway Bridge Australia (2008-2010)29,526m of deck, 700 precast elements

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    INSITU CONSTRUCTION

    VSL FORM SYSTEMS

    VSL has considerable experience in awide variety of insitu form system rangingfrom self climbing form systems utilised

    for pier and pylon construction to largespan underslung movable scaffold supportsystems.To complement any precast erection

    operation, VSL is also able to providedetailed design, supply and operation ofprecast cells required for precast segmental

    bridge decks, precast beams, and also fullspan precast elements. Recently, on theTaiwan High Speed Rail Project, VSL wasresponsible for the complete establishment

    and operation of the casting yard includingreinforcement and concreting operations.VSL form systems are generally modular,

    light weight and provide clear unobstructedaccess to all necessary working areas.Mechanised VSL Form Systems facilitatecasting of highly complex structures with

    26

    Photos of this page:Stonecutters Bridge - Hong Kong

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    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTINGFORM SYSTEM

    variable geometric properties, and producehigh quality finishes often required byclients.

    VSL managed casting yards regularlyachieve precast segmental production ratesof up to one segment per day, per cell.The VSL Climb Form System will generally

    achieve an optimal cycle of three days perfour meter lift, however, due to the modulararrangement of the system, variable lift

    heights can be accommodated with relativeease up to a maximum lift height of sixmeters.

    27

    ght Rail Transit - Dubai (2007-2009)asting Yard

    Tsing Ma Bridge - Hong KongPier climbform

    eppel Bay Bridge - Singapore (2007)132m of deck, 77 bridge segments

    Kisosansen Bridge - JapanMatch cast short line cells

    akse Bridge - Laosatch cast long line

    Metro de Santiago - ChileMatch cast long line

    hnpyung Bridge - KoreaSS

    Taiwan High Speed Rail C215 - TaiwanPretensioning bed and form

    Taiwan High Speed Rail C215 - TaiwanPretensioning bed and form

    Bandra Worli - IndiaMatch cast short line cells

    Metro de Santiago - ChileMatch cast long line

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    HEAVY LIFTING APPLICATIONS FOR BRIDGE

    For economic or technical reasons, todaysbridge structures are often assembled fromlarge, heavy, pre-fabricated elements.For projects in which cranes or other

    conventional handling equipment cannotbe used because of excessive weight,dimensions or space limitations, VSLHeavy Lifting will often provide the mosteffective solution.

    VSL Heavy Lifting provides contractors,engineers and owners with a broad rangeof advantages, including:

    Economy and efficiency, through customdesigned solutions.

    Rel iab i l i t y , based upon soundengineering and three decades of

    experience.

    The highest level of safety through theuse of advanced and reliable hydraulicequipment.

    Unique Solutions

    VSL will plan lifting, horizontal jacking,or lowering operations and design the

    necessary temporary structures to suitthe requirements of the projects. Soundengineering, clear thinking, the ability toinnovate, and years of successful experienceprovide a guarantee of reliable and cost-

    effective solutions.

    Safety

    The safety of personnel and componentsare VSLs first priority. Specialisedhydraulic lifting equipment is designedfor the highest level of reliability, andall equipment is rigorously tested andserviced through VSLs quality controland maintenance program. VSL fieldservices are also based upon a totalcommitment to safety.

    The extensive experience of VSL personneland VSLs exceptional track record providefurther assurance of reliable performance.

    FlexibilityVSLs range of equipment provides thecapability to lift or lower single loadswell in excess of 10,000t and includes alarge range of hydraulic jacks, pumps,controls units, monitoring devices, andmodular lifting/jacking frames. Thus, VSLhas both the capability and flexibilty toperform virtually any project requiringlifting, lowering or horizontal jacking.

    The VSL Service Package

    VSL offers a complete range of servicesfor the planning, engineering, equipmentsupply and execution of any heavy liftingproject. VSL Heavy Lifting services providedthroughout the world include:

    28

    Stonecutters Bridge - Hong Kong (2007-2009)Lifting and shifting of pier table segments and simultaneous lifting of a double deck span of each pylon

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTINGHEAVY LIFTING

    nernillo II Bridge - Mexico(2000)fting of 3 arched steel trusses (600t each)

    CONSTRUCTION

    Feasibility studies and preliminaryconsultation for lifting, horizontal

    jacking and lowering operations.

    Project design and p lanning,equipment specification, schedulingand budgeting.

    Design, manufacture and supply ofspecial equipment and temporarystructures, if required.

    Leasing and operation of VSLequipment and execution by VSLor others.

    The planning of a heavy lifting operationshould be started as early as possible. Earlyinvolvement of VSL specialists will result in a

    handling scheme that optimises the projectseconomy, efficiency and schedule.

    29

    Industrial Ring Road - Thailand (2005-2006) Lifting of 500t bridge deck segment

    heik Zayed Bridge, Abu Dhabi - UAE2009)Turning and lifting bridge segments tonal position.

    Hochdonn Railway Bridge - Germany(2006)Lowering of the steel structure(1.465t, lifting and tilting operations.

    essnerbrck - Switzerland (2006)iding of Bridge 3500t for 23m

    Serebryany Bor-Moskau-Ru Bridge - Russia(2008)VSL Heavy lifting units with hydraulic pumps and strands

    oire River Bridge - Francefting of centre span (2,400t)

    Economy and efficiency throughcustom designed solutions.

    Suitable for any heights andany loads.

    High level of safety as load isalways secured mechanically.

    Reliability based on 35 years ofsolid experience.

    High flexibility with lifting unitsfrom 10t to 600t capacity.

    Lifting levels and loads withextremely tight tolerances aremonitored and maintained with

    highly precise computer-aidedcontrol system.

    Very high capacity to theselfweight ratio.

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    SPAN BY SPAN LIFTING FRAME CRANE PRECAST BEAM FULL SPAN PRECAST FALSEWORK INCREMENTAL LAUNCHLANCED CANTILEVER

    STAY CABLE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

    VSL SSI 2000 STAY CABLE SYSTEM

    The VSL SSI 2000 Stay Cable System isacknowledged as being one of the leading

    systems currently available worldwide. Thesystem is based around the proven VSLstrand and wedge anchorage technologyand is designed to meet the most stringentcriteria offering high fatigue resistance,

    excellent corrosion protection, easymonitoring and maintenance. Installation

    and replacement is carried out using strandby strand method which has the benefit ofrequiring very little space and which utilisesrelatively light weight equipment.In the basic configuration the system

    incorporates greased and sheathedmonostrands contained within a continuous

    external HDPE stay pipe, with no grouting inthe cable. Additional enhancements can beoffered including; metalisation (galvanising)of the monostrands for additional corrosionprotection, coloured HDPE stay pipes,

    30

    Industrial Ring Road - Thailand(2005-2006)Main span length: 398m & 326m

    aipei Ring Road - Taiwan(2008)ain span 200m, 546t of stay cables

    Sucharskiego Bridge- Poland (2000-2001)Main span length: 230m

    Europa Bridge - Portugal (2000-2002)Main span length: 185.6m

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    FEATURES & ADVANTAGES

    RM TRAVELLER FORM SYSTEM STAY CABLEHEAVY LIFTING STAY CABLE

    helical ribbing on the stay pipes to reducerisk of wind rain induced cable vibrations,

    and the VSL Friction Damper one of the mostefficient and robust forms of cable dampingavailable.In addition to the design, supply andinstallation of the stay cable system, VSL is

    able to offer clients a full range of specialistbridge construction services from stage by

    stage construction analysis to the actualconstruction of the entire superstructureincluding the design and supply of thenecessary temporary works and constructionequipment.

    31

    Wadi Leban Bridge - Saudi Arabia (1997)ain span length: 405m

    Neva Bridge - Russia (2002)Main span length: 382m

    eldar Bridge - Colombia (2003)ain span length: 120m

    US Grant Bridge - USA (2003)Main span length: 267m

    ichong Yiling Bridge - Hubei, China (2001)ain Span Length: 348m

    Safti Bridge - Singapore (1995)Main span length: 99m

    aney Bridge - Ireland (2002)ain span length: 109m

    Uddevalla Bridge - Sweden (1998)Main span length: 414m

    Rads La Goulette Bridge - Tunisia(2007) Main span length 120m

    High fatigue resistance.

    Full encapsulation of strandinside the anchorage.

    Factory applied individualprotection treatment, up to 100years design life in the mostaggressive environments.

    Compatible with modernconstruction methods; compactanchorages fully prefabricated

    in workshop, single strandinstallation with light equipment,easy force monitoring and

    adjustment.

    Faster installation and erectioncycles, reduced maintenance.

    Designed to receive in thefuture vibration dampingsystems if necessary.

    Ability to remove and to replaceindividual strands if necessary.

    In some cases, the SSI

    2000 Saddle can replace theanchorage in the pylon, easingconsiderably its detailing andconstruction.

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    CREATING SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS TO

    Each project presents unique challenges and, in

    recognition of this, members of VSLs technical staff

    work with contractors, owners and engineers to

    evaluate projects and determine optimal solutions.

    VSLs Technical Centres in Asia and Europe help

    the group around the world to save large amounts

    of new fabricated steel by recycling existing erection

    equipment for subsequent use on other bridge and

    viaduct construction projects.

    VSL engineers have a

    cultural and professional

    responsibility to design

    safe, economical and

    buildable structures that

    meet the current and future

    needs of their owners

    and the public. VSLs

    sustainable designs aim

    to reduce the amount of waste material, minimise the

    social impact of congestion caused by construction and

    cost less per year of service over the life of the bridge.

    Given VSLs potential involvement in such a wide rangeof engineering works related to bridges and viaducts,

    it is important to contribute to environmental protection

    and to look for savings and recycling

    opportunities. This issue has become

    an integral part of VSL

    Technical Centres

    day-to-day activities.

    VSL Engineering

    For VSL, sustainable construction

    means changing the way we do

    business: providing ever safer

    methods of construction and design,

    using methods and technologies that

    require less virgin material and lessenergy, while mitigating pollution

    and waste. VSL aims to produce

    schemes that ultimately require

    less maintenance and are easier to

    recycle, yet still achieve the required

    quality.

    Many of VSLs systems and

    technologies are already contributing

    significantly to that target. VSL

    however does not limit the effort to

    construction techniques but also

    strives to improve every aspect of

    its activities for the benefit of all,

    and particularly for VSL clients

    concerned with such issues.

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    GETHERVSL Post-tensioning VSL Stay cables

    Post-tensioning is a method of reinforcing

    (strengthening) concrete with high-strength steel

    strands or bars, typically referred to as tendons.

    Post-tensioning is applied to large structures

    including bridges as well as others such as ofces

    and apartment buildings, parking structures, slabs,

    sports stadiums, rock and soil anchors and water

    tanks. In many cases, post-tensioning pushes

    the limits of conventional construction and allows

    schemes that would otherwise be impossible

    because of either site constraints or

    architectural requirements.

    The use of post-tensioning enables

    better use of materials by makingthe concrete work mainly under

    compression and the steel under

    tension. The result is that materials

    are used where they are strongest

    and most efcient, thus reducing

    the volume of materials required

    to build a structure.

    Structures are less vulnerable

    to corrosion as there are

    substantially less or no

    cracks, because the concrete in

    post-tensioned structures is

    generally compressed.

    In addition, the environment

    provided by the concrete gives

    the reinforcing steel natural

    protection against corrosion

    and so structures require

    less maintenance and are

    more durable.

    The use of the VSL PT-

    PLUSsystem with corrugated

    plastic ducts is recommended for

    applications requiring enhanced corrosion protection

    and improved fatigue resistance of the tendons.

    Please refer to the VSL Post-tensioning solutions

    brochure for further information.

    Cable-stayed structures are ideal for spans longer than

    typically seen in cantilever bridges and shorter than those

    requiring a suspension bridge. This is the range in which

    cantilever spans would rapidly grow heavier if they werelengthened, and in which the spans would be too short to

    be economical as a suspension bridge.

    VSL Stay cables have a design life of 100 years even

    in the most aggressive environments. Elements are

    fully replaceable without requiring modications to the

    structure. All the materials used are carefully selected and

    all components are detailed to meet the highest durability

    criteria. In addition, the modular nature of the VSL Stay

    Cable System helps reduce the environmental impact

    of maintenance operations by minimising the amount of

    waste generated when parts have to be replaced during

    the structures life.

    Please refer to the VSL SSI 2000

    Stay Cable System brochure

    for further information.

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    VSL Dampers for bridges VSL Heavy lifting

    VSL specialised bridgeequipment

    Modern cable-stayed structures

    have to accommodate increased

    dynamic demands on their cables.

    The most versatile means of

    controlling vibrations is to increase

    the structural damping ratio of the

    cables by installing VSL Dampers.

    In addition to their high efciency,

    they are adaptable, of great durability

    and have only very low maintenance costs, achieved by

    reducing the number of moving parts.

    VSLs Gensui and Friction Dampers are based on the

    principle of energy dissipation, achieved

    respectively by the deformation

    of special rubber pads or by thefriction between a steel plate and a

    special composite pad. In contrast,

    hydraulic dampers are mechanically

    more complex, subject to oil leakage

    and so require substantially more

    maintenance.

    Furthermore, VSL Dampers mitigation

    of vibrations reduces the risk of material fatigue in the

    stays and in the bridge, which in turn reduces the need

    for maintenance during the service life of the structure.

    Dampers make a vital contribution to increasing the life

    expectancy of the structures where they are installed.

    Please refer to the VSL Damping Systems for Stay

    Cables brochure for further information.

    The VSL Heavy lifting methods using hydraulic jacks and

    strand or bar tendons are part of VSLs core business. The

    approach is very versatile and allows the movement of very

    heavy loads safely and economically.

    The application of strand liftingunits for lifting, lowering and the

    movement of heavy loads generally

    involves a custom-made method for

    every project. The resources are

    mostly reused and generate the

    minimum environmental impact.

    Energy consumption is low. Other important factors are safety

    and ease of access. VSLs heavy lifting equipment can be

    placed in locations where no crane could reach. The strand

    lifting systems can be adapted to every kind of technical

    requirement and environment to move very heavy loads easily.

    Loads of 30,000t have been moved without any problems.

    Please refer to the VSL Heavy Lifting brochure for further

    information.

    A bridge may be repaired or strengthened with external post-

    tensioning, cable stays, concrete and steelwork treatment,

    expansion joints, structural bearings and seismic devices.

    Repairing and strengthening minimises waste and

    conserves natural resources, instead of destroying them

    by building anew. Strengthening enables VSL to extend

    the life of bridges and viaducts, enhancing their capacity to

    accommodate new loading requirements.

    Please refer to the VSL Repair, Strengthening and

    Preservation brochure for further information.

    Construction of each bridge is different in

    many ways. Each can benet from VSLs

    specialised, tailored bridge equipment to

    achieve a smoothly phased constructionoperation.

    VSL also endeavours to use standardised

    construction equipment for customised

    applications, allowing a better reuse

    of machinery from one project to the next. Although

    almost every bridge project is a prototype, the erection

    equipment designed by VSL to suit individual applications

    is subsequently re-engineered for other projects. It might be

    used in similar ways or for very different methods all made

    possible thanks to the strengths and experience of VSLs

    technical centres. This allows reuse of the same equipment

    many times over several years, achieving substantial

    reductions in the amount of new temporary works required

    on the projects VSL is involved in.

    VSL Repair or strengtheningsolutions

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    Headquarters

    VSL International Ltd.

    Saegestrasse 76

    CH-3098 Kniz

    Switzerland

    Phone: +41 58 456 30 00

    Fax: +41 58 456 30 95

    VSL LOCATIONSwww.vsl.com

    AmericasARGENTINAVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstruccin Argentina SABUENOS AIRESPhone: +54 11 4326 06 09Fax: +54 11 4326 26 50

    BOLIVIAPostensados de BoliviaSAN MIGUEL, LA PAZPhone: +591 2 27 70 338Fax: +591 2 27 96 183

    CHILEVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstruccin S.A.SANTIAGO

    Phone: +56 2 571 67 00Fax: +56 2 571 67 01

    COLOMBIASistemas Especialesde Construccin Ltda.BOGOTAPhone: +57 1 620 96 34Fax: +57 1 620 58 16

    MEXICOVSL Corporation Mexico S.A de C.VMEXICOPhone: +52 55 55 11 20 36Fax: +52 55 55 11 40 03

    PERUSistemas Especialesde Construccin Peru S.A.LIMA

    Phone: +51 1 349 38 38Fax: +51 1 348 28 78

    UNITED STATESVStructural LLCBALTIMORE, MDPhone: +1 410 850 7000Fax: +1 410 850 4111

    VENEZUELAGestin de Obrasy Construcciones C.A.CARACASPhone/Fax: +58 212 941 86 75

    Africa

    EGYPTMatrix Engineering CompanyCAIROPhone: +20 2 344 19 00Fax: +20 2 346 04 57

    SOUTH AFRICATsala-RMS Construction Solutions(Pty) LtdJOHANNESBURGPhone: +27 11 878 6820Fax: +27 11 878 6821

    Europe

    AUSTRIAGrund- Pfahl- und Sonderbau GmbH

    HIMBERGPhone: +43 2235 87 777Fax: +43 2235 86 561

    CROATIATehnicki projekt d.o.o.ZAGREBPhone: +385 1 4664 586Fax: +385 1 4664 549

    CZECH REPUBLICVSL Systems (CZ) Ltd.PRAGUEPhone: +420 2 51 09 16 80Fax: +420 2 51 09 16 99

    FRANCEVSL France S.A.LABGEPhone: +33 05 61 00 96 59Fax: +33 05 61 00 96 62

    GERMANYVSL Systems GmbHBERLINPhone: +49 30 530 28 06-0Fax: +49 30 530 28 06-99

    NETHERLANDSHeijmans Beton en Waterbouw B.V.ROSMALENPhone: +31 73 543 66 02Fax: +31 73 543 66 11

    NORWAYSpnnarmering Norge ASRUDPhone : +47 98 21 02 66Fax : +47 67 17 30 01

    POLANDVSL Polska Sp. z.o.o.WARSZAWAPhone : +48 22 849 22 09Fax : +48 22 849 02 23

    PORTUGALVSL Sistemas PortugalPre-Esforo, Equipamentoe Montagens S.A.

    S. DOMINGOS DE RANAPhone: +351 21 445 83 10Fax: +351 21 444 63 77

    VSL GEOSistemas de Aplicaoem Geotecnia SAS. DOMINGOS DE RANAPhone: + 351 21 445 83 10Fax: + 351 21 445 83 28

    SPAINCTT StrongholdBARCELONAPhone: +34 93 289 23 30Fax: +34 93 289 23 31

    VSL-SPAM, S.A.BARCELONAPhone: +34 93 846 70 07

    Fax: +34 93 846 51 97

    SWEDEN / NORWAYInternordisk Spnnarmering ABVSTERHANINGEPhone: +47 98 21 02 66Fax: +47 67 17 30 01

    SWITZERLANDVSL (Switzerland) Ltd.SUBINGENPhone: +41 58 456 30 30Fax: +41 58 456 30 35

    VSL (Suisse) SASAINT LEGIERPhone: +41 58 456 30 00Fax: +41 58 456 30 95

    TURKEYMega Yapi Construction & TradeCo. LtdANKARAPhone: +90 312 490 90 66Fax: +90 312 490 90 55

    UNITED KINGDOMVSL Systems (UK) Ltd.LUTONPhone: +44 148 040 44 01Fax: +44 148 040 44 02

    Middle East

    SYRIAKahaleh for consulting engineeringDAMASCUSPhone: +963 232 47 02Fax: +963 11 22 14 595

    UNITED ARAB EMIRATESVSL Middle East LLCDUBAI, UAEPhone: +971 4 885 7225Fax: +971 4 885 7226

    DOHA, QATARPhone: +974 423 1117Fax: +974 423 1100

    Asia

    BRUNEIVSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.BRUNEI DARUSSALAMPhone: +673 2 380 153 / 381

    827Fax: +673 2 381 954

    CHINA PRCVSL (China) Engineering Corp., Ltd.HEFEIPhone: +86 551 382 29 18Fax: +86 551 382 28 78

    HONG KONGVSL Hong Kong Ltd.CHAI WANPhone : +852 2590 22 88Fax : +852 2590 02 90

    Intrafor Hong Kong Ltd.CHAI WANPhone : +852 2836 31 12Fax : +852 2591 61 39

    FT Laboratories Ltd.PING CHEPhone: +852 2758 48 61Fax: +852 2758 89 62

    INDIAVSL India PVT Ltd.CHENNAIPhone: +91 44 4225 11 11Fax: +91 44 4225 10 10

    INDONESIAPT VSL IndonesiaJAKARTAPhone: +62 21 570 07 86Fax: +62 21 573 75 57

    JAPANVSL Japan CorporationTOKYOPhone: +81 3 3346 8913Fax: +81 3 3345 9153

    KOREAVSL Korea Co. Ltd.SEOULPhone: +82 2 553 8200Fax: +82 2 553 8255

    MALAYSIAVSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.KUALA LUMPURPhone: +603 7981 47 42Fax: +603 7981 84 22

    PHILIPPINESVSL Philippines Inc.PASIG CITYPhone/Fax: +632 723 13 95

    SINGAPOREVSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.SINGAPOREPhone: +65 6559 12 22

    Fax: +65 6257 77 51

    TAIWANVSL Taiwan Ltd.TAIPEIPhone: +886 2 2759 6819Fax: +886 2 2759 6821

    THAILANDVSL (Thailand) Co. Ltd.BANGKOKPhone: +66 2 679 76 15 - 19Fax: +66 2 679 76 45

    VIETNAMVSL Vietnam Ltd.HANOIPhone: +84 4 3976 5088Fax: +84 4 3976 5089

    HO CHI MINH CITYPhone: +84 8 810 6817Fax: +84 8 810 6818

    AustraliaVSL Australia Pty. Ltd.NEW SOUTH WALESPhone: +61 2 9484 5944Fax: +61 2 9875 3894

    QUEENSLANDPhone: +61 7 3265 64 00Fax: +61 7 3265 75 34

    VICTORIAPhone: +61 3 979 503 66

    Fax: +61 3 979 505 47SOUTH AUSTRALIAPhone: +61 8 8252 1900Fax: +61 8 8252 1911

    TASMANIAPhone: +61 3 6249 3044Fax: +61 3 6249 3043

    PERTHPhone: +61 8 9437 9575Fax: +61 8 9875 3894

    Copyright 2010, VSL International Ltd.Printed in France patented.

    The information set forth in this brochure including technical and engineering

    data is presented for general information only. While every effort has been made