2010 NANO Symposium

July 16, 2010

Ken Andrzejewski

Marian High School

Nanoscience Expectations• From Wikipedia:• “Nanotechnology, shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the

controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometer in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size.”

• “Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.”

• “There has been much debate on the future implications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics, biomaterials and energy production.”

K (Know)

• I am primarily a Biology teacher. Therefore, the nanotechnology concepts would be focused only on my Science Research class.

• In my 20 years of experience with high school students in science research, I have been exposed to many topics and concepts. In addition, I have worked for the past 6 summers as a lab tech at the ND CEST, and in the NDRET program (last year, as a member of Dr. Lieberman’s lab group). Between my direct experience, and the experiences of my students, I have already had exposure to nanotechnology.

Past student work on related topics

The overall scientific motivation for this research project is to show how high precision spectroscopic techniques can be used to detect and identify biological nano-particles.

Nano-particles are objects in the size range from ~1 nm (10-9 m) to less than ~1 micron (10-6 m). Objects in this size range cannot be visibly observed with an optical microscope, and time consuming processes are usually used to detect them. For example, viruses, ribosomes, DNA, and milk protein fall into this size range.

• Matt Williams – 2010• Optical imaging

Exploration of W-band Passive Imaging System Configurations

Lauren Zmirski - 2007

Marian High School

Applications to Society Avionics Concealed Weapons Detection Medical Imaging Technology

Images formed through passive detection Images formed through passive detection of naturally occurring millimeter-wave of naturally occurring millimeter-wave radiation of objectsradiation of objects

Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic waves thirty to three hundred GHz frequency thirty to three hundred GHz frequency rangerangewavelengths from one to ten wavelengths from one to ten millimetersmillimeters

Sensors measure blackbody radiation Sensors measure blackbody radiation emitted from objects naturallyemitted from objects naturally

All objects with temperatures above All objects with temperatures above absolute zero emit millimeter-wave absolute zero emit millimeter-wave radiationradiation

Functionalized X-Ray Contrast Agents for

Microdamage DetectionBy: Katie Firth - 2008

• The objective of this project was to prepare phosphate functionalized gold nanoparticles which will selectively attach to damaged bone tissue and allow microdamage to be imaged

Image from SEM sample taken from outside the damage site

Image from SEM of sample taken from within the damage site

Decorating DNA 3-Tile Rafts

with Gold Nanoparticles

By: Jamie Canter - 2006

Marian High School

Mishawaka, IN

DNA has the potential to be used as a structural template for nanocircuits

-Base sequence design allows for programmability in arrangement of particles on DNA lattice-Can be used in microprocessors and nano-robotic devices

Atomic Force Microscopy

• A cantilever tip scans the sample to creates topographic images of the surface

• Tapping Mode– Laser measures the amount of

deflection to determine the height of particles

– Differentiate between 3-tile rafts, gold particles, and foreign particles

Method 2 with 12-15 nm GoldApparent attachment, note direction

Potential scanning distortionSizes are not correct

Gold ranging from 7-9 nm

Method 1. Separate 3-tile rafts visible with few gold particles.

Attaching gold nanoparticles to specific locations on DNA lattices

Scaffolding for nanocircuits Used in nanorobotics and potentially microprocessors Gene-therapy and medicine

How is Protein Crystallization Affected by a Combination of AC Applied Electric Field and a

Nanochannel Environment?Bridget Liddell - 2008Marian High School

THE FABRICATION OF NANOMETER-SIZED ELECTRON DEVICES

Maureen Pendergast - 2007 • Final outcome:

Platinum Nanowires

METAL DEPOSITION VACCUM CHAMBER AND NANOPOSITIONER

Human Hair via SEM

Aluminum Oxide’s Crystalline Structures and Properties as a Dielectric

Mark Imus - 2010• Nanotechnology

– Requires a higher band gap for devices to work more efficiently.

– Silicon is the most common dielectric, or insulator used today, with a band gap of about 1.11 eV.

– New Materials are being considered to replace silicon.

• Aluminum oxide

– Band gap of about 6.6 eV.

– Many structures of Al2O3 are possible from annealing to distinct temperatures.

• As the aluminum oxide is heated, it irreversibly changes into these forms;

• α- Al2O3 is the only thermodynamically stable form of this compound.

– This means that its structure cannot change after it has achieved this crystalline structure.

• This project will explore the applications of α- Al2O3 as a dielectric.

Computational Simulations of Fluorescein Dynamics Around Gold Structures in

Micro/Nanofluidics Greg Janowiak - 2010

• When Au is inserted into a nanofluidic system, it inhibits efficient transport of solution

• Goal: transport a solution of fluorescein through the system as efficiently as possible– Au must be present in the setup

• Geometry of system setup is key

Optical Characterization of Single Metal Nanoparticles

Samuel Leung - 2010• To create a new, easy to set

up method of studying single metal nanoparticles based on direct absorption and utilizing linear dichroism• This new method of “seeing”

nanoparticles shows promise• Easy to observe physical properties• Cannot observe energy flow yet• Technique needs to be refined and

tested more to understand “ripple” effect and areas of opposite signs

Scans of the Same Wire from Different Views

W (Want to know)

• I wanted to see more of a variety of nanotechnology. Since a lot of the imaging technology was already familiar to me, I wanted more diverse information, especially about applications.

L(What I Learned)

• The NDeRC program is progressing in providing a valuable and needed service.

• AFM, SEM and STM are physically much smaller than I realized

• The Stinson Remick Hall is amazing

Comments on proposed classroom presentation

• Must engage student curiosity, and be appropriate for their level of understanding. It can’t be too elementary, but likewise, it can’t be too technical either.

• Begin with the presentation Val did on applications and implications. Then move to the scale, optics and microscopy methods to show how we can ‘see’ and eventually manipulate nanoparticles.

• The most benefit would be obtained from explaining the opportunities and applications of nanotech rather than focusing on technical, ‘how-it-works’ specific descriptions.

• Hands-on activities are key. The ping pong ball analogue works well. So did the Braille activity (maybe you could find a standardized Braille embosser?)

• The telescope and scale games may be too elementary for high school kids

• Standing around waiting and a bunch of people around one instrument are not going to work. Make sure there is a contingency (video?) in case the microscopes don’t work.

• Contact teacher beforehand to find out student background (i.e., have the students been at a school where the presentation has been given before).

• Check to see the level of tech/equipment at the school - the idea about getting laptops to bring in is great.

• Be aware that some schools cannot modify class schedules, so if a grad student is coming out for multiple classes, they would have to rearrange their schedule to hit all of the classes (or have different grad students for different class times).

• Develop virtual tours of the ND labs emphasizing what kind of research can be done, not necessarily going into a lot of detail on specific projects.