2010 Ch 10 Growth of Cities Black Death Hundreds Year War

8/8/2019 2010 Ch 10 Growth of Cities Black Death Hundreds Year War

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Chapter 10Chapter 10

Europe in the

Middle Ages1000 - 1500


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Gothic or Medieval ArchitectureCathedral of Notre Dame France


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Chapter 10 SummaryChapter 10 Summary

The revival of traderevival of trade led

to the growthgrowth ofcitiescitiesand townsand towns, whichbecame importantcenters formanufacturing.

During the 14th andearly 15th centuries,Europeans experiencedmany problemsincluding the BlackBlack

Death, the HundredDeath, the HundredYears War, and theYears War, and thedecline of the Churchdecline of the Church.


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Revival in EuropeRevival in Europe

Population almostPopulation almostdoubleddoubled in Europebetween 1000 and1300, from 38 to 74

million people. One reason is that

increased stability

and peace enabledfood production tofood production toriserise dramatically.


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Revival in EuropeRevival in Europe

TechnologicalTechnological

advancements inadvancements inFarmingFarming lead to

increases in

production

Improved horseImproved horse

collarcollar

Carrucca plow

Crop rotation


9/35Heavier PlowHeavier PlowHeavier PlowHeavier Plow


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Growth ofGrowth of

CitiesCities Walled City = Burg

People = Burgers Leads to the term -

bourgeoisebourgeoise

New cities and townswere founded,

especially in northernEurope.

Typically, a group ofmerchants built asettlement near a

castle for the trade andthe lords protection.

If the settlementprospered, walls werebuilt to protect it.


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Example of a walled city. This one developed in the Baltic region (southern Europe).


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Montagnana, Italy

Example of walled city or Burg.Example of walled city or Burg.


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The Triumph of Death by Pieter Bruegel the Elder - 1562


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BLACK DEATHBLACK DEATH Between 1347 and 1351, it

ravaged most of Europe.

Possibly as many as38 million people38 million peopledieddied in those four

years, out of a totalpopulation of 75million.

The Italian citiesItalian cities

were hit hardestwere hit hardest,losing 50 to 60percent of theirpopulation.


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Silk Road and Trade Routes


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Spread of the Black Plague


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The bacteria multiply inside the flea, sticking

togetherto form a plug that blocks its stomach

and causes it to become very hungry.The flea then voraciously bites a host and

continues to feed, even though it is unable to

satisfy its hunger.

During the feeding process, blood cannot flow intothe blocked stomach, and consequently the flea

vomits blood tainted with the bacteria back into

the bite wound.

The Bubonic plague bacteria then infects a newhost, and the flea eventually dies from starvation.


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Bubonic plague becomes evident three to seven days

after the infection. Initial symptoms are chills, fever,

diarrhea, headaches, and the swelling of the infectedlymph nodes, as the bacteria replicate there. If untreated,

the rate ofmortality for bubonic plague is 50%.

In septicemic plague there is bleeding into the skin

and other organs, which creates black patches on theskin. There are bite-like bumps on the skin, commonly

red and sometimes white in the center. Untreated

septicemic plague is universally fatal, but early treatment

with antibiotics reduces the mortality rate to 4 to 15%.

People who die from this form of plague often die on

the same day symptoms first appear.


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BLACK DEATHBLACK DEATH

The plague led to an

outbreak ofanti-Semitism: hostilitytoward Jews.

The worst in Germany.

Falsely believed thatthe Jews had poisonedtheir towns wells!

Many Jews fled to Poland,where the king protectedthem.

The yellow badge Jews were forced to

wear can be seen in this marginal

illustration from an English manuscript.

In the 1930s and 40s European Jews

must wear a star of David and suffer

through The Holocaust.


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ConsequencesConsequences

of the Blackof the Black

DeathDeath Trade declined.

The shortage ofworkers made

the price oflabor rise.

The lowereddemand for foodresulted in

falling prices.


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Hundred Years WarHundred Years War

France tried totake Gasconyback, andEngland declared

war in 1337. Thus began the

Hundred Years

War betweenEngland andEngland andFranceFrance.


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Hundred Years'

War evolution

French territory:

yellow;

English

territory: grey;

Burgundian:

dark grey.


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Cross bowCross bow


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LongLong

BowBow


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Joan of ArcJoan of Arc

French peasantwoman

She inspired

the French butwas put to

death

French win the

war


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War In EnglandWar In England

After theHundreds Yearswar, England wasfaced with even

greater socialconflict at home

Known as theWar of the

Roses Noblefactions fight tocontrol themonarchy

2010 Ch 10 Growth of Cities Black Death Hundreds Year War

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