©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 Ecology of the Family.

©2010 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3

Ecology of the Family


In my very own self, I am part of my family.

D.H. Lawrence


Family Systems


Family Structures• Nuclear family– A family consisting of a husband, a wife,

and their children

• Extended family– Relatives of the nuclear family who are

economically and emotionally dependent on each other


Family Structures• Family of orientation– The family into which one is born

• Family of procreation– The family that develops when one

marries and has children


Family Structures• Matriarchal family– A family in which the mother has formal

authority and dominance

• Patriarchal family– A family in which the father has formal

authority and dominance

• Egalitarian family– A family in which both sides of the

extended family are regarded as equal


Family Functions• Reproduction• Socialization/education• Assignment of social roles• Economic support• Nurturance/emotional support


Family Transitions


Structural• Divorced families• Single-parent and joint custody• Kin custody• Stepfamilies• Single-parent families • Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and

transgender families• Adoptive families


Divorce• Effect on children depends on– Age and gender– Custody arrangements– Emotional support

• Binuclear family– A family pattern in which children are

part of two homes and two family groups


Custody• Single-Parent Custody– Single-parents can experience

economic, emotional, physical strain

• Joint Custody• Kin Custody– Children raised by relatives other than

parents, the most common being grandparents raising grandchildren


Changes Over Time


Changes Over Time• Reproduction• Socialization/education• Assignment of social roles• Authority patterns• Economic support• Dual-earner families• Nurturance/emotional support


Macrosystem Influences


Socioeconomic Status• Ascribed status– Social class, rank, or position

determined by family lineage, gender, birth order, or skin color

• Achieved status– Social class, rank, or position

determined by education, occupation, income, and/or place of residence


Socioeconomic Status• Socioeconomic status – Rank or position within a society, based

on social and economic factors

• Upper class• Middle class• Lower class• Underclass


Socioeconomic Effects

• Children’s socialization experiences vary by socioeconomic class.

• Different socialization experiences result in different outcomes.


Cultural Orientation• Gemeinschaft• Gesellschaft• Collectivism• Individualism


Religious Orientation• Religion– A unified system of beliefs and practices

relative to sacred things

• Religion provides an ideology that enables individuals to comprehend events.


Chronosystem Influences


Chronosystem Influences

• Sociopolitical Changes– Immigration Policies– Foreign Policies– Domestic Policies

• Economic Changes• Technological Changes


Family Empowerment


Family Empowerment• Empowerment– Enabling individuals to have control over

resources affecting them

©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 Ecology of the Family.

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Transcript of ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 Ecology of the Family.