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KRAHNJKAR HEPWEC Executive Assembly 2009September 2009 in Reykjavk, Iceland

Bjarni Bjarnason

CEO of Landsvirkjun PowerMember of the Board of IHA


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1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

20.000

16.000

12.000

8.000

4.000

0

Thermal

Nuclear

Hydro

Coal and peat41.0%

Gas20.1% Oil

5.8%

Hydro16.0%

Other 0.6%

Nuclear14.8%

TWh

Other

World electricity generation by fuel1971 to 2006

2006

IEA Energy Statistics


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Iceland Geological Setting

H

Greenland

L

L

L

L


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2070

60

50

Reykjavk

Iceland

Greenland

10 100

Bergen

England

Sweden

Skotland

Orkneys

NetherlandsHamburg

Germany

Faeroe Islands Norway

Denmark

Ireland

Shetland

1250 km

Possible Submarine Cable Routes


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Electricity Production by Sources1983-2010

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10.00012.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

'84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10

Geothermal

Oil

Hydropower

'83

GWh/a


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0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

Electricity Consumption per Capita 2006kWh/a

Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics, 2008

2008

OECD

Non-OEC

DEurope

World

LatinAm

erica

Asia

Africa

Iceland

N

orway

C

anada

U

nitedStates

A

ustralia

J

apan

C

hina


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Life cycle analysis

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

Coal Gas Solar Geothermal Vind Nuclear Hydro

gCO2/kWh

Min Max

Reference: WEC 2007

CO2 Emissions for Different Power Sources


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Total CO2 emissions in aluminiumproduction, by energy source

Energy production

Smelting

0

4

8

12

16

Coal Oil Natural gas Hydro

kg CO2/kg Al

Geothermal


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Installed capacity 690 MW

Energy production 5.0 TWh/aGross head 600 mHight of Krahnjkar dam 200 mTunnels 73 kmConstruction time 2003-2009

Krahnjkar Hydropower Project690 MW, Built 2003-2009


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Krahnjkar Hydroelectric Project


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AlcoaFjaral

Egilsstair

Reyarfjrur

FL 3&42x220 kV

Mvatn

Krafla60 MW

Bjarnarflag3 MW

Krflulna 2132 kV

132 kV

132 kV

Krahnjkar HEP690 MW

Kra-hnjkar

Headracetunnel

Hlslnreservoir

FljotsdalsstPowerhouse

Keldurlnreservoir

V A T N A J K U L L G L A C I E R

Ufsalnreservoir N


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Krahnjkar HEP800 m a.s.l.

Pressure shaftHeadrace tunnel

Power station26,5

m a.s.l.

625 m a.s.l.Krahnjkar dam Longitude section


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650

500

400

540

625 630,5

600

550

450

Upstreamcofferdam

Rockfill

Concrete face slab

Concrete toe wall

m a.s.l.

Grout curtain

Cross Section

Earth fill

Krahnjkar Dam

Hlsln Reservoir57 km2 when full


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Krahnjkar Dam CFRD

June 2, 2006


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September 2005


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Melting Ice and snow with hot water


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Winter day at the dam

December 2006


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July 2006

Krahnjkar dam


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Desjar Dam

630 625

m a.s.l.

620

590

610

600

630,5

RockfillGravedfilter

Wave protection

Morainecore

Cross Section

Grout curtain

Slope protection

July 20, 2008


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Krahnjkar Dam


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TBM 1

TBM 2

TBM 3Drill & Blast 1

Drill & Blast 2

Drill & Blast 3

Drill & Blast 4

Drill & Blast 5

Drill & Blast 6

Adit 1

Adit 2

Adit 3Adit 4

Power intake

Surge tunnel

Drainagetunnel

Jkuls diversion tunnel 7,2 m

Headrace tunnel 7,6 m

Headrace tunnel 7,2 m

TBM 2 bored10.3 km

TBM 1 bored14.7 km

TBM 2 bored

8.5 km

TBM 3 bored14.6 km

Tunnel alignment


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TBM machine, dia 7.2-7.6 m

March 2004


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Penstock

Powerhouse

Headracetunnel

Tailracetunnel

Tailrace-

canal

Surgeshaft

Krahnjkar HEP

Powerhouse Area

Adit

tunnel


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Transformer hall

Powerhouse

Tailrace tunnel

Cable Tunnel

Access Tunnel

Pressure shafts

Smoke exhaust tunnel

Powerhouse AreaUnderground Structures


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Krahnjkar Penstockin Comparison with the Highest Skyscrapers

CN-TowerToronto555 m

Sears TowerChicago520 m

Taipai 101Taipai509

Petronas Twin TowersKuala Lumpur

452 m

Empire State BuildingNew York443 m

KarahnjukarVertical Penstock

420 m

Source: Stahlbau GmbH


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Powerhouse June 2008


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Switchgearhouse Servicebuilding

Accesstunnel

Krahnjkar Hydroelectric ProjectPowerhouse Area


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Control and staff building at access tunnel

to Powerhouse in Fljtsdalur, 10.09.2009


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Fljtsdalur July 20, 2008


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Alcoa

Fjaral

Reyarfjrur

0 5 km

Powerhouse

Transmission lines


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Avalanche Towers


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Alcoa - Fjaral 346,000 tpa

August 2008


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Generates 5 TWh of electricity per annum

Avoids some 5 million tons of CO2 per annum

compared to coal fired generation

Similar to total CO2 emissions of Iceland

Produces 340,000 tpa of aluminum

It is not the size that matters but the quality !

Project summary


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Project summary


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69%

33%7%

75%

22%

~70%

Source: World Atlas of Hydropower & Dams,

Only about 1/3 of the potential has been developed

Global hydro production: ~ 2900TWh/y in 2006Realistic potential production: ~ 8600 TWh/y


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Thank you for your attention

20090917__wec_krahnjkar_bb

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