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2009 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Science
Gasification Panel Discussion September 16, 2009
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2009 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ScienceGasification Panel Discussion September 16 2009Gasification Panel Discussion September 16,2009
Andras Horvath / Carbona Inc.• Affiliation: Director of Technology in Carbona• Affiliation: Director of Technology in Carbona, • Responsible for processes, gasification and gas cleanup
Carbona Inc. background:g• Carbona is part of global Andritz Group• Part of Bioenergy Systems Business Unit of Andritz
Carbona Inc profile:Carbona Inc. profile: • BFB and CFB gasification of biomass and waste• Air and oxygen blown gasification at low and high pressure• Gas conditioning and cleanup • Related processes like fuel and ash handling, other auxiliary
processes• Applications for processes in power, pulp & paper and chemical
industries
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industries
2009 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ScienceGasification Panel Discussion September 16 2009Gasification Panel Discussion September 16,2009
• Carbona is partner to UPM-Kymmene in biomass to liquid d l tdevelopment
Carbona provides the Gasification Island for the BTL plantAchievements in development work:
O bl ifi ti f diff t d f l– Oxygen blown gasification of different wood fuels established and tested
– Gas cleaning process established, process, equipment and materials selected under testingand materials selected, under testing
– Equipment scale up established
• The Biomass Gasification/Gas Engine Plant in Skive /DenmarkThe Biomass Gasification/Gas Engine Plant in Skive /Denmark provides almost full-size demonstration of the BTL Gasification Island
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2009 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ScienceGasification Panel Discussion September 16,2009
BIOMASS TO LIQUID PROCESS:
FUEL PREPARATION(storage crushing drying etc )
BTL PLANT
GAS CONDITIONING(cooling, filtering, reforming, etc. )
BIOMASS
GAS PROCESSINGAND
CLEANUP(shift, scrubbing,
GAS TO LIQUID
SYNTHESIS
(storage, crushing, drying, etc. )
g, )etc.)
NAPTHA
SYNTHESISGAS
BIODIESEL
GASIFIER
OXYGEN
GAS PRODUCTS
STEAM GASIFICATION ISLAND
Carbona provides the Gasification Island for UPM-Kymmene BTL Plant for liquid fuel production of 100 000 t/a
STEAM GASIFICATION ISLAND
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2009 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ScienceGasification Panel Discussion September 16,2009p ,
GASIFICATION PLANT OF BTL
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2009 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ScienceGasification Panel Discussion September 16 2009Gasification Panel Discussion September 16,2009
SKIVE / DENMARKGAS
FILTERBIOMASS, 28 MWth
2 BOILERS
TO STACK
GAS
TAR REFORMERGASIFIER
SUPPORT PROJECT FOR BTL DEVELOPMENT
DISTRICT HEATING11.5 MWth
FLY ASH
GAS SCRUBBER
2x10 MWth
MWth
POWER3x2 MWe
3 GAS ENGINES
WATER
GAS BUFFERTANK
BOTTOM ASH
AIR/STEAM
GAS COOLERSBOTTOM ASH GAS COOLERS WOODPELLETS
FLARE
BFB GASIFIER
GAS BOILERS
GAS ENGINES
GAS BOILER
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2009 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ScienceGasification Panel Discussion September 16 2009Gasification Panel Discussion September 16,2009
F di iFor discussion:
• What is the feasible size of a BTL plant?
• Flexible cogeneration of liquid and power in a BTL plant ?
• Wh t d b d bi f bi di l d ti• Why to use wood based biomass for biodiesel production instead of simple power generation by IGCC?
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STATUS
• Gasification is “hot” and gaining interest (again)Gasification is hot and gaining interest (again)• Many, many gasification concepts exist, but…• Only few successful examples concerning:
- gas cooling- gas cleaning
economics- economics• Success stories are characterized by:
- close-coupled gasification-combustion (FW, PRME, …)
- enough time and money (Vølund/Harboøre)
- scientific support (Güssing)
2 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Science, Chicago, 16-18 september 2009
DISCUSSION ITEMS
• Biomass gasification: coal-based technology or biomass-dedicated?
• Pressure: does chemical industry wisdom apply?• Pressure: does chemical industry wisdom apply?• Waste: real option or a political solution?
3 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Science, Chicago, 16-18 september 2009
Bram van der Drift
e: [email protected] PO Box 1t: +31 224 56 4515 NL 1755 ZG Pettenw: www.ecn.nl the Netherlands
bli ti l/ bli tipublications: www.ecn.nl/publicationsfuel composition database: www.phyllis.nltar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nlIEA bioenergy/gasification: www ieatask33 orgIEA bioenergy/gasification: www.ieatask33.org Milena indirect gasifier: www.milenatechnology.comOLGA: www.olgatechnology.com / www.renewableenergy.nlSNG: www bioSNG com and www bioCNG com
4 International Conference on Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Science, Chicago, 16-18 september 2009
SNG: www.bioSNG.com and www.bioCNG.com
A Commercial Development Perspective on Biomass Gasification
tcBiomass2009Gasification Panel Discussion
Craig BrownSept 16, 2009Chicago, IL
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What is Catchlight Energy?
50-50 Joint venture of Weyerhaeuser and ChevronCreated to commercialize large scale production of liquid transportation fuels from sustainable forest based resources
Business ModelParents will fund R&D and provide capital for conversion plants Conversion technology both internally developed and licensed from 3rd parties
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Forest to Fuel Value Chain A Viable Business Model
Feedstocks at scale
High quality fuels to customers
Weyerhaeuser
Catchlight Energy
Chevron
Conversion technology
End-to-end value chain solutionUnique in the market
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We Recognize the Obstacles
Key driving forces are outside our controlCompeting oil prices; federal incentives; policy
Proven, commercially viable, conversion processes are not readily available today
Initial focus of CLE will be R&D to discover, develop, and/or license the commercial solutions
Achieving scale production of sustainable biomass consistent with billions of gpy of LTF – i.e. tens of millions tpy of biomass
Build on Weyerhaeuser's land & forestry base, infrastructureEnergy crops in conjunction with high value timber
CLE view on biomass gasification
The opportunityMay be a good bet for early commercialization.Capable of handling diverse “forest-based” feedstocksScaleable – 1000 to 3000 tpd biomass input is possible
Some of the challengesBreaking through the demo and commercial hurdlesLimited demo and commercial experience producing syngasReducing capex and opexThe tar problemTrace contaminants - Biomass gasification’s next “Achille’s heal”?
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
Large-scale CFB and BFB Gasificationfrom Power & Heat to Syngas applicationsfrom Power & Heat to Syngas applications
Esa Kurkela, VTT, Finland
Air-blown CFB and BFB gasifiers in commercial use• Fuel flexible and robust gasifiers (boilers and kilns)Fuel flexible and robust gasifiers (boilers and kilns)• Gas cooling and filtration developed for biomass and waste fuels• IGCC development in 1990’s: gasification at 20 bar & hot filtration• Catalytic reforming of tars for syngas applications
Industrial development projects for syngas• NSE Biofuels together with Foster Wheeler and VTT
VTT PDU=>12 MW demo=>industrial plantUPM together with Andritz and GTI• UPM together with Andritz and GTI
GTI pilot tests, industrial plant in planning phase
New innovative technologyNew innovative technology• Present pilot/demo projects
huge investments on
Fuel-FlexibleFluidised-BedGasification-steam/oxygen-pressurised
Gas Cleaning - tar & hydrocarbon
reforming- chlorine & metalremoval & filtration
Ultra Cleanup-sulphur, NH3, HCN,
halides, etc.- conventional
processes available,
FT-dieselCH3OH
HydrogenSNG
Fuel-FlexibleFluidised-BedGasification-steam/oxygen-pressurised
Gas Cleaning - tar & hydrocarbon
reforming- chlorine & metalremoval & filtration
Ultra Cleanup-sulphur, NH3, HCN,
halides, etc.- conventional
processes available,
FT-dieselCH3OH
HydrogenSNG
New innovative technology
Fuel-FlexibleFluidised-BedGasification-steam/oxygen-pressurised
Gas Cleaning - tar & hydrocarbon
reforming- chlorine & metalremoval & filtration
Ultra Cleanup-sulphur, NH3, HCN,
halides, etc.- conventional
processes available,
FT-dieselCH3OH
HydrogenSNG
Fuel-FlexibleFluidised-BedGasification-steam/oxygen-pressurised
Gas Cleaning - tar & hydrocarbon
reforming- chlorine & metalremoval & filtration
Ultra Cleanup-sulphur, NH3, HCN,
halides, etc.- conventional
processes available,
FT-dieselCH3OH
HydrogenSNG
New innovative technology huge investments onbiomass gasification R&D
• Success and Economics ofBTL projects in 2010-15?
pressurised removal & filtration- dirty shift
processes available,optimisation needed
clean fuelgas to fuel cells
pressurised removal & filtration- dirty shift
processes available,optimisation needed
clean fuelgas to fuel cells
pressurised removal & filtration- dirty shift
processes available,optimisation needed
clean fuelgas to fuel cells
pressurised removal & filtration- dirty shift
processes available,optimisation needed
clean fuelgas to fuel cells
• New technologies forpower and heat applications
•Simplified solutions
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
Critical R&D issues of biomass gasificationFundamental gasification R&D in 2008-2010
• Ash behaviour and fuel reactivity of different biomass feedstocks withrespect to different gasification processes (limits for real fuel flexibility)
• Removal of particulates, alkali-metals and chlorine by hot filtrationRemoval of particulates, alkali metals and chlorine by hot filtration(fundamental R&D, industrial-scale design and operation experience)
• Formation and behaviour of tars in gasifiers, gas coolers and filtration(still a long way to fundamental understanding)(still a long way to fundamental understanding)
• Removal of tars and ammonia by catalytic high-temperature systemsor by advanced wet scrubbing (industrial experiences & further R&D)
• High-quality process simulation and system analysis fordifferent gasification applications (international co-operation?)
• Robust on-line analytics from R&D labs to industrial gasification plants (rapid tar analysis developed by VTT, robust sampling lines and analysers needed)
http://www.vtt.fi/research/technology/gasification_and_gas_cleaning.jsp
Biomass Gasification
Richard Bain
TC Biomass 2009
S t 16 2009Sept. 16, 2009
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
Development Status: Upgrading and CHP Technologies
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Source: IEA Bioenergy: ExCo:2009-05
Development Status: Technologies for Biofuels
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Source: IEA Bioenergy: ExCo:2009-05
U.S Status
•Biopower•Commercial Projects (Nexterra Front Line)Commercial Projects (Nexterra, Front Line)•Small Scale Systems (CPC, Emery, Chiptec, other)
•Biofuels•DOE Demonstrations•DOE Demonstrations
•Range Fuels, Abengoa•Flambeau River
•DOE R&D•DOE R&D•Gas Cleanup (NREL, GTI, RTI, other)•Fuels Synthesis•Fundamentals•Fundamentals
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Challenges for Biomass Gasification Community
• Premise – Base technology (gasification and 1st generation cleanup) demonstrated and1 generation cleanup) demonstrated and commercial (limited)
• Technology developments needed to• Technology developments needed to• Improve carbon utilization• Reduce capital intensity• Give competitive economics• Give competitive economics
• Long term operations of integrated systems d d t d l d t fneeded to develop data necessary for
commercial guarantees and warranties
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future