2009 BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA Public Education Slide Kit High Blood...

2009

BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA

PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA

Public Education Slide Kit

High Blood Pressure

The Silent Killer

2BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA

2009Overview

What is high blood pressure? Why should I care? What causes it? How will I know if I have it? Can I measure my own blood

pressure? How can I lower my blood pressure? Are there medications?


2009What is blood pressure?

The force or pressure on the inside of our arteries (blood vessels) as the blood circulates.

You cannot feel changes in blood pressure.


2009

What is hypertension?

A condition when blood pressure is always too high.

Also called High Blood Pressure (HBP).

Hypertension is a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater.

140140

9090


2009

Why should I care?


2009

Leading risks for premature death

3

5

4

2

1

CholesterolCholesterol

AlcoholAlcohol

Tobacco UseTobacco Use

HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION

OverweightOverweight

(World Health Organization 2002)


2009

Hypertension can cause:

Stroke (brain attack) Heart attack & heart failure Kidney failure Sexual dysfunction Dementia Eye damage Early death


2009

Death due to atherosclerosis (infarction)


2009

Stroke due to broken blood vessel (hemorrhage)


2009

Eye blood vesselsEye blood vessels

NormalNormalSevere

hypertension

Eye blood vessels leak and break due to high blood pressure


2009

Do you know how many Canadians have hypertension ?

Question


2009Answer

1 in 4 Canadians have hypertension.


2009What causes hypertension ?

Lifestyle 60% Genetics 35% Underlying disease 5%

kidney disease, excessive use of aspirin-like drugs (NSAIDs)


2009Your lifestyle can raise

your blood pressure

Physical inactivity Unhealthy diet

– Not enough fruit, vegetables, and low- fat dairy;

– Too much salt (sodium).

Being overweight


2009

Excess alcohol Smoking or exposure to

cigarette smoke Stress

Your lifestyle can raise your blood pressure


2009

Hypertension is more common in older people

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

18-34 35-64 65-74

Age in years

% o

f p

eo

ple

wit

h h

yp

ert

en

sio

n

men women


2009

How is blood pressure measured?


2009

The upper number is when the heart beats

The lower number is when

the heart relaxes

Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)

e.g. 124/84 mm Hg

What do the numbers mean?


2009

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Diastolic Blood Pressure

(DBP)

What are the numbers called?


2009 What should your blood pressure be?

Most people Less than 140/90 mm Hg

People with diabetes or kidney disease

Less than130/80 mm Hg


2009

Do I have hypertension ?

One high reading may One high reading may not mean you have not mean you have

hypertensionhypertension


2009

How do you know if you have hypertension?

Question


2009

Many people have hypertension and don’t know it.

The only way to know if you have hypertension is to have your blood pressure measured.

Answer


2009The silent killer

Most people cannot feel if their blood pressure is high.

Usually, there are no symptoms.


2009

How can I check to see if I have hypertension ?


2009

Have your blood pressure measured: Regularly Lifelong

Note: Family members may also be at risk and should have their blood pressure checked.

How can I check to see if I have hypertension ?


2009

Who can measure my blood pressure?

You

Your Family Doctor

A Nurse Local

Pharmacist


2009

How often should I check my blood pressure?

If your blood pressure is: Less than 130/85 - every 2 years 130-139/85-89 - every year Above 139/89 - check often


2009

Can I measure my own blood pressure ?


2009

Self–measurement of blood pressure

You can measure your own blood pressure at home.

Home blood pressure measurement devices are available at most pharmacies.

Purchase a device endorsed by the Canadian Hypertension Society (CHS) with the logo

Make sure your device has the right cuff size for your arm - ask if unsure.


2009

Self–measurement of blood pressure

Carefully follow the instructions for proper measurement that come with the device.– For most people, normal BP at home is <

138/85 mmHg

More instructions can be found at www.hypertension.ca

Another helpful website is at www.heartandstroke.ca/BP


2009

Self-measurement


2009World Hypertension Day


2009

Why treat hypertension?

A decrease of 10/5mm Hg

(typical with one medication or a

change in lifestyle)

reduces your risk of

developing serious

complications.


2009

Who can help me lower my blood pressure ?

You

Your Family Doctor

A Nurse

Your Pharmacist

A Dietitian

A Hypertension Specialist

A Psychologist


2009

How can I lower my blood pressure ?


2009

What you can do

Measure your blood pressure regularly.

Increase your physical activity. Control your weight. Eat a healthy diet. Cut back on sodium and processed

foods.


2009

Limit alcohol. Become smoke-free. Reduce stress. See your doctor/health care

provider. Take medications as prescribed.

What you can do


2009

Lifestyle changes make a difference

Small changes in eating habits and activity can lower blood pressure.

Set weekly goals for change.


2009

Healthy lifestyles really make a difference

Intervention AmountChange inSBP/DBP

Reduce daily sodium intake by: 1800 mg -5.1 / -2.7

Weight loss of 5kg (~10lb) -5.0/ -4.0Alcohol intake - 3.6 drinks/day -3.9 / -2.4Aerobic exercise

120-150 min/week -4.9 / -3.7

Dietary patternsDASH diet

HypertensiveNormotensive

-11.4 / -5.5-3.6 / -1.8

Applying the 2005 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations: 3. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and treat hypertension Padwal R. et al. CMAJ ･ SEPT. 27, 2005; 173 (7) 749-751


2009 Reducing systolic BP, stroke and heart attack

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

-0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

-0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Stroke Heart Attack

Decrease in systolic blood pressure


2009

Why treat hypertension?

A decrease of 10/5mm Hg (one medication or a

change in lifestyle)

reduces your risk of

developing serious

complications.


2009

Lifestyle changes make a difference

Is this your family’s idea of a fitness

centre?


2009 Physical activity

Physical activity can:

Decrease risk of heart disease and stroke.

Lower blood pressure almost as much as taking one medication.

Help to reduce weight. Help to reduce stress.


2009

Make exercise a priority – make it part of your daily schedule.

Do activities that you enjoy. Do a variety of activities. Exercise with a friend. Join a fitness class or get a personal

trainer. Set small realistic attainable goals.

Physical activity

30 to 60 minutes per day!


2009

Walk 1 mile (1.6 Km) = 100 calories* Walk 4 miles (6.4 Km) 4 times a week

and burn off up to ¼ Kg/week (½ lb / week) extra

* These are just estimates based on the literature for an averaged size person

Walking & weight loss


2009Walking & weight loss

The BP lowering effect of walking vigorously for 40 minutes per day, 4x a week is as effective as greater amounts of exercise.

The positive effects of exercise may last up to 72 hours.

Therefore, build this into your weekly schedule.

30 to 60 minutes per day!


2009Control your weight

Lower your blood pressure by losing as little as 10 pounds (4.5 kg).


2009 Waist management

Men Women (cm)

North AmericaEurope

< 102 cm(40”)

< 88 cm(35”)

South Asia < 90cm(36”)

< 80 cm(32”)


2009Portion control!

Calories - Just enough to keep a normal weight.

Eat less if you are overweight. Eat more vegetables & fruit. (7-10

servings a day).

Avoid excessive fat and carbohydrate intake.


2009Eat a healthy diet

Follow Canada’s Food Guide Adequate fruit, vegetables, whole

grains & low-fat dairy products. Foods low in saturated and trans fat,

sugar & salt, and high in fiber. Visit www.healthcanada.gc.ca

/foodguide for more information.


2009

Shake the salt habit

Limit foods with added sodium. Limit fast and pre-prepared or

processed foods (canned soups, pickles, chips, processed meats)

Choose foods with the least added sodium.

Limit salt/sodium used at the table and in cooking.


2009

Check food labels for sodium

Look for foods that

provide 10% or less of your daily value for sodium.


2009

Limit alcohol

No more than 2 drinks per day

9 drinks weekly for women

14 drinks weekly for men

No Binging


2009 Smoking increases…

.. your blood pressure

.. your risk for heart disease and stroke

.. your risk for many lung diseases

.. your risk for many types of cancer


2009

Become smoke-free

Quit on your own (works for many).

Join a smoking cessation program. Try gum, patch, pills. Avoid temptation. Discuss with your doctor or

pharmacist. Choose smoke-free environments.


2009Reduce stress

Take time to relax.

58

2008

BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA

What about medications for hypertension ?


2008

Hypertension medications

Lower your blood pressure.

In the long-term reduce your risk for stroke (by 40%), heart attack (by 20%), and heart failure (by 50%).

Usually do not change how you feel.


2008

Question

Do all people on medications for hypertension have their

blood pressure under control?


2008

Answer

Many people with hypertension require both lifestyle changes

and more than one medication to control their blood pressure.


2008

It may take up to 6 weeks for pills to lower your blood pressure.

Pills need to be continued, even when your blood pressure is controlled.

Pills are usually taken for life (unless your doctor stops the

medication).



2008

Medications need to be taken as directed or…

Blood pressure may not be controlled. Side effects may be more troublesome. An adverse reaction or event may result. Your doctor may think they are not

working and prescribe a higher dose or add another medication.



2009High blood pressure

Is a silent and common cause of disability and death.

Can be prevented and treated by changes in lifestyle.

Can cause problems that may be prevented by lifestyle changes and medication.

Get your blood pressure measured today!


2009What you can do

Know your numbers. Know your targets. Measure your blood pressure at

home. Make healthy lifestyle choices. Take pills as prescribed.


2009 Resources

Heart and Stroke Foundationwww.heartandstroke.ca/bp


2009

Can be ordered at: www.hypertension.qc.ca

Resources


2009 Can be ordered at: www.hypertension.qc.ca

Resources


2009

Available at: www.hypertension.ca/bpc

Resources


2009Other resources

Smokers Help Line www.aadac.com 1-866-332-2322

Canada’s Food Guide www.healthcanada.gc.ca

Canada’s Exercise Guide www.hc-sc.gc.ca


2009

1. Blood pressure measures the amount of pressure in your arteries.

TRUE FALSE Don’t know

Question


2009

2. A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90 (140/90 mmHg) is considered too high.

TRUE FALSE Don’t Know

Question


2009

3. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is too high by the way you feel.


Question


2009

4. Having one elevated blood pressure reading means that you have high blood pressure.


Question


2009

5. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and dementia.


Question


2009

6. The following lifestyle factors can help to treat and control high blood pressure: Having a healthy weight Regular exercise Eating a healthy diet Restricting alcohol intake Reducing sodium/salt intake


Question


2009

7. Smoking increases blood pressure.


Question


2009

8. Generally, people who do not have high blood pressure should have their blood pressure checked every 3 to 4 years.


Question


2009

9. If you are taking pills for high blood pressure you will need to stay on them the rest of your life.


Question


2009

10. If you are older than 65 and your blood pressure is elevated above your target despite your healthy lifestyle, should you be considered for medication?


Question


2009 How can you do all that?

The 5 Steps to Change

1. Take control2. Keep it simple3. Take it slow4. When you fall, get up5. Change your mind


2009

The 1st of the 5 steps to change

To take control two things need to happen:1. The need to change something must

be very important to you.2. You must have confidence in yourself

that you can actually succeed at doing it.

Importance + Confidence = Motivation

The Sixty Second Motivator: Jim Johnson, PT


2009 How motivated are you ?Ask yourself1. How important is it for me to make this

change ? (0 = not important, 10 = very important)

2. How confident am I that I can make this change?

(0= not confident, 10 = very confident)



2009

If you scored low on importance..

Find reasons to change that are meaningful to you and give you something you really want.

• What would it be like if you reached your goal?• How would you feel?• What would the benefits be ?• What would happen if you never reached your

goal?• What would it take to make reaching your goal

more important to you?



2009

If you scored low on confidence..

Make sure you have the tools, skills and knowledge that will allow you to reach your goal.

• Do you know how you will achieve your goal?• Is there more than one way to do it?• What skills and tools are needed?• What knowledge is needed?• If you know people who achieved similar goals, ask

how they did it.• Who should I ask for help or advice?



2009

Acknowledgements

Sponsored by: Sponsored by: Blood Pressure Canada Blood Pressure Canada The Canadian Hypertension SocietyThe Canadian Hypertension SocietyThe Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) The Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) Heart and Stroke Foundation of CanadaHeart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Updated in 2008 by a multi-disciplinary teamUpdated in 2008 by a multi-disciplinary team •Nurse – Donna McLeanNurse – Donna McLean•Physicians – Charlotte Jones (Chair), Ross FeldmanPhysicians – Charlotte Jones (Chair), Ross Feldman•Dietitians - Wendy Shah, Marla RichardsonDietitians - Wendy Shah, Marla Richardson

Downloadable at: Downloadable at: www.hypertension.ca/bpcwww.hypertension.ca/bpc

2009 BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA Public Education Slide Kit High Blood...

Documents

Transcript of 2009 BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA Public Education Slide Kit High Blood...