2008.0617.Bio-Based Energy in Georgia Harding
Transcript of 2008.0617.Bio-Based Energy in Georgia Harding
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Water and Renewable Fuels
Ross HardingAlbany Water Summit XIV Tuesday 17th
June 2008
Copyright 2007 Herty Advanced Materials Development Center
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Outline
Renewable Flues an overview
Renewable Fuel Drivers
Growth of Biomass Energy and potential Water Consumption Impacts
Issues and Opportunities
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Founded in 1938 to honor CharlesHerty, father of the Southern pulp andpaper industry
Charter broadened in 2005 to
cover all Materials Manufacturing
Industries
Georgia State Agency. Confidentiality assured.
Independent
Non-profit organization
Commercialization CenterStaff: 40 people in Lab and Pilot Plant
HERTY accelerates a good idea to a great commercial success
HERTY - reduces the risk of product innovation
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Renewable Fuels Overview
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Renewable Fuels 101
A (Ross) definition fuels made from natural sources which can regenerate in less than alife time. For example:
Solar, Wind, Wave, Hydro, BiomassBiomass (another Ross) definition any organic material that once was green.trees,grasses, sugar cane, corn.
Biomass Uses as fuel
Combustion for heat and electricity production Gasification for syn gas production
Burn the gas as a fossil fuel replacement
Convert the gas into liquid transportation fuels
Fermentation
Break the biomass down into sugar and ferment the sugar into liquidfuels
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No Single Solution
There is plenty of renewable energy sources. Our challenge is toconvert to so that it can be in the right place, in the right form at theright time and at the right price.
Oil has been a ubiquitous solution to our energy and manufacturingneeds
Renewable Energy will come from many sources
Each geographic location, based on its natural resources, has aprimary potential renewable energy source and a number of
secondary sources.
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Wind
http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_energy.html#two
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Geothermal
http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_energy.html#two
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Corn Ethanol
http://www.card.iastate.edu/research/bio/tools/ethanol.aspx
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http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_energy.html#two
Total PotentialBiomass
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Forest Biomass
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Georgia has a strong position inforest based biomass
Georgia not only has large areas of forest land but over 24 millionacres (2/3 of total Georgia land area) are privately owned, forestedand accessible for logging
7-10 million acres are cultivated as plantationsThe largest regional impact will be from Biomass based cellulosicethanol, electricity, heat and power production
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DriversEconomic
EnvironmentalNational Security
&Quality of Life
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Some Useful Comparisons and Trigger Points
Biomass At $75/barrel oil $10/Million BTU Natural Gas and $0.06kwh
economics of Forest based Biomass at $35 per dry ton as a feedstock start to make sense.
It takes VAST amounts of biomass and VAST acreage to replaceeven small quantities of fossil fuels consumed
Good plantations can produce 10 Green Tons/Acer/Year
Ethanol yields of 50 gallons per green ton are possible
Electricity can be produced at 10,000 tons biomass per MW
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Get Specific What is the impact on the US?A growing imbalance
Energy use and quality
of life are inexorablylinked
Cheap Oil made theUS competitive butinefficient we need to
get efficient to competein an energy starvedworld.
As 3rd world countriesadvance
energyconsumptionwill boom
Per Capita1.7kW/Person
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/70/Gdp-energy-efficiency.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/Energy_consumption_versus_GDP.png -
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The message is - The US runs out first!
Proven Oil Reserve life
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We need short term efficiencyAND
We need long term self sufficiency
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:US_Oil_Production_and_Imports_1920_to_2005.png -
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The Federal Government understands the impact - The Energy Independence
and Security Act 2007 targets 16 Billion Gallons of Ethanol from Cellulose by2022
Georgia canproduce 1.6 BillionGallons from wasteand surplus forestmaterials alone.We need to target10% minimum as
our share.
Copyright 2007 Herty Advanced Materials Development Center
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The FARM BILL 2008 further supports the rapid development of renewable fuels
Energy:
PROMOTES BIOMASS CROP PRODUCTION, HARVESTING, PROCESSING:The bill creates and fully funds a program to encourage farmers to establish andgrow biomass crops in areas around biomass facilities such as biorefineries. It also provides matching payments to producers for harvest, transport and storage of
biomass delivered to such a facility.
PROVIDES BIOMASS LOAN GUARANTEES: The bill provides $320 million in mandatory funding for loan guarantees for commercial scale biorefineries for
advanced biofuels. The maximum guaranteed loan amount is $250 million and 80 percent of total project costs, with up to 90 percent of that guaranteed.
SUPPORTS RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY:The energy title provides $250 million in mandatory funding to provide grants and loan
guarantees for renewable energy and energy efficiency systems for farmers, ranchers and rural small businesses. This program leverages on average ten times the
federal funding it receives. The mandatory funding in the bill will more than double the amount previously spent on these projects.
ASSISTS CONVERSTION TO BIOMASS ENERGY: The bill provides $35 million in mandatory funding for grants to support repowering of existing biorefineries with
biomass energy systems.
ENCOURAGES PRODUCTION OF ADVANCED BIOFUELS:Included in the energy title is $300 million in mandatory funding for payments to support theproduction of advanced biofuels, including biodiesel and cellulosic biofuels.
EXPANDS BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: The Biomass Research and Development program is the premier biomass energy research program; it
is administered jointly with the Department of Energy. The bill continues this program and provides $118 million in mandatory funding, which more than doubles
current funding.
CONTINUES BIODIESEL FUEL EDUCATION INITIATIVE: Competitive grants to educate the public about effective biodiesel use and the benefits of biodiesel are
continued with funding of $1 million per year.
STRENGTHENS THE FEDERAL PROCUREMENT AND LABELING PROGRAM FOR BIOBASED PRODUCTS: The energy title amends the current biobased
products federal purchase preference and labeling programs to include intermediate ingredients and feedstocks and provide for automatic designation for items
composed of high levels of these feedstocks. Also sets a deadline for implementation of the biobased product labeling program and increases funding for this
program to $2 million per year. Decreases production tax credit on corn ethanol from $0.51 to $0.45 and increases provides $1.01 for cellulosic ethanol
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When Will it happen in Georgia
It is happening already
Davis Oil Fermenting millions of gallons of waste soda and juice into
6 Million Gallons of Ethanol In Perry and selling it as E85 intheir gas stations
FRAM Renewable Fuels Converting saw dust into 300,000 tons/year wood pellets
for co firing to replace coal
Range Fuels Broken ground on Phase 1 of 100 Million gallons per
year (3000/ton/day pine) Gasification to ethanol plant inSoperton
Yellow Pine 50MW wood fired power plant Fort Gaines
Weyerhaeuser 1000 ton/day waste fuel boilers Port Wentworth
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The Impact on WaterConsumption of Biomass
Based Fuels
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Disclaimer each and every process is different and unique, each track of land hasdifferent production rates, different harvest needs..I hate when people
approximate, generalize and then draw conclusion around renewable fuelsthat
being said let me approximate, generalize and draw conclusions..
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Targets for Georgia by 2020 GEFA estimates in the Meeting Future
Electricity Demand briefing paper to theGovernors Energy Policy Council that
approximately 1000 MW ofelectricity/heat/powerwill be required fromrenewable biomass
Meeting a target of 20% of gasoline demand will
require 1.6 Billion Gallons of cellulosicethanol
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A new regional model think in circles
Availability of Sustainable Biomass and Transport Costs are driving the solution to a smaller
regional model inside a 25-50 mile collection and distribution circle
Locally Grown Locally Converted Locally Consumed
Transportation of Biomass One of the largest costs of biomass is transportation Current costs $0.14 per ton per mile min 50 miles
50% of trees are water but in a form that is costly to deal with and most often a negative costConsumption of Biomass
10,000 tons per MW 50 gallons of ethanol per green ton
A 50 Million gallon ethanol plant or 100 MW power facility will consume 1 Million green tons ofbiomass annually
Availability of Biomass At forest production rates of 7 tons/acre/year and a 16 year rotation you need 150,000 acres
year to sustain production of 1 Million tons per year Assumes no irrigation A 25 mile radius circle contains approx 1.3 Million acres
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Total and net water consumption estimates vary on technology:
Electricity production from combustion and steam same asfor coal based generation
0.5 gallons per kWh end consumption
13 Million Gallons per MW per year
Gasification will use a fraction of this amount Cellulosic Ethanol
2 gallons per gallons produced by thermal path
6 gallons per gallons produced by fermentation path
FYI
Oil Refining to produce gasoline uses 2.5 gallons of water per gallonof gasoline
Corn ethanol 3-4 gallons water per gallon ethanol produced
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Illustration only:
Georgia at 10% USproduction
35 cellulose ethanolplants producing 50Million gallons with $100Million capital investmenteach at 25 mile radius
1.6 Billion Gallons5 Million acres
50 Million Tons Biomass
Replace 20% of Georgias
gasoline needs by 2022
Bio based fuels could change the face of rural US
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Copyright 2007 Herty Advanced Materials Development Center
Georgia Economic Value Added by Accellerated Commercilization
0
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2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Millions$EconomicImp
act
Economic Impact Value Added by Investment in
Georgia Biofuels Commercialization Center and
associated marketing, distribution and incentiveprograms
Economic Impact W ith Biofuel Commercialization
Center and package of marketing, communication
and incentives
Economic Impact Without Biofuel
Commercialization Center and package of
marketing, communication and incentives
10%Renewable
20%
Renewable
Georgia can accelerate the speed, scale and value of a new set ofbio fuels industries by investments designed to accelerate theimplementation of decisions to build new plants and operate them atpeak production
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Herty and Renewable Fuels
Feedstock Optimization cost effective,abundant and reliable fuel. Each energyconversion process requires different andunique feedstock for optimum cost effectiveenergy production
Supply Chain Optimization
Process IntegrationCommercialization and Scale Up - Herty is anindustry trusted independent third partycommercialization center.Herty provides a hub location to develop at pilotscale, the processes and equipment required to
develop this new and growing industry.
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Copyright 2007 Herty Advanced Materials Development Center
Associations GA Forestry Assoc. P2E
GA Conservancy Peanut Growers Assoc.
Partners and Customers
Universities and Agencies Georgia Institute of Technology University of Georgia GEFA and Dept Eco Dev
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