2008 Thornapple River Watershed Biosurvey …...A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE THORNAPPLE RIVER...

MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY WATER BUREAU

SEPTEMBER 2009

STAFF REPORT

A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE THORNAPPLE RIVER WATERSHED KENT, BARRY, EATON, AND IONIA COUNTIES, MICHIGAN

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2008

INTRODUCTION

The biologic integrity, chemical characteristics, and physical habitat conditions of the Thornapple River (Hydrologic Unit Code 04050007) and selected tributaries were surveyed during August and September 2008, by the Surface Water Assessment Section (SWAS) of the Water Bureau (WB). The objectives of this study were to:

• Evaluate the attainment status of the “other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife” designateduse.

• Support the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) point sourceprogram.

• Identify and investigate effects of nonpoint sources (NPS) of pollution.• Follow-up on stakeholder recommendations.• Reassess water bodies listed as Categories 3, 4a, or 4c in the Section 303(d) list of

nonattaining water bodies.

Based on probabilistic sampling, 93 ± 8 percent of the Thornapple River and Rabbit River watersheds were attaining the other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife designated use (using a 95 percent Confidence Interval). This estimate is based on the results of sampling 42 wadeable sites and 2 nonwadeable sites in the Thornapple River and Rabbit River watersheds.

This report addresses only the sites within the Thornapple River, while watershed-wide attainment calculations based on probabilistic sampling refer to both the Thornapple River and Rabbit River combined (for details on the Rabbit River 2008 survey, see Lipsey, 2009).

SUMMARY

Within the Thornapple River watershed, macroinvertebrate communities were sampled at 36 sites (34 wadeable; 2 nonwadeable) using the SWAS Procedure 51 (MDEQ, 1990; Creal et al., 1996). Site locations and a summary of all results are located in Table 1. Macroinvertebrate scores for the 2 nonwadeable sites were 30 (marginal) and 77 (excellent) (Table 2). The average macroinvertebrate score for the 34 wadeable streams was 0.52 (within the acceptable range) scoring excellent at 4 sites, acceptable at 27 sites, and poor at 3 sites (Tables 3a and 3b). Habitat was generally categorized as good, based on the average habitat score of 114 for the watershed (Table 4).

Water samples were collected at seven sites throughout the watershed (Table 5) and the water chemistry results were compared to the expected, or reference, ranges for each parameter for the Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Till Plain (SMNITP) ecoregion compiled by Lundgren (1994) and Michigan’s Water Quality Standards (WQS). Total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.013 to 0.148 milligrams per liter (mg/L) at the seven sites where data was

MI/DEQ/WB-09/061 REVISED MARCH 9, 2010

collected. This range of total phosphorus is similar to that found in the 2003 survey of the watershed (Rockafellow, 2004) and within the range found in 1994 (Lundgren) (0.033 to 0.17 mg/L in the Thornapple River at McKeown and Barger Roads). The concentrations of other parameters at all sites, with the exception of mercury and nickel at Station 10 (see description under Objective 2 below), were within the expected range for the SMNITP ecoregion and below Michigan WQS. BACKGROUND The entire Thornapple River watershed is within the SMNITP ecoregion, which broadly covers the majority of the southern half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan (Omernik and Gallant, 1988). The Thornapple River is a tributary to the Lower Grand River, with the confluence in Grand Rapids, Michigan (Figure 1). In terms of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) landscape ecosystem types, the Thornapple River watershed is composed of Lansing, Cassopolis Ice-Contact Ridges, and Battle Creek Outwash Plain subsections (Albert, 1995). The eastern portion of the watershed is in the Lansing ecosystem subsection, where soils are rich loams. Presettlement vegetation would have supported beech and maple forests with occasional pockets of forested wetlands, which formerly occupied about 30 percent of the area. Most uplands in the fertile Lansing subsection have been converted to agriculture while most wetlands were deforested and converted to pastureland. Drainage by tiling and ditching was necessary to support agriculture in many areas, and as a result, many stream headwaters that were once sprawling wetlands are now drainage ditches and maintained drains with low gradient (less than 1 meter elevation drop per kilometer). Topography is gently rolling in the Lansing subsection. The southwestern portion of the watershed, most of Barry County, is a patchwork of the Cassopolis Ice-Contact Ridges and Battle Creek Outwash Plain subsections. These ecosystems are composed of sand and gravel outwash plains with numerous small lakes and wetlands, broken by steep gradient ice-contact ridges and end-moraines. The steep terrain results in higher gradient streams, such as Glass Creek and Fall Creek, which have an overall gradient of 2.0 to 2.5 meters elevation per kilometer. Well drained portions originally supported tall-grass prairies, oak-hickory forests, and oak savannahs such as those being restored and preserved at the Pierce Nature Preserve southwest of Hastings, and the Barry State Game Area, which encompasses 17,000 acres in the Glass Creek vicinity. Farming was not sustainable in this area and efforts were largely abandoned in the 1920s and 1930s, resulting in the reforestation of abandoned fields, but residential areas are expanding. The main channel of the Thornapple River near the confluence of the Grand River occupies a former glacial outwash channel that is about 30 meters lower than the surrounding plains. Because of the deep soils, streams tend to trench deeply and have steep eroding banks in high gradient areas, for example, High Bank Creek. Several dams and impoundments remain in place on the mainstem Thornapple River, including Irving impoundment and the Nashville impoundment. The removal of the impoundment in Nashville is imminent and the baseline data to study the effects are currently being assembled. These dams continue to affect water temperature, sediment transport, and fish passage. METHODS Sites for this water quality survey were selected via two methods: targeted sampling to address specific areas of interest; and probabilistic sampling, using stratified, random site selection to address statewide and regional questions about water quality. The probabilistic approach was used to select 32 sites in the Thornapple watershed (MDEQ, 2006 draft). Random sample selection was stratified based on stream temperature and flow characteristics, placing streams in two temperature categories (cold and warm) and further classifying them into four size categories (small, medium, large, and very large). In addition to probabilistic monitoring, six

sites were selected for targeted monitoring to fulfill specific monitoring requests, fill gaps in historic surveys, and collect information relevant to NPDES permits (Objectives 2-5). Macroinvertebrates and habitat were surveyed at 36 and 34 of the 38 sites, respectively (Table 1). Water samples were collected and preserved using the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) standard protocol (MDNR, 1994). Stations 1 and 2 were surveyed using the procedure for nonwadeable streams (MDEQ, 2009 draft). Procedure 51 describes the methodology for macroinvertebrate and habitat surveys of wadeable streams, and was used to evaluate Stations 3-9, 11, and 13-38. Procedure 51 rates macroinvertebrate communities as poor (-9 to -5), acceptable (-4 to +4), and excellent (+5 to +10), based on the proportions of each taxa found, and the sensitivity of the community assemblage to water quality concerns. Habitat was rated on a scale of poor (<56), marginal (56-104), good (105-154), or excellent (>154), based on in-stream and riparian characteristics and impairments.

RESULTS Objective 1: Evaluate the attainment status of the “other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife” designated use. Habitat Habitat scores ranged from poor at one site (Station 16) to excellent at three sites (Stations 5, 13, and 24) (Tables 1 and 4). In general, flow flashiness, low frequency of riffles and bends, lack of channel sinuosity, and high sediment deposition were noted as problems at poor and marginal sites. All of these are symptoms caused by the channelization and straightening of the water bodies, particularly in headwaters. At stations where habitat was determined to be marginal, channel alteration was consistently noted as a problem and was often accompanied by a narrow or absent vegetated riparian buffer. Quaker Brook, which scored poor, was highly modified and approximately 80 percent of the stream bottom was composed of sand with little structure (woody debris, plants, or gravel/cobble) for aquatic organisms to inhabit. Excellent habitat was found in the Thornapple River at Center Road (Station 5), Coldwater River off Winding River Road (Station 13), and Glass Creek at M-37 (Station 24). Habitat at these three stations was characterized by ample exposed cobble and woody debris. Glass Creek, in particular, clearly benefits from stable flows attributable to favorable upstream land management practices and the preservation of riparian areas in the state game area. A housing development was in the process of being built adjacent to Glass Creek at the time of the survey, which may have an impact on water quality in the future. Macroinvertebrate Community Macroinvertebrate communities were sampled at 36 sites and scored excellent at 5 sites, acceptable at 27 sites, marginal at 1 site, and poor at 3 sites (Tables 1, 2, 3a, and 3b). The excellent, high quality macroinvertebrate communities were found in the Thornapple River at Alaska Avenue, Broadway Street, and Center Road (Stations 2, 4, and 5), Coldwater River off Winding River Road (Station 13) and Highbank Creek at Bivens Road (Station 30). Poor macroinvertebrate community ratings at three sites (Stations 26, 35, and 36) indicate that those stream reaches may not be attaining the “other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife” designated use. Sites that scored poor are described below:

1. Little Thornapple River at M-43 in Barry County (Station 26): The macroinvertebrate community at Station 26 was characterized by a marked dominance of amphipods, which composed 52 percent of the sample, and surface air breathers, which composed 29 percent of the sample. The in-stream habitat at Station 26 included sparse root mats, and moderate amounts of overhanging vegetation and aquatic vegetation (Ludwigia

palustris) along the banks. Problems that may contribute to a poor macroinvertebrate habitat include the lack of cobble habitat and deposition of fine sediment over approximately one-half of the stream bottom. Low dissolved oxygen levels, as indicated by the prevalence of surface air breathing aquatic invertebrates, may also be a problem. Three miles upstream of Station 26, the Little Thornapple River at Wellman Road (Station 25) was also surveyed (Figure 2). The macroinvertebrate community at Station 25 was similar to that at Station 26, except that caddisflies were found at the upstream station and there were fewer surface air breathing taxa (less than 1 percent of the sample). These results support the hypothesis that low dissolved oxygen may be the cause of the poor community found at Station 26. The land use between Stations 25 and 26 is agricultural mixed with forest, with considerable variation in the wooded riparian buffer widths. Lakewood Authority Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) (MI0042978) is a 4.3 million gallons per day NPDES permitted discharge to the Little Thornapple River approximately 0.25 miles upstream of Station 25, and 3.5 miles upstream of Station 26. This WWTP uses advanced waste treatment technology and is consistently in compliance with their permit.

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Carlton Center

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Figure 2. Stations 25 and 26 located on the Little Thornapple River in Barry County. The macroinvertebrate community at Station 26 rated poor.

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Lake Odessa

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2. Little Thornapple River at Vermontville Highway in Eaton County (Station 35): The

in-stream habitat at Station 35 lacked overhanging vegetation and aquatic plants, but moderate amounts of large woody debris were present. Approximately 80 percent of the stream bottom was silted over, resulting in a lack of niche habitat for macroinvertebrates. In addition to the community composition indicating water quality concerns, low macroinvertebrate densities were also observed at this site. The Little Thornapple in Eaton County is a highly modified water body in the agricultural setting of the Lansing ecosystem subsection (Albert, 1995). The channelization of this water body and the nature of the soils in the subwatershed likely resulted in excess scouring, sediment transport, and the resulting sediment deposition, which caused the low quality and quantity of macroinvertebrate habitat.

3. Church Drain at Stewart Road (Station 36): The macroinvertebrate community at Station 36 was overwhelmingly dominated by amphipods, which composed 95 percent of the subsample collected, and densities were observed to be high. Though fish were not sampled in Church Drain, numerous sticklebacks were inadvertently captured. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis of a sample obtained from this station was low (9.1 mg/L) relative to other sites in the Thornapple River watershed. The presence of sticklebacks and low COD indicate that dissolved oxygen is not a factor in the poor macroinvertebrate community. Church Drain is a small, sandy tributary of Butternut Creek. The Church Drain watershed is rural, and while there is a quarry upstream of Station 36, which may contribute sediment or storm water, there are no NPDES permitted point sources of pollution discharging to Church Drain. The in-stream habitat is possibly impacted by excess sediment deposition, which is supported by reports of cattle with direct stream access near the headwaters of Church Drain. But overall in-stream and riparian habitat and flow velocity were considered good. It is unclear what may be impacting the macroinvertebrate community at Station 36, and more investigation is warranted. Any future investigations should include more extensive water chemistry and sediment analysis, inclusive of total dissolved solids and other ions to assess possible impacts from the quarry operation.

Objective 2: Support the NPDES point source program. Walden Creek – Station 10 Contaminated groundwater from Lacks Industries – Cascade (a former electroplating facility) may vent into Walden Creek. The groundwater plume is contaminated by nickel, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and potentially other metals in the vicinity of Walden Lake, Grand Rapids, Michigan. The facility is currently conducting a study to determine if the plume is venting to Walden Creek. A sample taken downstream of the potential groundwater surface water interface at Station 10 (Walden Creek at Cascade Road) found 0.3 micrograms per liter (µg/L) of total mercury. This level of mercury is above the WQS of 0.0013 µg/L and above the concentrations found at reference sites throughout the state (Lundgren, 1994). However, this single sample was not collected using clean sampling techniques (United States Environmental Protection Agency Method 1669) and thus the results may be questionable. The concentration of nickel (4.0 µg/L) was above the range of reference sites throughout the state (Lundgren, 1994), but was not above the Michigan WQS.

Unnamed Tributary to the Thornapple River – Station 12

In 2006, multiple citizen complaints regarding stream odor and bacterial growths lead MDEQ district staff to request that biosurveys be conducted downstream of Gerald Ford International Airport (MI0055735), on an unnamed tributary to the Thornapple River where the airport discharges deicing materials in their storm water. These surveys were conducted in early May 2007 and the macroinvertebrate communities were rated poor (-5). At that time, nuisance conditions of excess bacterial/fungal slimes were present and unnatural color, turbidity, and septic odors were noted (Rippke, 2007). This is a seasonal contamination (i.e., winter/spring) due to the seasonal use of deicers on aircraft, and as expected, the total organic carbon (TOC) at Station 12 collected in August 2008 (8 mg/L) was similar to that of the samples collected at unimpacted locations during this survey. The stream did emit a chemical odor; however, bacterial/fungal slimes were not evident. Objective 3: Identify and investigate effects of NPS of pollution.

McCords Creek and Church Drain were surveyed in response to reports from the Barry County Conservation District that sediment erosion may be a problem. A macroinvertebrate survey had

been planned for McCords Creek at Buttrick Avenue, but this site was found to be dry, and therefore, macroinvertebrate surveys could not be completed. McCords Creek is a small tributary (harmonic mean flow of 0.3 cubic feet per second, Land and Water Management Division Low Flow Database) located in a low density residential area of the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The survey of Church Drain indicated that this water body may not be meeting the other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife designated use, and sediment deposition due to cattle access is one potential cause (see Objective #1 for more discussion). Severe bank erosion was found in Highbank Creek at the Bivens Road crossing (Station 30). This area of the Highbank Creek watershed is high gradient, with a slope of 4.5 meters elevation per kilometer. A ditch had recently been dug along Bivens Road to guide storm water into Highbank Creek; however, since no culvert was in place to facilitate flow under a gravel driveway paralleling the creek, storm water has caused massive erosion of the driveway into the creek. Prior to the installation of the roadside ditch, this erosion problem did not exist. The owner of this property (5400 Bivens Road) had been in contact with the road commission to correct the problem, but no attempt had been made as of this survey date.

Objective 4: Follow up on stakeholder recommendations.

Nutrient Enrichment Investigations Mud Creek (Stations 31-32), Glass Creek (Station 24), Quaker Brook (Stations 16-18), Fall Creek (Station 27), High Bank Creek (Station 30), lower Thornapple River (Stations 1-2), Little Thornapple River (Eaton County, Station 35), and Wilkinson and Algonquin Lakes were all evaluated for nutrient enrichment expression at the request of the Barry County Conservation District. No nutrient expression, such as excess algae, was visually apparent in any of the streams at the time of this survey. Macroinvertebrates community surveys were conducted at these stations and all were meeting the other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife designated use except for Station 35 (see Objective #2 for discussion of poor sites). Total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were sampled in Quaker Brook, Glass Creek, and Church Drain (Table 5), and were within the expected range for the SMNITP ecoregion (Lundgren, 1994). The concentration of total phosphorus at Quaker Brook (0.148 mg/L) was the highest of the 6 sites sampled during this survey. Quaker Brook is a designated coldwater trout stream with a highly modified channel and little riparian buffer. MDEQ staff visually observed the entire perimeter of Wilkinson and Cloverdale Lakes (Figure 3). These two lakes are essentially a single lake, connected by a large wetland area with a narrow channel to allow boat traffic. Cloverdale Lake was monitored by the USGS in 2008. Measurements taken in April and August 2008 as part of the USGS Lake Water Quality Assessment program found that total phosphorus in Cloverdale Lake ranged from 0.013-0.048 mg/L, secchi depth ranged from 2.9-3.4 meters, and chlorophyll a ranged from 2.5-3.0 mg/L (USGS data, unpublished). Using Carlson’s (1977) trophic state index (TSI), Cloverdale Lake is mesotrophic (TSI secchi=43, TSI chlorophyll a=40). Since Cloverdale and Wilkinson Lakes are hydrologically connected, this data from Cloverdale Lake is likely representative of Wilkinson as well. Despite the mesotrophic status of Cloverdale Lake, floating vegetation covered the shallow areas of both of these lakes. The wetland littoral zone present in Wilkinson and Cloverdale Lakes is likely present due to geologic reasons, rather than nutrient enrichment.

The MDEQ does not have any data on Algonquin Lake. During the site visit to this 240-acre impoundment of Sand Creek (Barry County), signs of eutrophy, such as excess algae, were not apparent.

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Figure 3. Location of Wilkinson, Cloverdale and Long Lakes in Barry County.

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Recovery of Tyler Creek – Stations 14 and 15 A major fish kill (greater than 1,000 trout) occurred in Tyler Creek in 2006 resulting in the intensive investigation into the effects and causes of the kill. Following the fish kill, the macroinvertebrate community of Tyler Creek was surveyed at 76th Street, Freeport Road, 85th Street, 92nd Street, and 100th Street to assess the other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife designated use (Holden, 2007). Fisheries Biologists from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) requested that the MDEQ reevaluate Tyler Creek in 2008 to determine if the macroinvertebrate community had continued to improve. Though the macroinvertebrate communities rated acceptable at all stations, less than 1 percent of the subsamples were mayflies. In 2008, as a follow-up to the 2006 sampling, the sites at 84th Street (Station 14) and 92nd Street (Station 15) were resampled. The percent mayfly composition increased from less than 1 percent in 2006, to 5 percent and 8 percent at Stations 14 and 15, respectively. Since 2006, the number of mayfly taxa also increased from 2 to 3 taxa at Station 14, and from 1 to 3 taxa at Station 15. The percent caddisfly composition also increased dramatically from 8.5 percent to 30 percent at Station 14, but did not markedly increase at Station 15. Overall macroinvertebrate scores were found to improve by 3 points from the 2006 to 2008 surveys at both stations (from +1 to +4 at Station 14, and -1 to +2 at Station 15). These results indicate that the macroinvertebrate community has recolonized the substrates in Tyler Creek. Historic surveys on Tyler Creek prior to the fish kill were conducted using an older version of the Procedure 51, making comparisons inappropriate, and neither Stations 14 nor 15 had been surveyed prior to the fish kill. Objective 5: Reassess water bodies listed as Categories 3, 4a, or 4c in the Section 303(d) list of nonattaining water bodies. Several sites had been previously listed in the Clean Water Act Section 303(d) list of water bodies not attaining the “other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife” designated use due to stream modifications (Category 4c). Several of these sites (Stations 20, 25, 30, and 31) were surveyed and found to be supporting acceptable or excellent macroinvertebrate communities, while

several others (Stations 26, 35, and 36) scored poor. These results will be considered during the 2010 update of the Section 303(d) list. Fieldwork by: Molly Rippke, Aquatic Biologist

Tamara Lipsey, Aquatic Biologist Sylvia Heaton, Aquatic Biologist

Christine Alexander, Aquatic Biologist Surface Water Assessment Section

Water Bureau

Seth Wright Great Lakes Environmental Center

Report by: Molly Rippke, Aquatic Biologist Surface Water Assessment Section Water Bureau

Literature Cited

Albert, Dennis A. 1995. Regional Landscape Ecosystems of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin: A Working Map and Classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-178. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. (The link provided was broken and has been removed.) (Version 03JUN1998).

Carlson, R.E. 1977. A Trophic State Index for Lakes. Limnology and Oceanography. 22:361-369.

Creal, W., S. Hanshue, and S. Kosek. 1996. Update of GLEAS Procedure 51 Metric Scoring and Interpretation. MDEQ Staff Report No. MI/DEQ/SWQ-96/068. Revised May 1998.

Holden, S.W. 2007. Biological Survey Following a Fish Kill in Tyler Creek. Staff Report #MI/DEQ/WB-07/071.

Lipsey, T. 2009. Biological and Water Chemistry Surveys of Selected Stations in the Rabbit River Watershed, Allegan County, Michigan. August, September, and October 2008 REVISED June 11, 2009. Staff Report #MI/DEQ/WB-09/030.

Lundgren, R. 1994. Reference Site Monitoring Report 1992-1993. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Surface Water Quality Division, Lansing, Michigan. Report No. MI/DNR/SWQ-94/048.

MDEQ. 1990. SWAS Procedure 51 - Qualitative Biological and Habitat Survey Protocols for Wadeable Streams and Rivers, April 24, 1990. Revised June 1991, August 1996, January 1997, May 2002, and December 2008.

MDEQ. 2006. Draft. Water Bureau, Surface Water Assessment Section, Procedure (# to be assigned). Biological Trend Monitoring Procedure for Wadeable Streams.

MDEQ. 2009. Draft. Qualitative Biological and Habitat Survey Protocols for NonWadeable Rivers.

MDNR. 1994. Quality Assurance Manual for Water, Sediment, and Biological Sampling. Surface Water Quality Division, Lansing, Michigan. MI/DEQ/SWQ-98/083.

Omernik, J.M. and A. Gallant, 1988. Ecoregions of the Upper Midwest States. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA/600/3-88/037.

Rippke, M. 2007. Water Quality Investigation of an Unnamed Tributary to the Thornapple River Downstream of Gerald R. Ford International Airport, May 10, 2007. Staff Report #MI/DEQ/WB-07/104.

Rockafellow, D. 2004. A Biological Survey of the Thornapple River Watershed and Selected Tributaries. Eaton, Barry, Kent, and Ionia Counties, Michigan. July 2003. Staff Report #MI/DEQ/WD-04/061.

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Figure 1. Survey stations within the Thornapple River Watershed, 2008.

0 10 205Kilometers

Wilkinson andCloverdaleLakes

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McCords

Quak

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Hastings

City of GrandRapids

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Table 1. Site locations and summary of survey results for sites within the Thornapple River Watershed.

Stat

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Waterbody Location Latitude Longitude Mac

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*1 Thornapple River 68th St 42.8400 -85.4770 30 Marginal*2 Thornapple River Alaska Ave 42.7870 -85.4770 77 Excellent3 Thornapple River off M-37 42.6560 -85.3490 4 Acceptable Good4 Thornapple River Broadway St (Hastings) 42.6530 -85.2910 5 Excellent Good5 Thornapple River Center Rd 42.6390 -85.2620 6 Excellent Excellent6 Thornapple River end of Sherman St (Nashville) 42.6030 -85.0970 0 Acceptable Good7 Thornapple River Ionia Rd 42.6110 -85.0250 -3 Acceptable Marginal8 Thornapple River Gresham Hwy 42.6410 -84.9560 3 Acceptable Good9 Thornapple River M-50 42.6700 -84.9260 1 Acceptable Good10 Walden Creek Cascade Rd. (d/s Lacks Industries) 42.9212 -85.5054 X11 Unnamed Trib to Thornapple end of 52nd (airport) 42.8693 -85.5082 -3 Acceptable Marginal X12 Unnamed Trib to Thornapple 36th Street 42.9008 -85.5036 X13 Coldwater River off Winding River Rd 42.7730 -85.4470 7 Excellent Excellent14 Tyler Creek 84th St. (d/s of Swissland CAFO) 42.8134 -85.3275 4 Acceptable Good15 Bear (Tyler) Creek 92nd St 42.7990 -85.3350 2 Acceptable Good16 Quaker Brook M-66 (north crossing) 42.5779 -85.0944 2 Acceptable Poor17 Quaker Brook Francis St 42.5990 -85.0860 -1 Acceptable Marginal18 Quaker Brook Cloverdale Rd 42.5380 -85.0990 -1 Acceptable Marginal X19 Pratt Lake Creek W ingeier Ave (north) 42.8410 -85.3500 1 Acceptable Good20 Duck Creek Jackson Rd (d/s of Van Elst CAFO) 42.8201 -85.1932 -3 Acceptable Marginal21 Duncan Creek Stimpson Rd 42.7310 -85.4820 0 Acceptable Good22 Duncan Creek Cherry Valley Rd 42.7420 -85.5060 0 Acceptable Good23 Duncan Creek Duncan Lake Rd 42.7500 -85.5210 1 Acceptable Good24 Glass Creek M-37 42.6750 -85.4390 4 Acceptable Excellent X25 Little Thornapple River W ellman Rd 42.7510 -85.1540 0 Acceptable Good26 Little Thornapple River M-43 42.7270 -85.2060 -5 Poor Good27 Fall Creek Shriner St (Hastings) 42.6380 -85.2860 0 Acceptable Marginal X28 Cedar Creek McKeown Rd 42.6070 -85.2360 3 Acceptable Good29 Kellie Creek Lawrence Rd 42.5660 -85.2460 3 Acceptable Marginal30 Highbank Creek Bivens Rd 42.5860 -85.1820 5 Excellent Marginal31 Mud Creek Barnum Rd 42.7130 -85.1030 -1 Acceptable Marginal32 Mud Creek Davenport Rd 42.6908 -85.1090 2 Acceptable Marginal33 Lacey Creek Kinsel Hwy 42.5971 -84.9638 -3 Acceptable Marginal34 Lacey Creek Lamie Hwy 42.6120 -84.9630 -3 Acceptable Marginal35 Little Thornapple River Vermontville Hwy 42.6260 -84.8910 -5 Poor Good36 Church Drain Stewart Rd 42.6172 -84.7684 -5 Poor Good X37 Unnamed Trib to Butternut Stewart Rd 42.6200 -84.7680 -1 Acceptable Good38 Unnamed Trib to Butternut Kinsel Hwy 42.5970 -84.7150 -3 Acceptable Marginal* Macroinvertebrate sampling conducted using nonwadeable procedure

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Table 2. Macroinvertebrate community results for non-wadeable sites in the Thornapple River, June 2008.

Thornapple River Thornapple River6/19/2008 6/18/2008

TAXA Alaska Ave 68th StreetSTATION 1 STATION 2

PORIFERA (sponges) 3PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 3 ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Oligochaeta (worms) 1ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 601 62 Decapoda (crayfish) 2 4 Isopoda (sowbugs) 49 15 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 16 23Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetidae 1 11 Caenidae 16 9 Ephemerellidae 1 Heptageniidae 2 7 Polymitarcyidae 4 8 Potamanthidae 6 Tricorythidae 1 4 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 2 1 Zygoptera (damselflies) Coenagrionidae 5 Plecoptera (stoneflies) Perlidae 36 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 1 Corixidae 40 Naucoridae 10 Notonectidae 5 Pleidae 224 4 Veliidae 14 7 Megaloptera Sialidae (alder flies) 1 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 1 Hydropsychidae 18 Leptoceridae 6 7 Coleoptera (beetles) Dytiscidae (total) 3 Gyrinidae (adults) 1 Hydrophilidae (total) 2 Elmidae 23 9 Psephenidae (larvae) 1 Diptera (flies) Ceratopogonidae 5 1 Chironomidae 6 15 Simuliidae 8MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Hydrobiidae 2 Lymnaeidae 1 Physidae 24 Planorbidae 7 1

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Table 2a. Macroinvertebrate metric evaluation of non-wadeable stations surveyed in the Thornapple River Watershed, June 2008.

Thornapple River Thornapple River6/19/2008 6/18/2008

Alaska Ave 68th StreetSTATION 1 STATION 2

METRIC Value ValueTOTAL ABUNDANCE 1071 269TOTAL RICHNESS 26 30NUMBER OF EPHEMEROPTERA FAMILIES 5 7NUMBER OF PLECOPTERA FAMILIES 0 1NUMBER OF TRICHOPTERA FAMILIES 1 3NUMBER OF DIPTERA TAXA 2 3TRICHOPTERA ABUNDANCE 6 26ABUNDANCE OF DOMINANT TAXON 601 62SHREDDER ABUNDANCE 656 84SCRAPER ABUNDANCE 34 12COLL-FILTERER ABUNDANCE 0 36COLL-GATH ABUNDANCE 96 61PREDATOR ABUNDANCE 285 76

Metric Calculations Metric Score Metric ScoreFFG Diversity (25) 16 25Habitat Stability FFG Surrogate (25) 0 8% Trichoptera (20) 0 20EPT Richness (8) 3 8Total Richness (7) 7 7Diptera Richness (5) 2 2Plecoptera Richness (5) 0 2% Dominance (5) 2 5Total Score= 30 77Rating Marginal Excellent

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Table 3A. Qualitative macroinvertebrate sampling results for stations surveyed in the Thornapple River Watershed, August-September, 2008.

Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple RiverOff M-37 Broadway Street (M-43) Center Road End of Sherman Street9/3/2008 9/3/2008 9/4/2008 8/19/2008

TAXA STATION 3 STATION 4 STATION 5 STATION 6

PORIFERA (sponges) 1PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 3ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Hirudinea (leeches) 1 2 1 1 Oligochaeta (worms) 1 4ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 95 76 26 78 Decapoda (crayfish) 4 1 2 Isopoda (sowbugs) 3 8 15 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 3Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetidae 12 19 15 1 Caenidae 1 6 Ephemerellidae 18 13 14 Ephemeridae 1 Heptageniidae 15 6 12 5 Isonychiidae 2 3 5 Potamanthidae 5 2 12 Tricorythidae 2 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 2 1 3 Gomphidae 1 1 Macromiidae 1 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 32 8 9 4 Coenagrionidae 12 1 14 2 Plecoptera (stoneflies) Perlidae 4 1 1 Pteronarcyidae 1 1 1 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 1 1 Corixidae 1 2 Gerridae 1 2 1 Mesoveliidae 1 Nepidae 1 2 2 Notonectidae 1 1 Pleidae 1 11 Veliidae 1 1 Megaloptera Corydalidae (dobson flies) 1 Sialidae (alder flies) 1 8 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 3 36 Helicopsychidae 1 Hydropsychidae 6 32 22 2 Leptoceridae 8 4 6 Limnephilidae 1 2 4 Philopotamidae 1 1 Polycentropodidae 6 4 1 5 Uenoidae 1 Lepidoptera (moths) Pyralidae 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Dytiscidae (total) 1 Gyrinidae (adults) 1 1 Haliplidae (adults) 5 Hydrophilidae (total) 1 Psephenidae (adults) 4 1 Dryopidae 7 Elmidae 13 12 7 6 Diptera (flies) Athericidae 1 2 Chironomidae 15 39 35 10 Empididae 1 Ptychopteridae 2 Simuliidae 11 43 42 2 Tabanidae 3 Tipulidae 2 1MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 1 5 Hydrobiidae 1 1 Physidae 5 2 Planorbidae 1 5 1 Pleuroceridae 1 4 1 2 Valvatidae 1 Viviparidae 10 9 4 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Sphaeriidae (clams) 13 1 8 39 Unionidae (mussels) 1

TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 301 300 292 273

14

Table 3B. Macroinvertebrate metric evaluation of stations surveyed in the Thornapple River Watershed, August-September, 2008.

METRIC Value Score Value Score Value Score Value Score

TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 35 1 37 1 42 1 36 1NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 5 1 6 1 8 1 2 0NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 4 0 5 1 5 1 6 1NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 2 1 2 1 2 1 0 -1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 17.28 0 14.67 0 22.95 1 2.20 -1PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 5.32 0 15.33 0 10.27 0 19.78 0PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 31.56 0 25.33 0 14.38 1 28.57 0PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 6.31 0 4.00 0 10.62 -1 8.42 0PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 2.66 1 1.67 1 4.79 1 7.33 0

TOTAL SCORE 4 5 6 0

MACROINV. COMMUNITY RATING ACCEPT. EXCELLENT EXCELLENT ACCEPT.

Thornapple RiverCenter Road

9/4/2008

Thornapple RiverEnd of Sherman Street

8/19/2008

Thornapple RiverOff M-379/3/2008

Thornapple RiverBroadway Street (M-43)

9/3/2008STATION 3 STATION 4 STATION 5 STATION 6

15


Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple River Unnamed Trib to ThornappleIonia Road Gresham Hwy - West M-50 52nd (end)9/11/2008 9/11/2008 9/8/2008 9/2/2008


PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 1ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Oligochaeta (worms) 35 3ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 8 3 8 120 Decapoda (crayfish) 2 4 2 2 Isopoda (sowbugs) 3 6 64 19 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 1 1Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetiscidae 12 1 Baetidae 4 3 Caenidae 3 4 Heptageniidae 2 30 12 1 Leptophlebiidae 1 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 2 1 1 Gomphidae 2 11 4 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 5 25 16 Coenagrionidae 2 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 3 Corixidae 4 1 1 Gerridae 1 3 Nepidae 5 Notonectidae 4 Pleidae 4 1 Veliidae 1 8 Megaloptera Corydalidae (dobson flies) 7 4 Sialidae (alder flies) 8 2 1 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 1 3 Helicopsychidae 1 Hydropsychidae 10 46 7 Leptoceridae 4 15 11 Polycentropodidae 10 2 Uenoidae 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Dytiscidae (total) 2 1 Haliplidae (adults) 3 2 1 Dryopidae 9 37 2 2 Elmidae 6 18 5 6 Diptera (flies) Chironomidae 17 13 59 2 Dixidae 2 Empididae 2 Simuliidae 2 Tabanidae 4 1 4 Tipulidae 7MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 1 2 3 Hydrobiidae 16 11 3 Physidae 2 Planorbidae 2 Pleuroceridae 1 1 1 Viviparidae 3 3 1 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Sphaeriidae (clams) 1 54 16 2 Unionidae (mussels) 1 1


16



TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 33 1 31 1 31 1 16 0NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 1 -1 4 1 4 1 2 1NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 3 0 4 0 4 0 1 -1NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 1.17 -1 17.01 0 6.52 0 2.11 -1PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 8.77 0 10.42 0 21.38 0 3.68 -1PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 20.47 0 18.75 1 23.19 0 63.16 -1PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 16.37 -1 7.99 0 26.09 -1 10.00 0PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 15.20 0 1.74 1 1.09 1 5.79 1

TOTAL SCORE -3 3 1 -3

MACROINV. COMMUNITY RATING ACCEPT. ACCEPT. ACCEPT. ACCEPT.

STATION 7 STATION 8 STATION 9 STATION 11

Thornapple RiverIonia Road9/11/2008

Thornapple RiverGresham Hwy - West

9/11/2008

Thornapple RiverM-50

9/8/2008

Unnamed Trib to Thornapple52nd (end)9/2/2008

17


Coldwater River Tyler Creek Tyler Creek Quaker BrookOff Winding River Road 84th 92nd Street (M50) M-66 (Northern most x-ing)

9/9/2008 9/9/2008 9/9/2008 9/10/2008TAXA STATION 13 STATION 14 STATION 15 STATION 16

PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 1ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Hirudinea (leeches) 1 2 1 Oligochaeta (worms) 30 1 5 12ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 10 103 41 81 Decapoda (crayfish) 1 2 1 1 Isopoda (sowbugs) 5 6 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 6 2 5Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetiscidae 11 Baetidae 2 15 21 11 Caenidae 1 4 Ephemerellidae 1 4 Ephemeridae 8 Heptageniidae 7 3 1 1 Tricorythidae 2 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 1 1 1 3 Gomphidae 1 1 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 5 3 5 16 Coenagrionidae 1 2 Plecoptera (stoneflies) Perlidae 5 Pteronarcyidae 1 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 1 1 Corixidae 4 1 Gerridae 1 1 Nepidae 1 Saldidae 3 Veliidae 1 2 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 29 7 2 1 Glossosomatidae 6 Helicopsychidae 2 2 Hydropsychidae 38 110 31 26 Hydroptilidae 3 3 9 Leptoceridae 7 1 1 1 Limnephilidae 2 1 1 Phryganeidae 3 Polycentropodidae 2 1 1 Uenoidae 1 1 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Elmidae 3 11 1 3 Diptera (flies) Ceratopogonidae 1 3 Chironomidae 79 129 120 123 Culicidae 2 1 Ptychopteridae 1 Simuliidae 1 8 24 10 Tabanidae 2 2 1 Tipulidae 2 2 1MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 2 1 Physidae 1 3 7 Pleuroceridae 2 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Sphaeriidae (clams) 4 3 1 2


18



TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 33 1 29 1 31 1 28 1NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 6 1 3 0 3 0 3 0NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 8 1 7 1 8 1 5 1NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 2 1 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 11.27 0 5.10 0 8.07 0 4.86 0PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 30.55 1 29.93 1 16.84 0 9.73 0PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 28.73 0 29.93 0 42.11 -1 37.39 0PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 2.91 1 1.16 1 1.40 1 4.26 0PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 2.55 1 0.23 1 2.46 1 1.52 1

TOTAL SCORE 7 4 2 2

MACROINV. COMMUNITY RATING EXCELLENT ACCEPT. ACCEPT. ACCEPT.


Coldwater RiverOff Winding River Road

9/9/2008

Tyler Creek84th

9/9/2008

Tyler Creek92nd Street (M50)

9/9/2008

Quaker BrookM-66 (Northern most x-ing)

9/10/2008

19


Quaker Brook Quaker Brook Pratt Lake Creek Duck CreekFrancis Street Cloverdale Road North of Wingeier Avenue Jackson Road


PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 3ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Hirudinea (leeches) 1 1 11 Oligochaeta (worms) 2 2 12 9ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 62 160 54 106 Decapoda (crayfish) 6 2 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 3 4Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetidae 2 12 Caenidae 4 29 Heptageniidae 3 8 Tricorythidae 2 4 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 3 2 1 2 Libellulidae 2 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 29 27 1 1 Coenagrionidae 11 1 45 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 1 Corixidae 67 4 9 Gelastocoridae 1 Gerridae 5 1 Mesoveliidae 2 Nepidae 2 1 Notonectidae 2 1 2 Pleidae 4 1 Veliidae 1 Megaloptera Corydalidae (dobson flies) 1 Sialidae (alder flies) 5 5 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Hydropsychidae 6 4 14 Leptoceridae 15 1 1 Limnephilidae 3 1 Polycentropodidae 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Dytiscidae (total) 1 1 Gyrinidae (adults) 1 Haliplidae (adults) 9 1 39 Noteridae (adults) 1 Elmidae 9 13 10 6 Diptera (flies) Ceratopogonidae 1 1 Chironomidae 15 8 134 8 Culicidae 6 Psychodidae 2 Simuliidae 1 1 21 Stratiomyidae 1 Tabanidae 3 1 Tipulidae 1 2 1MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 2 Physidae 3 1 33 Planorbidae 1 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Pisidiidae 1 Sphaeriidae (clams) 3 1 9


20



TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 30 1 21 0 25 1 25 1NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 3 0 1 0 2 0 2 0NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 2 0 3 0 3 0 1 -1NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 2.55 -1 3.21 0 5.63 0 9.91 0PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 7.66 0 3.21 -1 5.63 0 0.30 -1PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 24.45 0 64.26 -1 47.18 -1 31.83 0PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 2.19 1 0.00 1 1.06 1 13.21 -1PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 33.94 -1 3.21 1 3.52 1 15.92 0

TOTAL SCORE -1 -1 1 -3



Quaker BrookFrancis Street

9/9/2008

Quaker BrookCloverdale Road

9/4/2008

Pratt Lake CreekNorth of Wingeier Avenue

8/18/2008

Duck CreekJackson Road

9/9/2008

21


Duncan Creek Duncan Creek Duncan Creek Glass CreekStimpson Rd Cherry Valley Road Duncan Lake Road M-37


ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Hirudinea (leeches) 1 Oligochaeta (worms) 3ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 25 1 175 Decapoda (crayfish) 1 1 1 1 Isopoda (sowbugs) 1 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 3Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetiscidae 10 Baetidae 2 3 Caenidae 5 Ephemeridae 1 Heptageniidae 4 1 5 Isonychiidae 1 Potamanthidae 1 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 1 1 1 Gomphidae 1 1 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 16 15 51 1 Coenagrionidae 11 Plecoptera (stoneflies) Perlidae 2 Pteronarcyidae 1 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 1 1 Gerridae 1 2 Notonectidae 1 1 Veliidae 4 1 Megaloptera Corydalidae (dobson flies) 1 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 1 Hydropsychidae 80 99 118 19 Leptoceridae 1 14 Philopotamidae 1 Uenoidae 1 1 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Haliplidae (adults) 4 Hydrophilidae (total) 1 Psephenidae (adults) 1 2 1 Dryopidae 8 1 Elmidae 11 8 5 9 Diptera (flies) Ceratopogonidae 1 1 Chironomidae 54 32 104 24 Dixidae 1 1 Simuliidae 140 59 18 8 Tabanidae 4 Tipulidae 1 8 2 2MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 1 1 Physidae 1 3 1 Pleuroceridae 1 Viviparidae 1 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Sphaeriidae (clams) 1 2 1 Unionidae (mussels) 1TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 356 246 349 271

22



TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 18 0 21 0 21 0 32 1NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 2 0 2 0 1 0 5 1NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 3 0 2 0 2 0 4 0NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 2 1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 3.93 0 1.22 -1 1.43 -1 4.06 0PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 23.03 0 40.65 1 37.82 1 8.12 0PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 39.33 -1 40.24 -1 33.81 0 64.58 -1PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 0.00 1 1.22 1 1.15 1 1.48 1PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 1.40 1 1.22 1 2.29 1 1.85 1

TOTAL SCORE 0 0 1 4



Duncan CreekStimpson Rd

9/2/2008

Duncan CreekCherry Valley Road

9/2/2008

Duncan CreekDuncan Lake Road

8/18/2008

Glass CreekM-37

9/3/2008

23


Little Thornapple River Little Thornapple River Fall Creek Cedar CreekWellman Road M-43 Downstream Shriner McKeown Rd


PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 20ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Hirudinea (leeches) 7 Oligochaeta (worms) 1 2 2ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 124 193 95 159 Decapoda (crayfish) 1 3 23 10 Isopoda (sowbugs) 73 11 12 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 1Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetidae 1 1 Ephemeridae 1 Heptageniidae 1 4 6 8 Tricorythidae 15 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 5 Gomphidae 2 3 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 5 13 21 5 Coenagrionidae 5 Plecoptera (stoneflies) Perlidae 2 3 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 1 3 Corixidae 69 2 Gerridae 1 1 Mesoveliidae 1 Nepidae 7 1 Notonectidae 14 Pleidae 1 5 Veliidae 1 Megaloptera Corydalidae (dobson flies) 1 Sialidae (alder flies) 13 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 2 Helicopsychidae 13 Hydropsychidae 22 48 1 Hydroptilidae 1 Lepidostomatidae 1 Leptoceridae 40 1 1 Polycentropodidae 3 Uenoidae 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Dytiscidae (total) 1 1 Gyrinidae (adults) 1 Haliplidae (adults) 2 Hydrophilidae (total) 1 Psephenidae (adults) 2 Dryopidae 1 1 Elmidae 5 2 2 16 Diptera (flies) Ceratopogonidae 1 Chironomidae 8 9 9 6 Simuliidae 32 6 3 Stratiomyidae 1 Tabanidae 1 1 Tipulidae 3 1MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 2 3 1 Hydrobiidae 1 Lymnaeidae 2 Physidae 5 1 1 3 Planorbidae 1 Vivaparidae 1 1 1 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Sphaeriidae (clams) 16 2 1 3


24



TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 27 1 25 1 23 0 29 1NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 2 0 2 0 1 0 3 0NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 4 0 0 -1 2 0 6 1NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 0 -1 0 -1 1 1 1 1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 4.01 0 1.37 -1 2.44 -1 4.12 0PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 19.05 0 0.00 -1 19.92 0 3.70 -1PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 31.08 0 52.73 -1 38.62 -1 65.43 -1PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 22.31 -1 4.37 0 6.10 0 2.47 1PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 0.75 1 28.42 -1 2.03 1 1.65 1

TOTAL SCORE 0 -5 0 3

MACROINV. COMMUNITY RATING ACCEPT. POOR ACCEPT. ACCEPT.


Little Thornapple RoadWellman Road

9/10/2008

Little Thornapple RiverM-43

9/10/2008

Fall CreekDownstream Shriner

9/3/2008

Cedar CreekMcKeown Rd

8/19/2008

25


Kellie Creek Highbank Creek Mud Creek Mud CreekLawrence Bivens Road Barnum Road Davenport Road9/4/2008 8/19/2008 9/10/2008 8/19/2008


PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 4ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Hirudinea (leeches) 3 1 Oligochaeta (worms) 3 1 2 1ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 170 145 34 Decapoda (crayfish) 2 6 2 Isopoda (sowbugs) 301 23 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 1 1Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetidae 9 7 1 9 Heptageniidae 13 6 Isonychiidae 1 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 2 1 7 Cordulegastridae 5 Gomphidae 1 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 10 14 2 Plecoptera (stoneflies) Perlidae 1 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 1 Corixidae 1 1 8 Gerridae 1 1 Nepidae 1 1 Notonectidae 1 1 Pleidae 1 Veliidae 1 Megaloptera Corydalidae (dobson flies) 1 Sialidae (alder flies) 1 2 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 1 Helicopsychidae 2 1 Hydropsychidae 10 22 1 13 Leptoceridae 3 Limnephilidae 2 1 1 1 Phryganeidae 3 Polycentropodidae 1 Uenoidae 2 1 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Dytiscidae (total) 1 1 Gyrinidae (adults) 1 Haliplidae (adults) 1 4 Psephenidae (adults) 1 Dryopidae 2 5 Elmidae 7 15 1 6 Diptera (flies) Chironomidae 65 52 1 2 Empididae 1 Simuliidae 13 2 6 Stratiomyidae 1 Tabanidae 1 1 1 Tipulidae 1 2 1MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 1 2 Hydrobiidae 1 Lymnaeidae 1 Physidae 3 1 1 4 Planorbidae 1 Pleuroceridae 1 Valvatidae 1 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Spheridae 1 1 2TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 300 308 364 122

26



TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 20 1 29 1 23 1 34 1NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 4 1 4 1 3 1 6 1NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 0 -1 1 1 0 -1 0 -1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 3.00 0 6.82 0 0.27 -1 12.30 0PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 5.67 0 8.12 0 1.10 -1 16.39 0PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 56.67 -1 47.08 -1 82.69 -1 18.85 1PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 1.00 1 0.97 1 84.62 -1 25.41 -1PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 0.33 1 0.97 1 1.65 1 15.57 0

TOTAL SCORE 3 5 -1 2

MACROINV. COMMUNITY RATING ACCEPT. EXCELLENT ACCEPT. ACCEPT.


Kellie CreekLawrence9/4/2008

Highbank CreekBivens Road

8/19/2008

Mud CreekBarnum Road

9/10/2008

Mud CreekDavenport Road

8/19/2008

27


Lacey Creek Lacey Creek Little Thornapple River Church DrainKinsel Highway Lamie Highway Vermontville Hwy Stewart Road


ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Oligochaeta (worms) 2 8ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 145 194 19 467 Decapoda (crayfish) 6 7 6 Isopoda (sowbugs) 1 12 11 1 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 2Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetidae 3 Heptageniidae 2 3 12 Odonata Anisoptera (dragonflies) Aeshnidae 2 7 2 Gomphidae 1 6 Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 50 11 15 1 Hemiptera (true bugs) Belostomatidae 2 1 Corixidae 6 27 10 7 Gerridae 2 1 1 Nepidae 4 Notonectidae 17 15 Saldidae 1 Veliidae 1 1 Megaloptera Sialidae (alder flies) 1 2 1 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Brachycentridae 1 Hydropsychidae 1 13 Limnephilidae 1 1 Polycentropodidae 2 Coleoptera (beetles) Haliplidae (adults) 5 Dryopidae 2 2 4 1 Elmidae 10 2 12 Diptera (flies) Ceratopogonidae 1 Chironomidae 8 1 34 3 Tabanidae 2 2 Tipulidae 2MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Ancylidae (limpets) 1 Physidae 4 1 2 Viviparidae 2 4 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Pisidiidae 1 Sphaeriidae (clams) 11 15 1


28



TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 26 1 22 0 18 0 11 -1NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 1 -1 2 0 1 -1 0 -1NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 2 0 3 0 1 -1 0 -1NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 0.70 -1 1.92 -1 7.45 0 0.00 -1PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 0.70 -1 4.79 0 1.24 -1 0.00 -1PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 51.06 -1 61.98 -1 21.12 0 95.31 -1PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 1.76 1 5.11 0 10.56 -1 0.20 1PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 11.62 0 9.27 0 15.53 0 2.86 1

TOTAL SCORE -3 -3 -5 -5

MACROINV. COMMUNITY RATING ACCEPT. ACCEPT. POOR POOR

Little Thornapple RiverVermontville Hwy

9/8/2008

Church DrainStewart Road

9/5/2008

Lacey CreekKinsel Highway

9/5/2008

Lacey CreekLamie Highway

9/11/2008STATION 33 STATION 34 STATION 35 STATION 36

29


Unnamed Trib to Butternut Unnamed Trib to ButternutStewart Road Kinsel Highway

8/19/2008 9/5/2008TAXA STATION 37 STATION 38

PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms) Turbellaria 3ANNELIDA (segmented worms) Hirudinea (leeches) 5 1 Oligochaeta (worms) 23ARTHROPODA Crustacea Amphipoda (scuds) 1 47 Decapoda (crayfish) 1 1 Isopoda (sowbugs) 29 1 Arachnoidea Hydracarina 2Insecta Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Baetidae 4 Caenidae 1 Heptageniidae 1 Odonata Zygoptera (damselflies) Calopterygidae 13 8 Coenagrionidae 5 Hemiptera (true bugs) Corixidae 4 Gerridae 2 Nepidae 1 Notonectidae 3 Pleidae 1 Megaloptera Corydalidae (dobson flies) 1 Sialidae (alder flies) 2 1 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Hydropsychidae 2 11 Leptoceridae 3 Limnephilidae 1 1 Polycentropodidae 1 Coleoptera (beetles) Dytiscidae (total) 1 1 Haliplidae (adults) 6 Hydrophilidae (total) 3 Dryopidae 1 Elmidae 21 2 Diptera (flies) Ceratopogonidae 1 Chironomidae 32 10 Empididae 1 Simuliidae 7 Stratiomyidae 1 Tabanidae 5 2 Tipulidae 1MOLLUSCA Gastropoda (snails) Hydrobiidae 23 Planorbidae 1 Viviparidae 3 Pelecypoda (bivalves) Sphaeriidae (clams) 38 268

TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 230 378

30


METRIC Value Score Value Score

TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA 30 1 22 0NUMBER OF MAYFLY TAXA 3 0 0 -1NUMBER OF CADDISFLY TAXA 3 0 3 0NUMBER OF STONEFLY TAXA 0 -1 0 -1PERCENT MAYFLY COMP. 2.61 -1 0.00 -1PERCENT CADDISFLY COMP. 1.74 -1 3.97 -1PERCENT DOMINANT TAXON 16.52 1 70.90 -1PERCENT ISOPOD, SNAIL, LEECH 26.52 -1 0.53 1PERCENT SURF. AIR BREATHERS 4.78 1 3.17 1

TOTAL SCORE -1 -3

MACROINV. COMMUNITY RATING ACCEPT. ACCEPT.

STATION 37 STATION 38

Unnamed Trib to ButternutStewart Road

8/19/2008

Unnamed Trib to ButternutKinsel Highway

9/5/2008

31

Table 4. Habitat results for Thornapple River stations, August-September, 2008.

STATION 3 STATION 4 STATION 5 STATION 6 STATION 7Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple River

Off M-37 Broadway Street (M-43) Center Road End of Sherman Street Ionia RoadGLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL

HABITAT METRICSubstrate and Instream Cover

Epifaunal Substrate/ Avail Cover (20) 17 16 17 5 10Embeddedness (20)*Velocity/Depth Regime (20)*Pool Substrate Characterization (20)** 15 13 15 8 13Pool Variability (20)** 10 16 16 10 5

Channel MorphologySediment Deposition (20) 15 13 11 11 10Flow Status - Maint. Flow Volume (10) 8 9 8 10 10Flow Status - Flashiness (10) 9 9 9 6 4Channel Alteration (20) 18 13 18 15 11Frequency of Riffles/Bends (20)*Channel Sinuosity (20)** 16 13 18 10 5

Riparian and Bank StructureBank Stability (L) (10) 8 5 9 8 3Bank Stability (R) (10) 8 5 9 8 3Vegetative Protection (L) (10) 2 2 9 4 8Vegetative Protection (R) (10) 10 3 9 8 8Riparian Veg. Zone Width (L) (10) 1 1 5 2 7Riparian Veg. Zone Width (R) (10) 10 2 5 5 7

TOTAL SCORE (200): 147 120 158 110 104

HABITAT RATING: GOOD GOOD EXCELLENT GOOD MARGINAL(SLIGHTLY (SLIGHTLY (NON- (SLIGHTLY (MODERATELYIMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED)

Note: Individual metrics may better describe conditions directly affecting the biological community while the Habitat Ratin describes the general riverine environment at the site(s)

Date: 9/3/2008 9/3/2008 9/4/2008 8/19/2008 9/11/2008Weather: Sunny Partly Cloudy Cloudy Sunny SunnyAir Temperature: 70 Deg. F. 85 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F. 72 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F.Water Temperature: 74 Deg. F. 74 Deg. F. 69 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F. 63 Deg. F.Ave. Stream Width: 100 Feet 80 Feet 80 Feet 58 Feet 55 FeetAve. Stream Depth: 1.25 Feet 1.5 Feet 1.5 Feet 1 Feet 3 FeetSurface Velocity: 1 Ft./Sec. 1 Ft./Sec. 1 Ft./Sec. 0.6 Ft./Sec. 0.3 Ft./Sec.Estimated Flow: 125 CFS 120 CFS 120 CFS 34.8 CFS 49.5 CFS

Stream Modifications: Canopy Removal None NoneDredged, Canopy

Removal DredgedNuisance Plants (Y/N): N N N N NReport Number:

STORET No.: 80261 80262 80263 80264 230244Stream Name: Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple River Thornapple RiverRoad Crossing/Location: Off M-37 Broadway Street (M-43) Center Road End of Sherman Street Ionia RoadCounty Code: 08 08 08 08 23TRS: 03N09W10 03N08W18 03N08W21 03N07W35 03N06W33

Latitude (dd): 42.6561 42.653 42.639 42.603 42.611Longitude (dd): -85.34718 -85.291 -85.262 -85.097 -85.025Ecoregion: SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITPStream Type: Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater

USGS Basin Code: 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007

* Applies only to Riffle/Run stream Survey** Applies only to Glide/Pool stream Surveys

COMMENTS:

32


STATION 8 STATION 9 STATION 11 STATION 13 STATION 14Thornapple River Thornapple River Unnamed Trib to Thornapple Coldwater River Tyler Creek

Gresham Hwy - West M-50 52nd (end) Off Winding River Road 84thGLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL RIFFLE/RUN GLIDE/POOL RIFFLE/RUN


Epifaunal Substrate/ Avail Cover (20) 8 11 5 10 16Embeddedness (20)* 8 15Velocity/Depth Regime (20)* 13 16Pool Substrate Characterization (20)** 8 10 10Pool Variability (20)** 3 13 18

Channel MorphologySediment Deposition (20) 3 8 3 10 18Flow Status - Maint. Flow Volume (10) 9 8 8 10 10Flow Status - Flashiness (10) 4 8 2 8 9Channel Alteration (20) 18 16 18 20 5Frequency of Riffles/Bends (20)* 8 15Channel Sinuosity (20)** 16 13 20


TOTAL SCORE (200): 119 131 101 160 135

HABITAT RATING: GOOD GOOD MARGINAL EXCELLENT GOOD(SLIGHTLY (SLIGHTLY (MODERATELY (NON- (SLIGHTLYIMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED)


Date: 9/11/2008 9/8/2008 9/2/2008 9/9/2008 9/9/2008Weather: Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny SunnyAir Temperature: 65 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F. 80 Deg. F. 66 Deg. F. 65 Deg. F.Water Temperature: 63 Deg. F. 62 Deg. F. 60 Deg. F. 58 Deg. F. 58 Deg. F.Ave. Stream Width: 42 Feet 50 Feet 6 Feet 50 Feet 18 FeetAve. Stream Depth: 1.5 Feet 1 Feet 0.3 Feet 1.5 Feet 0.75 FeetSurface Velocity: 0.4 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 1 Ft./Sec. 1 Ft./Sec.Estimated Flow: 25.2 CFS 25 CFS 0.9 CFS 75 CFS 13.5 CFS

Stream Modifications: None None None NoneBank

StabilizationNuisance Plants (Y/N): N N N N NReport Number:

STORET No.: 230182 230245 410738 410739 410706

Stream Name: Thornapple River Thornapple RiverUnnamed Trib to

Thornapple Coldwater River Tyler Creek

Road Crossing/Location:Gresham Hwy -

West M-50 52nd (end)Off Winding River

Road 84thCounty Code: 23 23 41 41 41TRS: 03N05W18 03N05W05 06N10W33 05N10W36 05N09W13

Latitude (dd): 42.64082 42.67 42.86943 42.77755 42.81386123Longitude (dd): -84.95602 84.926 -85.50846 -85.43624 -85.32753525Ecoregion: SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITPStream Type: Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater Coldwater Coldwater

USGS Basin Code: 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007


COMMENTS:

33


STATION 15 STATION 16 STATION 17 STATION 18 STATION 19Tyler Creek Quaker Brook Quaker Brook Quaker Brook Pratt Lake Creek

92nd Street (M50) M-66 (Northern most x-ing) Francis Street Cloverdale Road North of Wingeier AvenueRIFFLE/RUN GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL


Epifaunal Substrate/ Avail Cover (20) 18 5 6 3 6Embeddedness (20)* 16Velocity/Depth Regime (20)* 13Pool Substrate Characterization (20)** 10 6 8 7Pool Variability (20)** 5 13 1 10

Channel MorphologySediment Deposition (20) 15 2 5 3 5Flow Status - Maint. Flow Volume (10) 10 10 9 9 9Flow Status - Flashiness (10) 9 2 5 8 7Channel Alteration (20) 10 3 11 6 18Frequency of Riffles/Bends (20)* 13Channel Sinuosity (20)** 4 8 1 11


TOTAL SCORE (200): 146 49 89 85 127

HABITAT RATING: GOOD POOR MARGINAL MARGINAL GOOD(SLIGHTLY (SEVERELY (MODERATELY (MODERATELY (SLIGHTLYIMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED)

Note: Individual metrics may better describe conditions directly affecting the biological community while the Habitat Rating describes the general riverine environment at the site(s).

Date: 9/9/2008 9/10/2008 9/9/2008 9/4/2008 8/18/2008Weather: Sunny Sunny Sunny Cloudy SunnyAir Temperature: 70 Deg. F. 60 Deg. F. 75 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F. 82 Deg. F.Water Temperature: 58 Deg. F. 59 Deg. F. 59 Deg. F. 62 Deg. F. 59 Deg. F.Ave. Stream Width: 20 Feet 12 Feet 20 Feet 7 Feet 9 FeetAve. Stream Depth: 1 Feet 0.5 Feet 2 Feet 0.5 Feet 0.5 FeetSurface Velocity: 1 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 0.2 Ft./Sec. 0.25 Ft./Sec. 1 Ft./Sec.Estimated Flow: 20 CFS 3 CFS 8 CFS 0.875 CFS 4.5 CFS

Stream Modifications: Dredged Canopy RemovalCanopy

Removal Dredged NoneNuisance Plants (Y/N): N N N N NReport Number:

STORET No.: 410707 80265 80276 80277 410695

Stream Name: Tyler Creek Quaker Brook Quaker Brook Quaker Brook Pratt Lake Creek

Road Crossing/Location: 92nd Street (M50)M-66 (Northern most x-

ing) Francis Street Cloverdale RoadNorth of Wingeier

AveneuCounty Code: 41 08 08 08 41TRS: 05N09W23 02N07W11 03N07W36 02N07W23 05N09W11

Latitude (dd): 42.800105 42.57789 42.599 42.538 42.841Longitude (dd): -85.334948 -85.09436 -85.086 -85.099 -85.35Ecoregion: SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITPStream Type: Coldwater Coldwater Coldwater Coldwater Warmwater

USGS Basin Code: 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007

* Applies only to Riffle/Run stream Surveys** Applies only to Glide/Pool stream Surveys

COMMENTS:

34


STATION 20 STATION 21 STATION 22 STATION 23 STATION 24Duck Creek Duncan Creek Duncan Creek Duncan Creek Glass Creek

Jackson Road Stimpson Rd Cherry Valley Road Duncan Lake Road M-37RIFFLE/RUN RIFFLE/RUN RIFFLE/RUN RIFFLE/RUN RIFFLE/RUN


Epifaunal Substrate/ Avail Cover (20) 5 15 13 11 19Embeddedness (20)* 10 15 13 8 13Velocity/Depth Regime (20)* 8 16 15 16 13Pool Substrate Characterization (20)**Pool Variability (20)**

Channel MorphologySediment Deposition (20) 5 8 10 15 15Flow Status - Maint. Flow Volume (10) 10 8 8 10 8Flow Status - Flashiness (10) 9 4 6 9 8Channel Alteration (20) 2 18 16 10 20Frequency of Riffles/Bends (20)* 5 16 16 13 18Channel Sinuosity (20)**


TOTAL SCORE (200): 98 135 132 129 166

HABITAT RATING: MARGINAL GOOD GOOD GOOD EXCELLENT(MODERATELY (SLIGHTLY (SLIGHTLY (SLIGHTLY (NON-

IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED)

Note: Individual metrics may better describe conditions directly affecting the biological community while the Habitat Rating describes the general riverine environment at the site(s).

Date: 9/9/2008 9/2/2008 9/2/2008 8/18/2008 9/3/2008Weather: Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny CloudyAir Temperature: 65 Deg. F. 90 Deg. F. 85 Deg. F. 68 Deg. F. 75 Deg. F.Water Temperature: 58 Deg. F. 66 Deg. F. 74 Deg. F. 74 Deg. F. 64 Deg. F.Ave. Stream Width: 7 Feet 10 Feet 10 Feet 9 Feet 18 FeetAve. Stream Depth: 0.5 Feet 0.75 Feet 0.75 Feet 1 Feet 0.5 FeetSurface Velocity: 0.25 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 0.75 Ft./Sec. 1.2 Ft./Sec.Estimated Flow: 0.875 CFS 3.75 CFS 3.75 CFS 6.75 CFS 10.8 CFS

Stream Modifications:

Dredged, Canopy

Removal None None Canopy Removal NoneNuisance Plants (Y/N): N N N N NReport Number:

STORET No.: 340230 80245 80266 80267 80278

Stream Name: Duck Creek Duncan Creek Duncan Creek Duncan Creek Glass Creek

Road Crossing/Location: Jackson Road Stimpson Rd Cherry Valley Road Duncan Lake Road M-37County Code: 34 08 08 08 08TRS: 05N07W18 04N10W15 04N10W09 04N10W08 03N10W01

Latitude (dd): 42.8201 42.73111 42.742 42.75 42.675Longitude (dd): -85.1932 -85.48175 -85.506 -85.521 -85.439Ecoregion: SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITPStream Type: Coldwater Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater Coldwater

USGS Basin Code: 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007


COMMENTS:

35


STATION 25 STATION 26 STATION 27 STATION 28 STATION 29Little Thornapple Road Little Thornapple River Fall Creek Cedar Creek Kellie Creek

Wellman Road M-43 Downstream Shriner McKeown Rd LawrenceRIFFLE/RUN GLIDE/POOL RIFFLE/RUN GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL





TOTAL SCORE (200): 115 113 89 112 98

HABITAT RATING: GOOD GOOD MARGINAL GOOD MARGINAL(SLIGHTLY (SLIGHTLY (MODERATELY (SLIGHTLY (MODERATELYIMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED)

Note: Individual metrics may bettNote: Individual metrics may better describe conditions directly affecting the biological community while the Habitat Ra describes the general riverine env describes the general riverine environment at the site(s)

Date: 9/10/2008 9/10/2008 9/3/2008 8/19/2008 9/4/2008Weather: Sunny Sunny Cloudy Cloudy CloudyAir Temperature: 70 Deg. F. 60 Deg. F. 68 Deg. F. 62 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F.Water Temperature: 63 Deg. F. 58 Deg. F. 66 Deg. F. 66 Deg. F. 60 Deg. F.Ave. Stream Width: 22 Feet 25 Feet 10 Feet 20 Feet 3 FeetAve. Stream Depth: 0.4 Feet 0.75 Feet 0.5 Feet 1 Feet 1 FeetSurface Velocity: 0.5 Ft./Sec. 0.33 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 1 Ft./Sec. 0.6 Ft./Sec.Estimated Flow: 4.4 CFS 6.1875 CFS 2.5 CFS 20 CFS 1.8 CFS

Stream Modifications: Canopy Removal DredgedCanopy Remocal,Bank Stablization Dredged

Canopy Removal

Nuisance Plants (Y/N): N N N N NReport Number:

STORET No.: 80268 80269 80270 80235 80272

Stream Name: Little Thornapple Road Little Thornapple River Fall Creek Cedar Creek Kellie Creek

Road Crossing/Location: Wellman Road M-43 Downstream Shriner McKeown Rd LawrenceCounty Code: 08 08 08 08 08TRS: 04N07W08 04N08W13 03N08W20 03N08W34 02N08W15

Latitude (dd): 42.751 42.727 42.674 42.60759 42.566Longitude (dd): -85.154 -85.206 -85.206 -85.23575 -85.246Ecoregion: SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITPStream Type: Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater Coldwater Coldwater

USGS Basin Code: 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007


COMMENTS:

36


STATION 30 STATION 31 STATION 32 STATION 33 STATION 34Highbank Creek Mud Creek Mud Creek Lacey Creek Lacey Creek

Bivens Road Barnum Road Davenport Road Kinsel Highway Lamie HighwayRIFFLE/RUN GLIDE/POOL RIFFLE/RUN GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL





TOTAL SCORE (200): 100 89 90 93 102

HABITAT RATING: MARGINAL MARGINAL MARGINAL MARGINAL MARGINAL(MODERATELY (MODERATELY (MODERATELY (MODERATELY (MODERATELY

IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED)

Note: Individual metrics may better describe conditions directly affecting the biological community while the Habitat Ratingdescribes the general riverine environment at the site(s)

Date: 8/19/2008 9/10/2008 8/19/2008 9/5/2008 9/11/2008Weather: Cloudy Sunny Sunny Sunny SunnyAir Temperature: 69 Deg. F. 75 Deg. F. 85 Deg. F. 65 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F.Water Temperature: 66 Deg. F. 63 Deg. F. 65 Deg. F. 63 Deg. F. 56 Deg. F.Ave. Stream Width: 13 Feet 12 Feet 15 Feet 35 Feet 12 FeetAve. Stream Depth: 1 Feet 0.5 Feet 1.25 Feet 1.5 Feet 91 FeetSurface Velocity: 0.5 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 1 Ft./Sec. 0.4 Ft./Sec. 0.25 Ft./Sec.Estimated Flow: 6.5 CFS 3 CFS 18.75 CFS 21 CFS 273 CFS

Stream Modifications:Canopy

Removal

Dredged, Canopy

Removal Canopy Removal Dredged DredgedNuisance Plants (Y/N): N N N N NReport Number:

STORET No.: 80273 80274 80275 230240 230239

Stream Name: Highbank Creek Mud Creek Mud Creek Lacey Creek Lacey Creek

Road Crossing/Location: Bivens Road Barnum Road Davenport Road Kinsel Highway Lamie HighwayCounty Code: 08 08 08 23 23TRS: 02N07W06 04N07W23 04N07W35 03N06W36 03N06W25

Latitude (dd): 42.586 42.713 42.6908 42.59715 42.612Longitude (dd): -85.182 -85.103 -85.109 -84.96401 -84.963Ecoregion: SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITPStream Type: Coldwater Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater

USGS Basin Code: 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007


COMMENTS:

37


STATION 35 STATION 36 STATION 37 STATION 38Little Thornapple River Church Drain Unnamed Trib to Butternut Unnamed Trib to Butternut

Vermontville Hwy Stewart Road Stewart Road Kinsel HighwayGLIDE/POOL RIFFLE/RUN GLIDE/POOL GLIDE/POOL


Epifaunal Substrate/ Avail Cover (20) 8 10 3 6Embeddedness (20)* 15Velocity/Depth Regime (20)* 10Pool Substrate Characterization (20)** 8 8 6Pool Variability (20)** 13 11 1

Channel MorphologySediment Deposition (20) 4 5 10 6Flow Status - Maint. Flow Volume (10) 8 10 9 8Flow Status - Flashiness (10) 6 8 5 6Channel Alteration (20) 14 10 15 8Frequency of Riffles/Bends (20)* 5Channel Sinuosity (20)** 11 10 3

Riparian and Bank StructureBank Stability (L) (10) 8 10 5 9Bank Stability (R) (10) 8 10 5 9Vegetative Protection (L) (10) 5 9 6 8Vegetative Protection (R) (10) 7 9 6 8Riparian Veg. Zone Width (L) (10) 4 5 10 2Riparian Veg. Zone Width (R) (10) 9 8 10 4

TOTAL SCORE (200): 113 124 113 84

HABITAT RATING: GOOD GOOD GOOD MARGINAL(SLIGHTLY (SLIGHTLY (SLIGHTLY (MODERATELYIMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED) IMPAIRED)


Date: 9/8/2008 9/5/2008 8/19/2008 9/5/2008Weather: Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Partly CloudyAir Temperature: 68 Deg. F. 70 Deg. F. 77 Deg. F. 60 Deg. F.Water Temperature: 60 Deg. F. 61 Deg. F. 69 Deg. F. 68 Deg. F.Ave. Stream Width: 22 Feet 10 Feet 15 Feet 18 FeetAve. Stream Depth: 1 Feet 0.3 Feet 1 Feet 0.5 FeetSurface Velocity: 0.3 Ft./Sec. 0.5 Ft./Sec. 0.6 Ft./Sec. 0.6 Ft./Sec.Estimated Flow: 6.6 CFS 1.5 CFS 9 CFS 5.4 CFSStream Modifications: Canopy Removal None Canopy Removal DredgedNuisance Plants (Y/N): N N N NReport Number:

STORET No.: 230179 230241 230242 230243

Stream Name: Little Thornapple River Church DrainUnnamed Trib to

ButternutUnnamed Trib to

Butternut

Road Crossing/Location: Vermontville Hwy Stewart Road Stewart Road Kinsel HighwayCounty Code: 23 23 23 23TRS: 03N05W27 03N04W27 03N04W27 03N03W31

Latitude (dd): 42.62568 42.6172 42.62 42.597Longitude (dd): -84.96329 -84.7684 -84.768 -84.715Ecoregion: SMNITP SMNITP SMNITP SMNITPStream Type: Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater Warmwater

USGS Basin Code: 4050007 4050007 4050007 4050007


COMMENTS:

38

Table 5. Water chemistry results for stations sampled during the 2008 survey of the Thornapple Watershed. Units Walden

Creek at Cascade

Unnamed Tributary to the Thornapple at

52nd

Unnamed Tributary to

Thornapple at 36th

Quaker Brook at Cloverdale

Glass Creek at M-37

Fall Creek at Shriner St. in

Hastings

Church Drain at Stewart

Field Blank

Station 10 Station 11 Station 12 Station 18 Station 24 Station 27 Station 36

µg/L NDµg/L NDµg/L 82mg/L 83.7 76.8µg/L NDmg/L 15 23 34 9.9 18 9.1 NDµg/L NDµg/L NDmg/L 334 301µg/L .3mg N/L .27 .48 .88 .21 .48 .18 NDmg/L 30.3 26.6mg N/L .34 .005 .37 .50 .41 .35 0.008mg N/L .034 .018 .042 .010 .039 .023 NDµg/L 4.0µg/L NDµg/L NDmg/L 5.5 8.0 5.7 3.1 6.3 1.7 NDmg P/L .033 .021 .148 .017 .074 .013 0.001µg/L NDZinc - Total

Total PhosphorusTOCSelenium - TotalLead - TotalNickel - TotalAmmoniaNitrate + NitriteMagnesium - TotalTotal Kjeldahl NitrogenMercury - TotalHardness - CalculatedCopper - TotalChromium - TotalCODCadmium - TotalCalcium - TotalBarium - TotalArsenic - TotalSilver -Total

Parameter

ND- Not detectable

39

2008 Thornapple River Watershed Biosurvey …...A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE THORNAPPLE RIVER...

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