2004-2005 Chemotherapeutics Review 14 July 2015 5:22 AM.
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2004-2005Chemotherapeutics
Review
April 19, 202312:53 AM
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Abacavir
Antiretroviral
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
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Acyclovir
Antiherpes
Purine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of
viral DNA polymerase
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Albendazole
Antihelminthic
Treatment of intestinal roundworms
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Alemtuzumab
Antineoplastic
Anti-CD52 antibody
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Amantadine
AntiviralAntiparkinson
Treatment of Influenza A Inhibits replication
at the stage of uncoating
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Amikacin
Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomeFreezes initiation
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Aminoglutethimide
AntineoplasticImmunosuppressive
Glucocorticoid antagonistAromatase inhibitor
(decreases steroid synthesis)
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Aminoglycosides
AntibioticsBactericidal protein synthesis
inhibitors
30S ribosomeFreeze initiation
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Ampicillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Amino penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Amphotericin B
AntifungalPolyene antibiotic
Binds to ergosterol and alters permeability
Systemic
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Amsacrine
Antineoplastic
Miscellaneous
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Anastrozole
AntineoplasticAntiestrogen
Aromatase inhibitor
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Anti-thymocyte globulin
Immunosuppressive
Anti-T cell antibody
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Arsenicals
Tropical antiparasitic
Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS
Melarsoprol
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L-asparaginase
Antineoplastic
Protein synthesis inhibitor
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Atovaquone
Antimalarial
Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits
electron transport
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Azathioprine
ImmunosuppressiveAntineoplastic
Antimetabolite(“pseudofeedback inhibition” of
HGPRT and PRP)
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Azithromycin
Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
50S ribosome Inhibits translocation
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Aztreonam
New lactam antibiotic
Monobactam
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Bacitracin
AntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Topical, not a lactam, Inhibits dephosphorylation of
bactoprenol
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Basiliximab
Immunosuppressive
Anti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor)
Organ transplant (antirejection)
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Benzathine penicillin G
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking Repository preparation
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Bleomycin
Antineoplastic
Natural productAntibiotic
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Busulfan
Antineoplastic
Alkylating Agent
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Carbenicillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Carmustine (BCNU)
Antineoplastic
Alkylating Agent
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Cefaclor
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
2nd generationOral
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Cefadroxil
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
1st generationOral
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Cefepime
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
4th generationCSF penetration
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Cefotaxime
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
3rd generationCSF penetration
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Cefoxitin
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
2nd generation
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Ceftazidime
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
3rd generation
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Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
3rd generationCSF penetration
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Cefuroxime
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
2nd generationCSF penetration
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Cephalexin
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
1st generationOral
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Cephalosporins
Antibiotics lactam
Cell wall synthesis inhibitorsInhibit cross-linking of
peptidoglycan
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Cephalothin
Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
1st generationOral
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Chloramphenicol
AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
50S ribosomeInhibits peptide bond formation
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Chloroquine
Antimalarial
Intercalates in DNABinds to ferriprotoporphyrin
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Cidofovir
Antiherpes
Pyrimidine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of
viral DNA polymerase
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Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication inhibitor
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
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Cisplatin
Antineoplastic
MiscellaneousCross-linking agent
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Clarithromycin
Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor Antiulcer
50S ribosomeInhibits translocation
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Clavulanic acid
-lactamase inhibitor
Combined with antibacterials
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Clindamycin
AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
50S ribosomeAnaerobic infections
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Clotrimazole
Imidazole antifungal
Inhibits synthesis of ergosterolLanosterol 14 demethylase
inhibitor
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Cloxacillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Penicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Cyclophosphamide
Antineoplastic
Alkylating Agent
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Cycloserine
AntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Secondary TB drugInhibits formation of Park
nucleotide
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Cyclosporine
ImmunosuppressiveAntineoplastic
Binds cyclophilinInhibits calcineurin
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Cyproterone acetate
AntiandrogenAntineoplastic
androgen receptor antagonist
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Cytarabine (AraC)
Antineoplastic
Antimetabolite
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Dacarbazine
Antineoplastic
Alkylating Agent
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Daclizumab
Immunosuppressive
Anti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) antibody
Organ transplant (anti-rejection)
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Dactinomycin
Antineoplastic
Natural productAntibiotic
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Dapsone
Sulfone antibioticNucleic acid and
protein synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
Leprosy
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Daunorubicin
Antineoplastic
Anthracycline antibiotic Natural product
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Delavirdine
Antiretroviral
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
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Dexamethasone
AdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAntineoplastic
Anti-inflammatory steroidNot by inhalation
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Didanosine
Antiretroviral
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Dideoxyinosine (ddI)
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Diethylcarbamazine
Antihelminthic
Treatment of intestinaland tissue roundworms
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Doxorubicin
Antineoplastic
Anthracycline antibioticNatural product
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Doxycycline
Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment
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Efavirenz
Antiretroviral
Non-nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
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Enfuvirtide (T-20)
Antiretroviral
Fusion inhibitor
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Erythromycin
Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
50S ribosomeInhibits translocation
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Ethambutol
Antibiotic
Major drug for tuberculosis
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Ethionamide
Antibiotic
Secondary drug for tuberculosis
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Etoposide
Antineoplastic
Natural productPlant alkaloid
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Exemestane
AntineoplasticAntiestrogen
Aromatase Inhibitor
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Famciclovir
Antiherpes
Purine analogPhosphorylated to an inhibitor
ofviral DNA polymerase
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Fluconazole
Triazole antifungal
Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14
demethylase
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Flucytosine
Antifungal
Converted by fungi to 5-fluorouracil faulty RNA and
DNA synthesis
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Fluorinated Quinolonesciprofloxacin, norfloxacin
AntibioticsDNA replication inhibitors
Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
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5-Fluorouracil
Antineoplastic
AntimetaboliteThymidylate synthase inhibitor
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Foscarnet
Antiherpes
Pyrophosphate analogDirectly inhibits viral DNA
polymerase
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Fulvestrant
AntineoplasticAntiestrogen
Estrogen receptor antagonist
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Ganciclovir
Antiherpes
Purine analogPhosphorylated to an inhibitor
of viral DNA polymerase
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Gemtuzumab
Antineoplastic
Anti-CD33 antibody
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Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside antibioticbactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor
30S ribosomeFreezes initiation
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Goserelin
AntineoplasticGonadotropin releasing
hormone(GnRH) agonist
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Griseofulvin
Antifungal
Binds to microtubules
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Hydroxyurea
Antineoplastic
MiscellaneousRibonucleotide reductase
inhibitor
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Ibritumomab
Antineoplastic
Anti-CD20 antibody
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Imatinib
Antineoplastic
MiscellaneousTyrosine kinase inhibitor
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Imipenem/Cilastatin
New lactam antibiotic
Cilastatin inhibits akidney dipeptidase that inactivates imipenem
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Indinavir
Antiretroviral
Protease inhibitor (PI)
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Interferon alpha
Antiviral for hepatitisAntineoplastic
Cytokine
Anti-angiogenesis
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Interleukin 2
Cytokine Antineoplastic
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Interleukin 11
Cytokine Antineoplastic (supporting
agent)
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Iodoquinol
Antiparasitic
Treatment of protozoal infections
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Iressa
Antineoplastic
MiscellaneousTyrosine kinase inhibitor
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Isoniazid
Antibiotic
Inhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acids
Major drug for tuberculosis
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Itraconazole
Triazole antifungal
Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14
demethylase
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Ivermectin
Antihelminthic
Treatment of intestinaland tissue roundworms
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Ketoconazole
Imidazole antifungal
Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14
demethylase
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Lamivudine
Antiretroviral
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
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Letrozole
AntineoplasticAntiestrogen
Aromatase Inhibitor
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Leucovorin
Antineoplastic (supporting agent)
Folic acid analogue(used in methotrexate rescue)
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Leuprolide
AntineoplasticGonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist
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Linezolid
Oxazolidinone antibioticProtein synthesis inhibitor
50S ribosomal subunit
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Lomustine (CCNU)
Antineoplastic
Alkylating Agent
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Macrolideserythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
AntibioticsBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitors
50S ribosome
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Mebendazole
Antihelminthic
Treatment of intestinal roundworms
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Mechlorethamine
Antineoplastic
Alkylating Agent
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Mefloquine
Antimalarial
Treatment and prophylaxis for chloroquine resistant
Plasmodium
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Meglumine antimonate
Tropical antiparasitic
Organic antimonialTreatment of Leishmaniasis
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Melarsoprol
Tropical antiparasitic
Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS
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Melphalan
Antineoplastic
Alkylating Agent
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6-Mercaptopurine
Antineoplastic
Antimetabolite(“pseudofeedback inhibition” of
HGPRT and PRP – purine synthesis)
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Mesna
Antineoplastic (supporting agent)
Prevent hemorrhagic cystitisdue to cyclophosphamide
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Methenamine
Urinary tract antiseptic
Decomposes to formaldehydein acidic environment
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Methicillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Methotrexate
ImmunosuppressiveAntineoplastic
Folic acid antagonistDihydrofolate reductase
inhibitor
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Metronidazole
AntibioticAntiparasitic
Antiulcer
AnaerobesReduction leads to intermediates
that damage DNA
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Miconazole
Imidazole antifungal
Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14
demethylase
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Minocycline
Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment
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Mitomycin C
Antineoplastic
Natural productAntibiotic
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Muromonab-CD3
Immunosuppressive
Mouse monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody
Organ transplant (anti-rejection)
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Mycophenolate
Immunosuppressive
Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity
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Nafcillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Penicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Nalidixic acid
Urinary tract antiseptic
QuinoloneInhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
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Neomycin
Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomeFreezes initiation
Topical
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Netilmicin
Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomeFreezes initiation
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Nevirapine
Antiretroviral
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
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Nifurtimox
Tropical antiparasitic
Treatment of South American Trypanosomiasis; Chagas
disease
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Nitrofurantoin
Urinary tract antiseptic
Reduction leads to intermediates that damage DNA
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Norfloxacin
Fluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication inhibitor
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
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Nystatin
AntifungalPolyene antibiotic
Binds to ergosterol & alters permeability
Topical
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Organic antimonials
Tropical antiparasitic
Treatment of Leishmaniasis
sodium stibogluconatemeglumine antimonate
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Oseltamivir
Antiviral
Inhibits neuraminidase anddecreases viral release
Treatment of Influenza A & B
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Oxacillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Pencillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Oxytetracycline
Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment
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Paclitaxel
Antineoplastic
Natural productPlant alkaloid (taxane)
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Palivizumab
Antiviral
Monoclonal antibody againstthe surface of
respiratory syncytial virus
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Para-aminosalicylic acid
AntibioticNucleic acid and
protein synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
Secondary TB drug
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Paromomycin
AntiparasiticAminoglycoside antibiotic
Treatment of protozoal infections
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Penciclovir
Antiherpes
Purine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of
viral DNA polymerase
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Penicillins
lactam antibioticsCell wall synthesis inhibitors
Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan
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Penicillin G
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Acid labileInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Penicillin V
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
More acid resistant than Penicillin G
Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking
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Pentostatin
Antineoplastic
MiscellaneousEnzyme inhibitor
(blocks purine synthesis)
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Piperacillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Polymyxin B
AntibioticDisrupts gram negative cell
membrane
Binds phosphatidylethanolamineBactericidal
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Praziquantel
Antihelminthic
Treatment of trematode (fluke) and cestode (tapeworm)
infections
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Primaquine
Antimalarial
Eliminates hepatic forms of plasmodium
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Procaine Penicillin G
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Repository preparationInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Pyrantel Pamoate
Antihelminthic
Treatment of intestinal roundworms
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Pyrazinamide
Antibiotic
Major drug for tuberculosis
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Pyrimethamine
AntimalarialProtein and nucleic acid
synthesis inhibitor
Plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
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Ribavirin
Antiviral
Primarily used as aerosol for respiratory syncytial virus
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Rifampin
AntibioticNucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Major drug for TB
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Rimantadine
Antiviral
Inhibits replicationat the stage of uncoating Treatment of Influenza A
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Ritonavir
Antiretroviral
Protease inhibitor (PI)
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Rituxumab
Antineoplastic
Anti-CD20 antibody
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Saquinavir
Antiretroviral
Protease inhibitor (PI)
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Silver sulfadiazine
Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid
and protein synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
Topical
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Sirolimus
Immunosuppressive
Binds FKBP, inhibits mTOR (mammalian kinase target of
rapamycin) & cell cycle progression
Rapamycin
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Sodium stibogluconate
Tropical antiparasitic
Organic antimonial Treatment of Leishmaniasis
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Spectinomycin
AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosome
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Streptomycin
Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomeFreezes initiation
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Sulfacetamide
Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid
and protein synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
Topical
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Sulfadoxine
Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid
and protein synthesis inhibitor
Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor
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Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid
and protein synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
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Sulfisoxazole
Sulfonamide antibioticNucleic acid and
protein synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
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Sulfonamides
AntibioticsNucleic acid and
protein synthesis inhibitors
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase
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Suramin
Tropical antiparasitic
Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis
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Tacrolimus
ImmunosuppressiveAntineoplastic
Binds FKBP (FK506 binding protein)
Inhibits calcineurin
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Tamoxifen
Antineoplastic Antiestrogen
Estrogen receptor anatagonist
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Terbinafine
Allylamine antifungal
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase
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Tetracycline
AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
inhibitor Antiulcer
30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment
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Thalidomide
Antineoplastic
Anti-angiogenicAnti-TNF
Leprosy (not antibiotic)
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Thiabendazole
Antihelminthic
Treatment of intestinal roundworms
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6-Thioguanine
Antineoplastic
Antimetabolite (“pseudofeedback inhibition” of
HGPRT and PRP – purine synthesis)
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Thiotepa
Antineoplastic
Alkylating agent
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Ticarcillin
Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-
linking
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Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis
inhibitor
30S ribosomeFreezes initiation
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Trastuzumab
Antineoplastic
Anti-HER2 antibody
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Trifluridine
Antiherpes
Pyrimidine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of
viral DNA polymerase
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Trimethoprim
AntibioticProtein and nucleic acid
synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
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Trimetrexate
Antibiotic
Folic acid antagonist Treatment for Pneumocystis
carinii
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Tumor necrosis factor
CytokineAntineoplastic
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Valacyclovir
Antiherpes
Purine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of
viral DNA polymerase
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Valganciclovir
Antiherpes
Purine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of
viral DNA polymerase
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Vancomycin
AntibioticInhibits cell wall synthesis
Not a lactam
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Vinblastine
Antineoplastic
Vinca alkaloidNatural product
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Vincristine
Antineoplastic
Vinca alkaloidNatural product
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Voriconazole
Triazole antifungal
Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14
demethylase
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Zalcitabine
Antiretroviral
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Dideoxycytidine (ddC)
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Zanamivir
Antiviral
Inhibits neuraminidaseand decreases viral release
Treatment of Influenza A & B
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Zidovudine
Antiretroviral
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Azidothymidine (AZT)