©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved. Information Access Paradigms Today CONCERT 2005...

©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.

Information Access Paradigms Today

CONCERT 2005 Taiwan

Terry MacManus

20 Oct. 2005


Agenda

• Introduction

• Information Access Paradigms• The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher

• ‘Common’ Information Access Paradigms• Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow

• Wrap up and the future


Ovid Technologies is aWolters Kluwer companyThe owner of many well known products/brands

- SilverPlatter - CONTENT AGGREGATOR- Ovid - CONTENT AGGREGATOR- Facts and Comparison- ADIS International - PUBLISHER- Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins - PUBLISHER- SKOLAR MD- CCH Legal

Ovid Technologies, headquartered in New York, has Asia Pac offices in- Sydney- Hong Kong- Kuala Lumpur - Beijing - Tokyo


Agenda

• Introduction

• Information Access Paradigms• The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher

• ‘Common’ Information Access Paradigms• Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow

• Wrap up and the future


• Electronic is now becoming the preferred access mode for customers.

• The electronic access mode delivers global research on the desk top and helps create global rather than country specific research communities

• The ‘exciting’ new world does not mean the death of print or the past

• The world is not the same. Countries are at different stages

• Internet is increasingly the medium while only a few years ago it was local intranets though local solutions will/are returning!

• The owners of the content are increasingly taking control of the sales process. Non US markets now focused on for growth

• Titles appear to be continually fluid from provider to provider

• Customers are increasingly voicing concerns about the journal subscription system and there is increased talk of Open Access

My Information Access ParadigmAs at May 2005


Information Access

The Librarian


• Information Access - The Cost• Libraries are finding that their library budget is not keeping up with

electronic (print) journal costs

• 1998 – 2003 avge cost of journal rose by 58% (UK CPI = 11%)

• 1996 – 2001 info resource budget of Uni decreased by 29% in real terms and avge journal increased by 41%

• Many publishers are bundling content and libraries are paying for content they do not want

• Ownership of content/ digitisation of content have now become core issues

“…a clear pattern emerges of increasing prices against decreasing library budgets…” (UK government committee)

Information AccessThe Librarian


• “…ten years ago, scientific journals took about 25 per cent of the materials budget, and currently that is 33 per cent and rising, which means in our situation that that is taking about half a million pounds a year out of the resources available for purchasing books and journals outside the scientific area - maps, music and electronic resources and so on. ….” (Cambridge University Librarian, 2004)

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/uc399-iii/uc39902.htm

• “…we buy journals we do not necessarily want in order to acquire things that are wanted and is pushing more of our budget in the pockets of a smaller and smaller number of publishers. It is skewing the budget and reducing the money available for other things…” (Librarian, UK Parliamentary Committee 2004)



• In 2003 Cornell University reviewed its policies on journal acquisitions. In the course of the review it noted

• 1986 – 2001 the library budget at the main campus increased by 149%

• 1986 – 2001 the number of periodicals purchased grew by 5%

(Economist – August 7th 2004)

Library budgets are not keeping pace with the price of journals


• Librarians strongly promote Open Access to content. Many believe that the current model of access is no longer appropriate

• Biomed Central• Public Library of Science


“…Accordingly, the University's libraries, the System wide Senate leadership, and the Uni of Cal administration are taking action and committing themselves to evaluating scholarly communication in all forms including periodicals and monographs, and to finding the most cost effective methods of making scholarly work available to the world.

The UC Libraries are working aggressively to:* stretch collections dollars by acting consortially to license online journals and reference databases; (UGC and JLCC)* inform themselves and faculty colleagues about the dimensions of and possible ways to address the crisis in the economics of scholarly communication; and* support alternative means for publishing scholarly materials that make high-quality peer-reviewed work available at an affordable price..” (Anita Stein, Managing Editor, Pancreas, UoC)



New challenges, new responses , new responses• How can we facilitate access and assist users in navigating and

making sense of the content?

• What is the library budget situation? Should this come from our budget?

• Who makes the decision on journal subscriptions?

• Is my Internet access satisfactory? What about archive rights?

• What is the technical infrastructure of the library?

• What free content is available? How can we search utilise it?



Information Access

The Researcher and Academic


• With regard to information they • Want premium content made available as soon as published if not

before• believe quality matters both in research output and publication the

research is published in• Want their research made as widely available as possible • Are increasingly supportive of electronic access• Want to ensure their research rights are protected• Often prefer to keep print AND electronic• Attitude to electronic is often influenced by computer

literacy/accessibiity• Many are supportive of the existing journal subscription system but

increasing numbers are voicing their desire for alternatives

Information AccessThe Researcher and Academic


Professor Williams, University of Liverpool, 2004“I look at the functionality of my laboratories at the present time and I think they have

been enhanced enormously over the past five years. My staff, my post-docs, my

students have immense access to a wide variety of publications with tremendous

facility. Comparing that to five years ago the time saved in technology is very, very

significant….I see a very big difference in quality. It is the quality of the science that is

being published and the quality of the publication media is of interest to me…”

Professor Fry, Cardiff University, 2004“Bundling has been extremely valuable for the users of journals because it has increased their access

to journals enormously, particularly within groups of subject area…”

Professor Crabbe, University of Reading, 2004‘The key for (academic research) is to get a wide audience, to get one’s science recognised

and for it to be recognised not just for what it is but also, to benefit the institution form

which it comes…we aim to publish in high profile journals….”



How involved are the users (academics) in working with the assisting the librarians?• Many researchers are cushioned from the real cost of the publication• Libraries normally have to find the funds to pay for the publications• Academics do have power with publishers as they provide the research

for the journals and they review/edit the papers• Academics want their research to be published in the top journals. It

impacts their profile and enhances their job security

Committee Summary“…It is disappointing that many academics are content to ignore the significant difficulties faced by libraries. Until they start to see the provision of journals as, in part, their problem, the situation will not improve….”http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/399/39908.htm#a27



Information Access

The Publisher

Content Owner

Content Provider


The Journal Publishing System is evolving• Print, Print + Electronic, Electronic Only, Electronic + Print• Premium content v secondary content v masses of free content

Electronic Access has delivered enormous benefits• More research, new research papers and archival access is now

being delivered• Elsevier in 2004 estimated that journal usage is going up by 75%

each year and the cost of article downloaded is coming down by around 70%

• In 2004, Blackwell Publishing noted the downloads had doubled over the past year

• Elsevier calculated that 90% of all scientists have access to Elsevier content and 97% in UK

• PPV is now increasingly popular & available form a range of publisher sites often purchased by non academics

- Swets has PPV for almost 3,500 journals in SwetsWise,• Print on Demand (POD) is now possible for a range if titles• Content is now more accessible via the community be it via inter

library loan, public library, university…..

Information AccessThe Publisher


What about the increased costs of journals?• Some individual titles have increased in price significantly• Many libraries have purchased collections rather than individual titles

& these have delivered better value• People are paying less per journal today than 10 years ago and are

getting more journals at the same time. - In 1993 the average UK uni had access to 4,000 titles- In 2003 the average UK uni had access to 6,500 titles

• The cost per article according to Blackwell Publishing rose from 1.77 gbp I998 to 1.82 gbp in 2003

• Online enables costs to be saved and to get more journals to more people

• Bundled Pricing now being changed?- Size, institution, usage, the value of the content



What about the lack of journal competition?Worldwide there are around 2,000 publishers representing thousands of

societies….• In 2003, Elsevier, BP, Macmillan, Wiley and Springer had 35% of

UK market…• Some publishers focus on

- Being author friendly- Aggressive in marketing- Being Content specialists- Delivering Added value technology

• Customers are well informed (list servs)- University of California- Cornell University

• Authors decide where to submit their material• Societies move form publisher to publisher

- American Urological Association



Information Access

The Internet Child The End User


• Let’s recognise that users are not the same• Few have detailed knowledge on content/publishers itself

- Premium journals/Impact Factors….• The reasons for requiring content vary dramatically • Levels of experience and ability to search are inconsistent• The need for speed of access; currency of content and precision of

searching varies from user to user• Many just want full text, full text, full text• Some recognise the value of content searching/others don’t

• The Internet Child• Want up to date content which is integrated to their work

environment and accessible via their desktop• They expect the technology to work 24 hours a day from home, work

and the library• They give little consideration to the cost of buying the content• They want simple and effective searching without having to learn

about the indexes• They just want quick results. Many use Google & are likely to be

‘enchanted’ by the idea of Google Scholar

Information AccessThe Internet Child, The End User


Many users like PDF because they• Get the complete document as it

appears in the journal

• Are re-assured as it looks like the print

• Easy to Save

Under-estimate SGML even though it• Enables full integration with other

journals/databases

• Enables quick access to relevant part of the journals

• Allows increased customisation

• More efficient and precise searching

PDF V SGML


Information Access Paradigms = Professional Paradigms

= Individual Paradigms

= The Common Paradigms


To create a quality collection, stakeholders need to• Understand the curriculum• Understand needs/expectations of faculty/staff and students• Ensure there is no duplication of titles • Focus on premium not secondary titles • Review freely available content• Create a benchmark list• Recognise the final list will be ongoing

Stakeholders need to establish purchasing criteria• Archival/perpetual access to content• PDF and SGML availability• Back files covered• Price ($ v usage)• Embargoes• Currency of the content • Integration with other resources• Services – local language/local expertise/local implementation• Ease of purchase• Stability of Content

The Common Paradigm1. What to buy and how to obtain more for less


A benchmark core list enables institutions/libraries to• establish priorities• Help determine where and what to buy titles from• Negotiate with each other to see if any cost sharing arrangements are

possible

You can use a range of techniques to create a benchmark list

1. Look at what other Universities subscribe to• National Library Catalogues• WEBCAT in Japan

2. Review Third Party Resources• Medical Library Association

• http://colldev.mlanet.org/subject.html• Brandon Hill list (140 titles) (finishing)• Core Collection of Medical Books and Journals by Hague • ISI Impact Factors – ISI



4. Identify Creditable Content Resources

ACP Journal Club (American College of Physicians)• http://www.acpjc.org/shared/journals_reviewed.htm

5. Review subjective and objective factors• Usage statistics• Academic opinion/input/needs

6. Review titles requested from document delivery services• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/onsite/rrjournals.html#LOCATIONS

7. Review which databases journals are indexed in- ULRICH’s

8. Work with local partners and vendors



Electronic content has led to librarians role being re-defined

and user expectations becoming more demanding

People now talk about, Librarians• Facilitating information access

• Assist in navigating the resources efficiently

• Assisting to Differentiate Core from non Core Content

• Offer Instruction in the use of resources

• Customising resources for specific user needs

• Guiding through a hybrid of collections in print and electronic content

• Creating an Electronic Gateway acting as the reference point for library access

The Common Paradigm2. Maximising Usage & Knowledge - Education


Ease of use is important but so is knowing the content

• Value of Indexing v Easy Searching

• A&I databases v Full text

For example: INSPEC - Abstract & Indexing Database

• Over 7.2 Million Records

• Over 350,000 records p.a.

• Over 30 years of Electronic Data

• Over 3,000 Journals & 3,000 Other Publications

• 80+ Countries of Publication

• 140+ Countries of Author

The Common Paradigm2. Maximising Usage & Knowledge - Education


Documents Types in A&IINSPEC

Journals 72.6%

Other 2.1%

Conference Articles 16.8%

Conference in Journal 8.5%


A&I contain International PublishersINSPEC’s Top 25 Publishers are

Academic Press

ACM

AIP

Allerton Press

American Geophys. Union

APS

Astron. Soc. Pacific

Elsevier

Gordon & Breech

IEE

IEEE

IOP Publishing

Inst. Electron. Inf. & Commun Eng.

Japanese Journal Appl. Physics

Kluwer Academic Publisher

MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing

Opt. Soc. America

Plenum

Science Press

SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.

Springer-Verlag

Taylor & Francis

Univ. of Chicago Press

Wiley

World Scientific


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

US

A

UK

E-E

ur

Ne

th

Ge

r

Ja

pa

n

Fra

nc

e

Sw

itz

Sc

an

d

Ch

ina

80 Countries of PublicationPercentPercent

A&I contain International ResearchINSPEC has 80 Countries of Publication


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

US

A

E-E

ur

Ja

p

UK

Ge

r

Fra

nc

e

Ca

n

Ind

ia

Italy

Ch

ina

Sc

a

Ne

th

Au

s'lia

Sw

itz

Sp

ain

C&

S A

m

140 Countries of AuthorPercentPercent

A&I contain International ResearchINSPEC has 140 Countries of Author


Full Text Question Time

Name five titles held by LWW?

Name the best publisher for micro biology?

What do ‘embargoes’ and ‘currency’ mean?


Full Text Question Time

Name five titles held by LWW?

Name the best publisher for micro biology?

What do ‘embargoes’ and ‘currency’ mean?

Why ask such silly questions?


Universities have already invested in Technology

• OPACS/library catalogues• Networked computers• Intra and extra desk top access • Intra Library Loans and Document Delivery

Content• Printed Journal and books • Electronic journals and books• Electronic Databases• Local Content - Indian• Curriculum

Human Resources• Leading Researchers

The Common Paradigm3. Integrating the Content with Technology and Workflow


ElectronicDatabases

OPAC

QualityBook

Full TextPublishersIndian

Content

Seamless linkage between databases, Journal & Books, Internet free resources on a minimum number of platforms


Statistics need to be COUNTER compliant & easy to understand


Linking to your Full TextLinking MUST be allowed to any publisher, aggregator or provider of full text

Linking MUST be well doneLinking must support Open URLLinking software must be easy/reliableLinking require vendor honesty


You could integrate withcontent subscribed through Subscription Agents


You could integrate with content on Open Access/Free Web sites


Link your Database InvestmentWith your full text investment


• Is it possible that vendors could • become actively involved in the implementation of their

products in the library environment• provide more detailed information on individual journals and

how they can be integrated into the library environment• recognise that there is more to a long term partnership than

short term dollars• Embrace the concept of partner in deeds not just words• Help in the analysis of content

• Is it possible that librarians could • see vendors as possible allies in securing funding• embrace the concept of partner (within reason)• see ‘vendors’ as something more than sharks waiting to

pounce• Recognise that uneconomic pricing leads to instability of

access

The Common Paradigm4. Working together as a common interest ‘team’


Agenda

• Introduction

• Information Paradigms• The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher

• ‘Common’ Information Paradigms• Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow

• Wrap up and the future • Personalisation, Customisation, Realisation of the

Full Value of Electronic


Information Access Paradigms Today

©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved. Information Access Paradigms Today CONCERT 2005...

Documents

Transcript of ©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved. Information Access Paradigms Today CONCERT 2005...