2002/2/11-12 JEM on Equipment Identifiers1 Japanese ESN assignment and necessity of the global...

2002/2/11-12JEM on Equipment Identifiers 1

Japanese ESN assignment and necessity of the global discussion

February 11, 2002

Masaaki Koga ([email protected])KDDI Corporation


- Japanese CDMA(cdmaOne/CDMA2000) standard is established in ARIB T53WG. The CDMA handset shall be in accordance with the standard in order to transmit radio wave in Japan. The latest one is ARIB-STD T53.Ver3.2, which is the regional standard of the 3GPP2 CDMA2000 series. There is a specification unique to Japan in the document C.S0005-0 of the T53 series of standard. “The ESN is assigned by the carrier.” Handset venders is supposed to ask KDDI to assign an ESN range.

- This unique assignment has been inherited from the TACS ESN format because Japanese CDMA began with the dual mode with the TACS.

- The position of the manufacturer code is reversed in the TACS ESN from the TIA ESN. In other words the manufacturer code of the TACS ESN is located in the end.

Japanese CDMA 1/2


- On the other hand, the fact has been known in the IS-95 that the duplicate ESN would cause a cross talk in the reverse link if they stayed in the same CDMA carrier of the same sector at a cell site. There had been no problem because Japanese CDMA frequency band is unique.

ESN duplication


Cross talk in the reverse link

NetworkMr. A Mr. B

Ms. A Ms. B

Reverse link

Forward link


- The technology of dual-band handset changed the situation. The April in 2000 Sanyo provided KDDI, STI(Korea, merged by SK Telecom in 2002), and Hutchison Telecom(Hong Kong) with the first cdmaOne handset with dual band for 800MHz both of North America and Japan and enabled the CDMA international roaming. At that time KDDI established an additional rule for the ESN assignment.

- The rule is that the ESN of the dual band handset shall contain a TIA manufacturer code in the upper bits and a value from a block of empty Japan manufacturer codes in the lower bits.

Emerge of the dual-band handset


- This rule doesn’t waste the TIA ESN because the dual-band handset manufacturers give the rest of the ESN to handsets which don’t support the Japan 800MHz.

- More handset manufacturers will provide the dual-band handsets due to technology evolution in the future.

- It shall be avoided that handset manufacturers somewhere in the world provide the handsets missing this rule.

KDDI would like this rule to be surely implemented by potential manufacturers by:(For example)- The roaming partners’ cooperation through the roaming agreement- Specifying this rule in the TIA ESN assignment guideline

The Japanese ESN rule


- R-UIM is expected to be introduced across the world. China Unicom should be admired due to its pioneer spirits mandating the R-UIM from the very first day of the CDMA launch. The R-UIM will make the roaming easier over the frequency difference, furthermore the technology difference.

- Considering the close relationship between the UIMID and the ESN, SDOs participating the 3GPP2*, who are UIMID administrators, asked TIA the role of a UIMID coordinator. The administrators and the coordinator work together to assign the UIMID in accordance with the UIMID assignment guideline.

(*) TIA, CWTS, TTA, ARIB/TTC

Emerge of R-UIM and UIMID


- The duplication between the UIMID and the ESN causes the same problem as that between ESNs.

- TIA decided that the UIMID need to be assigned in such a way as to not duplicate the ESN assigned for CDMA handsets.

- TIA also decided that TIA would assign UIMID manufacturer codes whose bit structures are identical to the ESN assigned prior to 1995. TIA sent out a mailing to all holders of the ESN falling into the category who were requested to let TIA know if any of the ESN numbers assigned to them had been used for CDMA handsets.

- By the end of 2001, 130, 136, and 195 [decimal] were assigned as the UIMID’s upper eight digits, which could be interpreted as the ESN manufacturer code.

UIMID Assignment in TIA


- Not to mention, the current 3GPP2/TIA UIMID assignment doesn’t consider the duplication with the Japanese ESN.

- So far an R-UIM-capable handset has not been found in the market supporting the Japanese frequency band.

- The following information is required to explore the solution for the future.

- The number of the ESN manufacturer codes which can be reserved for the UIMID- The demand estimate of the R-UIM including the dual mode GSM SIM which has the CDMA R-UIM capability

UIMID in Japan


- IRM stands for International Roaming MIN.

- The IRM begins with 0 and 1. This numbering block is basically a void in the North American Numbering Plan.

- IFAST allocate the IRM to cellular carriers per upper four-digit.

- 57% of the IRM resource is assigned, reserved for future assignment or under consideration for assignment or reservation by the end of January 2002 according to the IRM administrator.

- In general, R-UIMs are more disposable than handsets.

- The GSM SIM card contains 15-digit IMSI.

Concern about IRM use for R-UIM 1/2


- A mobile with an invalid UIM can respond to the paging message in the mobile termination call if the IRM matches. If one with a valid UIM happens to stay in the same paging area, it may not get the termination call. That is why the IRM duplication should not be allowed.

- Some GSM carriers may want to introduce the dual-mode SIM containing an IRM.

- We may come across IRM exhaustion earlier than we expected.

- Considering international roaming, the transition to IMSI should be carried out globally.

To prepare for the UIM widely deployed, the transition to IMSI should be explored in 3GPP2 and TIA as soon as possible.

Concern about IRM use for UIM 2/2


- The ESN Assignment Guidelines and Procedures says:

1.2 These guidelines are based on the content of the ANSI TIA/EIA 41 “Family of Standards” (e.g. AMPS (EIA/TIA 553), CDMA (IS-95), NAMPS (IS-91) and TDMA (IS-54, IS-136)). It is recommended that systems which are based on the ANSI TIA/EIA 41 family of standards and which are deployed outside of the United States follow these guidelines. This is to facilitate international roaming and to minimize fraud.

- CDMA2000, such as the 2GHz IMT-2000 band, will join the family, so the ESN consuming rate won’t be saturated.

Family of systems


- KDDI started exploring the transition to TIA ESN format as an ultimate solution and found out the necessity of the global discussion because it will accelerate the TIA ESN exhaustion.

- Global implementation of the voice privacy feature can be the solution. Anyway global discussion is required.

Solution for the ESN exhaustion should be explored in 3GPP2 and TIA as soon as possible.

Solution to be explored

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