©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. An Introduction to Writing: Part 2 English Brushup, 3E John...
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Transcript of ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. An Introduction to Writing: Part 2 English Brushup, 3E John...
©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
An Introduction to Writing: An Introduction to Writing: Part 2Part 2
English Brushup, English Brushup, 3E3E
John LanganJohn Langan
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
The Process: 4 Steps in a The Process: 4 Steps in a NutshellNutshell
• Discover a clearly stated point clearly stated point or thesisor thesis.
• Provide logical, detailed logical, detailed supportsupport for your thesis.
• Organize and connectOrganize and connect your supporting material.
• Revise and editRevise and edit so that your sentences are effective and error-free.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Prewriting Techniques
•Freewriting•Questioning •Making a List•Diagramming•Preparing a Scratch Outline
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Freewriting• Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in
rough sentences or phrases rough sentences or phrases everythingeverything that that comes to mind about a possible topic.comes to mind about a possible topic.
There are lots of things I get annoyed There are lots of things I get annoyed by. One of them is politishans, in fact by. One of them is politishans, in fact I am so annoyed by them the last I am so annoyed by them the last thing I want is to write about them. thing I want is to write about them. Another thing that bothers me is noisy Another thing that bothers me is noisy people at the movies. I used to love people at the movies. I used to love the movies….the movies….
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Freewriting
•Do not worry (yet) about spelling or punctuation.
[. . .] There are lots of [. . .] There are lots of things I get annoyed by. things I get annoyed by. One of them isOne of them is politishanspolitishans. . [. [. . .]. .]
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Questioning ???????????• Ask as many questions as you can Ask as many questions as you can
think of about your subject.think of about your subject.•Why?Why?•When?When?•Where?Where?•Who?Who?•How?How?
??
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Making a List((akaaka “brainstorming”) “brainstorming”)
• Collect a Collect a list of ideaslist of ideas and details that relate to and details that relate to your subject.your subject.
• Do not worryDo not worry about the order of the list. about the order of the list.– Traffic is bad between my house and theatreTraffic is bad between my house and theatre– Noisy patronsNoisy patrons– Don’t want to run into JeremyDon’t want to run into Jeremy– Hard to be on a dietHard to be on a diet
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
ClusteringClustering(aka “diagramming” or “mapping”)(aka “diagramming” or “mapping”)
• WriteWrite your your subjectsubject in the center of a blank in the center of a blank sheet of paper.sheet of paper.
• Jot down ideasJot down ideas and and detailsdetails around the around the subject.subject.
• Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to showshow
relationshipsrelationships among ideas and details. among ideas and details.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Diagramming
Movies
Might see old boyfriend
Noisy People
Adults
Coughing and sneezing
Telling Plot
Teenagers
Showing offYelling
Too many people
Line at box office
Traffic getting to theater
Temptations
PopcornChocolate bars
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Preparing a Scratch Outline• Think Think carefullycarefully about: about:
• The The pointpoint you are making you are making
• The The supporting itemssupporting items for that for that pointpoint
• The The orderorder in which you will in which you will arrange those itemsarrange those items
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Writing a First Draft
Your Your Goals:Goals:• State your main idea State your main idea clearlyclearly..• Develop the content of paper Develop the content of paper
with plenty of with plenty of specific detailsspecific details..
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revision• Set your draft aside for a while.Set your draft aside for a while.
• Work from typed or printed text.Work from typed or printed text.
• Read your draft aloud.Read your draft aloud.
• Add your thoughts and changes Add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of above the lines or in the margins of your paper.your paper.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
3 Stages to the Revising Process
•Revising contentRevising content
•Revising sentencesRevising sentences
•EditingEditing 33
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revising ContentUnity
• Main ideaMain idea must be clearly stated in introductory paragraph.
• SupportingSupporting pointspoints must back up main idea.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revising Content
SupportSupport• At leastAt least three separate pointsthree separate points
must support the main idea.must support the main idea.
• Plenty of specific evidencePlenty of specific evidence must be provided for each must be provided for each supporting point.supporting point.
Must havesupport...
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revising SentencesUseUse to to balancebalance words and words and
ideas: ideas:
Correct: The mugger jumped out and scared her.Incorrect: The mugger jumped out and scares her.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revising SentencesKeep Keep voicevoice and and tense tense consistentconsistent..
– Jean Jean punchedpunched down the risen yeast down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then dough in the bowl. Then you dumpyou dump it it onto the floured work table and onto the floured work table and kneadknead it into a smooth, shiny ball.it into a smooth, shiny ball.
Jean Jean punched punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then Then she dumpedshe dumped it onto the floured it onto the floured work table and work table and
kneadedkneaded it into a smooth shiny ball.it into a smooth shiny ball.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revising Sentences
• Avoid Avoid slang, slang, clichés, clichés, pretentious pretentious language,language, and and wordiness.wordiness.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revising SentencesUse verbs.Use verbs.• PassivePassiveThe car The car was crashedwas crashed
by me.by me.
• Active Active I I crashedcrashed the car. the car.
Forms ofForms of to beto be::
is is am am arearewas was were were beenbeen
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Revising Sentences
The truck was speeding. The truck was brown.
The truck skidded on some ice. The truck almost hit a police officer.
The police officer was startled.The police officer was young. The brown speeding truck The brown speeding truck
startled the young police officer startled the young police officer as it skidded on some ice as it skidded on some ice
and almost hit him.and almost hit him.
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Editing
–grammargrammar–punctuationpunctuation –spellingspelling
English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction: Part Two
Let’s Take a Break!
A lot information for a brief guide, isn’t there?
Let’s take another break.
Be sure to stick around for Part Three!