2002 Federal Budget Historical Tables

8/8/2019 2002 Federal Budget Historical Tables

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HISTORICAL

TABLES

FISCAL YEAR 2002

BUDGET OF THE

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT


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1

THE BUDGET DOCUMENTS

Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002contains the Budget Message of the President and information onthe Presidents 2002 proposals by budget function.

Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Govern-ment, Fiscal Year 2002 contains analyses that are designed to high-light specified subject areas or provide other significant presentationsof budget data that place the budget in perspective.

The Analytical Perspectives volume includes economic and account-ing analyses; information on Federal receipts and collections; analysesof Federal spending; detailed information on Federal borrowing anddebt; the Budget Enforcement Act preview report; current servicesestimates; and other technical presentations. It also includes informa-tion on the budget system and concepts and a listing of the Federalprograms by agency and account.

Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government,

Fiscal Year 2002 provides data on budget receipts, outlays, sur-pluses or deficits, Federal debt, and Federal employment over anextended time period, generally from 1940 or earlier to 2006. Tothe extent feasible, the data have been adjusted to provide consist-ency with the 2002 Budget and to provide comparability over time.

Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002Appendix contains detailed information on the various appropria-tions and funds that constitute the budget and is designed primarilyfor the use of the Appropriations Committee. The Appendix containsmore detailed financial information on individual programs and ap-propriation accounts than any of the other budget documents. Itincludes for each agency: the proposed text of appropriations lan-guage, budget schedules for each account, new legislative proposals,explanations of the work to be performed and the funds needed,and proposed general provisions applicable to the appropriations ofentire agencies or group of agencies. Information is also providedon certain activities whose outlays are not part of the budget totals.

A Citizens Guide to the Federal Budget, Budget of thUnited States Government, Fiscal Year 2002 provides generainformation about the budget and the budget process.

Budget System and Concepts, Fiscal Year 2002 contains anexplanation of the system and concepts used to formulate the Presidents budget proposals.

Budget Information for States, Fiscal Year 2002 is an Officeof Management and Budget (OMB) publication that provides proposedState-by-State obligations for the major Federal formula grant programs to State and local governments. The allocations are basedon the proposals in the Presidents budget. The report is releasedafter the budget.

AUTOMATED SOURCES OF BUDGET INFORMATION

The information contained in these documents is available inelectronic format from the following sources:

CD-ROM. The CD-ROM contains all of the budget documents andsoftware to support reading, printing, and searching the documentsThe CD-ROM also has many of the tables in the budget in spread-sheet format.

Internet. All budget documents, including documents that arreleased at a future date, will be available for downloading in severaformats from the Internet. To access documents through the WorldWide Web, use the following address:

http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget

For more information on access to electronic versions of the budgetdocuments (except CDROMs), call (202) 5121530 in the D.C. areaor toll-free (888) 2936498. To purchase a CDROM or printed docu-ments call (202) 512-1800.

GENERAL NOTES

1. All years referred to are fiscal years, unless otherwise noted.

2. Detail in this document may not add to the totals due to rounding.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON 2001

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: (202) 5121800 Fax: (202) 5122250

Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 204020001


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i

Contents of the Historical Tables

Page

Introduction:

Structure, Coverage and Concepts ....................................................................................................................................... 1

Section Notes .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Historical Trends .................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Section 1Overview of Federal Government Finances ............................................................................................................. 21Table 1.1Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (): 17892006 ................................................... 21Table 1.2Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits () as Percentages of GDP: 19302006 ........... 23Table 1.3Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits () in Current Dollars, Constant (FY 1996)

Dollars, and as Percentages of GDP: 19402006 ............................................................................................................. 25Table 1.4Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits () by Fund Group: 19342006 .............................................. 27

Section 2Composition of Federal Government Receipts ......................................................................................................... 29Table 2.1Receipts by Source: 19342006 ......................................................................................................................... 29Table 2.2Percentage Composition of Receipts by Source: 19342006 ........................................................................... 31Table 2.3Receipts by Source as Percentages of GDP: 19342006 ................................................................................. 33Table 2.4Composition of Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions and of Excise Taxes: 19402006 ..................... 35Table 2.5Composition of Other Receipts: 19402006 .................................................................................................. 42

Section 3Federal Government Outlays by Function ............................................................................................................... 44Table 3.1Outlays by Superfunction and Function: 19402006 ...................................................................................... 44Table 3.2Outlays by Function and Subfunction: 19622006 ......................................................................................... 52

Section 4Federal Government Outlays by Agency .................................................................................................................. 70Table 4.1Outlays by Agency: 19622006 ......................................................................................................................... 70Table 4.2Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Agency: 19622006 ........................................................................... 76

Section 5Budget Authority (On-and Off-Budget) .................................................................................................................... 81Table 5.1Budget Authority by Function and Subfunction: 19762006 ......................................................................... 81Table 5.2Budget Authority by Agency: 19762006 ......................................................................................................... 93

Table 5.3Percentage Distribution of Budget Authority by Agency: 19762006 ........................................................... 97Table 5.4Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency: 19762006 ................................................................................. 101Table 5.5Percentage Distribution of Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency: 19762006 ................................... 105

Section 6Composition of Federal Government Outlays .......................................................................................................... 109Table 6.1Composition of Outlays: 19402006 ................................................................................................................. 109

Section 7Federal Debt ............................................................................................................................................................... 116Table 7.1Federal Debt at the End of Year: 19402006 .................................................................................................. 116Table 7.2Debt Subject to Statutory Limit: 19402006 ................................................................................................... 118Table 7.3Statutory Limits on Federal Debt: 1940Current ........................................................................................... 119

Section 8Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category ........................................................................................................ 123Table 8.1Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 19622006 ........................................................................... 123Table 8.2Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category in Constant (FY 1996) Dollars: 19622006 ....................... 124Table 8.3Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 19622006 .............................. 125Table 8.4Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category as Percentages of GDP: 19622006 .................................... 126

Table 8.5Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs: 19622006 ........................................................................... 127Table 8.6Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs in Constant (FY 1996) Dollars: 19622006 ....................... 133Table 8.7Outlays for Discretionary Programs: 19622006 ............................................................................................ 139Table 8.8Outlays for Discretionary Programs in Constant (FY 1996) Dollars: 19622006 ........................................ 145Table 8.9Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs: 19762006 ............................................................................ 151

Section 9Federal Government Outlays for Major Public Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Educationand Training .............................................................................................................................................................................. 155

Table 9.1Total Investment Outlays for Major Public Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Edu-cation and Training: 19622002 ........................................................................................................................................ 155

Table 9.2Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Current and Constant (FY 1996) Dollars:19402002 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 156

Table 9.3Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Percentage Terms: 19402002 ............................... 158Table 9.4National Defense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 19402002 .................... 160


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1

INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURE, COVERAGE AND CONCEPTS

Historical Tables provides a wide rangeof data on Federal Government finances.

Many of the data series begin in 1940and include estimates of the Presidents budget

for 20012006. Additionally, Table 1.1 providesdata on receipts, outlays, and surpluses or

deficits for 19011939 and for earlier multi-year periods.

StructureThis document is composed of 17 sections,

each of which has one or more tables.Each section covers a common theme. Section

1, for example, provides an overview ofthe budget and off-budget totals; Section2 provides tables on receipts by source;

and Section 3 shows outlays by function.When a section contains several tables, the

general rule is to start with tables showingthe broadest overview data and then work

down to more detailed tables. The purposeof these tables is to present a broad rangeof historical budgetary data in one convenient

reference source and to provide relevant com-parisons likely to be most useful. The most

common comparisons are in terms of propor-tions (e.g., each major receipt category as

a percentage of total receipts and of thegross domestic product).

Section notes explain the nature of theactivities covered by the tables in each section.

Additional descriptive information is also in-cluded where appropriate. Explanations aregenerally not repeated, but there are occa-

sional cross-references to related materials.

Because of the numerous changes in the

way budget data have been presented overtime, there are inevitable difficulties in trying

to produce comparable data to cover manyyears. The general rule is to provide data

in as meaningful and comparable a fashionas possible. To the extent feasible, the dataare presented on a basis consistent with

current budget concepts. When a structural

change is made, insofar as possible the dataare adjusted for all years.

One significant change in recent years

concerns the budgetary treatment of Federalcredit programs, which was changed by theFederal Credit Reform Act of 1990. Previously

the budget recorded the cost of direct andguaranteed loans on a cash basis. Under

credit reform, the budget only records budgetauthority and outlays for the subsidy cost

of direct and guaranteed loans made in1992 and subsequent years. The subsidyis defined as the net estimated cash flows

to and from the Government over the lifeof the loan, discounted to the present. The

cash transactions are recorded as a meansof financing item. Because it was impossible

to convert the pre1992 loans to a creditreform basis, the data are on a cash basisfor pre1992 loans and on a credit reform

basis for loans made in 1992 and subsequentyears.

Coverage

The Federal Government has used the

unified or consolidated budget concept asthe foundation for its budgetary analysis

and presentation since the 1969 budget. Thebasic guidelines for the unified budget werepresented in the Report of the PresidentsCommission on Budget Concepts (October1967). The Commission recommended the

budget include all Federal fiscal activitiesunless there were exceptionally persuasive

reasons for exclusion. Nevertheless, from thevery beginning some programs were perceivedas warranting special treatment. Indeed, the

Commission itself recommended a bifurcatedpresentation: a unified budget composed

of an expenditure account and a loanaccount. The distinction between the expendi-

ture account and the loan account provedto be confusing and caused considerable com-plication in the budget for little benefit.

As a result, this distinction was eliminated


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2 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002, HISTORICAL TABLES

starting with the 1974 budget. However,even prior to the 1974 budget, the Export-Import Bank had been excluded by lawfrom the budget totals, and other exclusionsfollowed. The structure of the budget was

gradually revised to show the off-budget trans-actions in many locations along with theon-budget transactions, and the off-budgetamounts were added to the on-budget amountsin order to show total Federal spending.

The Balanced Budget and Emergency DeficitControl Act of 1985 (Public Law 99177)repealed the off-budget status of all thenexisting off-budget entities, but it also includeda provision moving the Federal old-age, sur-

vivors, and disability insurance funds (collec-tively known as social security) off-budget.

To provide a consistent time series, thebudget historical data show social securityoff-budget for all years since its inception,and show all formerly off-budget entitieson-budget for all years. The Omnibus BudgetReconciliation Act of 1989 (OBRA 1989) movedthe Postal Service fund off-budget, startingin fiscal year 1989. Prior to that year,the Postal Service fund is shown on-budget.

Though social security and the Postal Serv-ice are now off-budget, they continue tobe Federal programs. Indeed, social security

currently accounts for about one-fourth ofall Federal receipts and over one-fifth ofall Federal spending. Hence, the budget docu-ments include these funds and focus onthe Federal totals that combine the on-budget and off-budget amounts. Various budg-et tables and charts show total Federalreceipts, outlays, and surpluses and deficits,and divide these totals between the portionsthat are on-budget and off-budget.

Changes in Historical Budget Authority,Outlays, Receipts and Deficits

The major budget totals for 1998 and1999 have changed from those publishedin the 2001 Budget in part due to correctionsreported to the Treasury. Outlays for 1998increased by $8 million for Coast Guardoperating expenses. Outlays for 1999 increasedby a net of $2 million, resulting from changesin the Department of Health and HumanServices, the Department of Transportation,and the Department of the Treasury. In

addition, outlays for 1999 have been reducedby $167 million to reflect reclassificationof guaranty agency reserves of the Departmentof Educations student loan program as budg-etary.

Other changes were made to the functionalor Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) categoryclassifications of certain accounts as a resultof joint consultations among congressionalcommittees, the Congressional Budget Officeand the Office of Management and Budget.The most significant reclassification shifteda portion of Federal Housing Administrationmutual mortgage insurance negative subsidiesfrom mandatory to discretionary. This hasthe effect of reducing net budget authorityfor discretionary programs in every year

from 1992 through 1999. Other smallerchanges in classification affect discretionaryand mandatory totals back to 1986. A revisionin scoring (that now treats as new budgetauthority certain defense transfers of fundsthat would otherwise lapse) results in anincrease in discretionary and total budgetauthority starting in 1995. Another significantchange was the reclassification as discre-tionary the budget authority for accountsclassified in the mass transit BEA category.Because the treatment of these accountshas changed several times in recent years,the net effect of fully reflecting the latestscoring is to reduce discretionary budgetauthority in 1998 by $2,000 million andincrease it in 1999 by $1,504 million.

Constant Dollar Amounts and Percentsof GDP

The time series for fiscal year nominalGross Domestic Product (GDP) has been re-

vised back to 1930 to incorporate the bench-mark revisions to this series and other Na-

tional Income and Product Account (NIPA)data completed last year by the staff ofthe Bureau of Economic Analysis in theDepartment of Commerce. As a result, histor-ical budget data expressed as a percentof GDP have also been revised. In addition,the method used to calculate deflators forexpressing budget data in constant dollarshas been revised. Rather than using fixed-price constant dollar amounts to derive im-plicit deflators from various components of


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3THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002, HISTORICAL TABLES

GDP, such as the Federal and State andLocal Government sectors, the constant dollaramounts are now derived using chain-typeprice indexes (converted to Fiscal Year 1996as the base year). The chain-type price indexes

are used as input deflators to calculate thecomposite deflators for various outlay cat-egories. The major outlay categories are de-scribed in the Notes on Section 6 (Compositionof Federal Goverment Outlays) in the SectionNotes. Each of the major outlay categoriesare subdivided into capital and non-capitalspending, and then deflated to Fiscal Year1996 dollars by applying the relevant chain-price index. After aggregating the nominaland constant dollar amounts into the majorcomposition of outlay categories, composite

(or implicit) outlay deflators are then derivedfor each category. The use of chain-typeprice indexes results in significantly differentconstant dollar amounts in the 1940s andthe early 1950s (and smaller differences there-after) than the previous method.

Note on the Fiscal Year

The Federal fiscal year begins on October1 and ends on the subsequent September30. It is designated by the year in whichit ends; for example, fiscal year 2000 beganon October 1, 1999, and ended on September30, 2000. Prior to fiscal year 1977 theFederal fiscal years began on July 1 andended on June 30. In calendar year 1976the July-September period was a separateaccounting period (known as the transitionquarter or TQ) to bridge the period requiredto shift to the new fiscal year.

Concepts Relevant to the HistoricalTables

Budget receipts constitute the income side

of the budget; they are composed almostentirely of taxes or other compulsory paymentsto the Government. Any income from business-type activities (e.g., interest income or saleof electric power), and any income by Govern-ment accounts arising from payments byother Government accounts is offset againstoutlays, so that total budget outlays arereported net of offsetting collections. Thismethod of accounting permits users to easilyidentify the size and trends in Federal taxes

and other compulsory income, and in Federalspending financed from taxes, other compul-sory income, or borrowing. Budget surplusrefers to any excess of budget receipts overbudget outlays, while budget deficit refers

to any excess of budget outlays over budgetreceipts.

The terms off-budget receipts, off-budgetoutlays, off-budget surpluses, and off-budgetdeficits refer to similar categories for off-budget activities. The sum of the on-budgetand off-budget transactions constitute theconsolidated or total Federal Governmenttransactions.

The budget is divided between two fundgroups, Federal funds and trust funds. TheFederal funds grouping includes all receiptsand outlays not specified by law as beingtrust funds. All Federal funds are on-budgetexcept for the Postal Service fund, whichis off-budget starting with fiscal year 1989.

All trust funds are on-budget, except thetwo social security retirement trust funds,which are shown off-budget for all years.

The term trust fund as used in Federalbudget accounting is frequently misunderstood.In the private sector, trust refers to fundsof one party held by a second party (thetrustee) in a fiduciary capacity. In the Federal

budget, the term trust fund means onlythat the law requires the funds be accountedfor separately and used only for specifiedpurposes and that the account in whichthe funds are deposited is designated asa trust fund. A change in law may changethe future receipts and the terms underwhich the funds resources are spent. Thedetermining factor as to whether a particularfund is designated as a Federal fund ortrust fund is the law governing the fund.

The largest trust funds are for retirement

and social insurance (e.g., civil service andmilitary retirement, social security, medicare,and unemployment benefits). They are fi-nanced largely by social insurance taxes andcontributions and payments from the generalfund (the main component of Federal funds).However, there are also major trust fundsfor transportation (highway and airport andairways) and for other programs financedin whole or in part by beneficiary-based,earmarked taxes.


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Sometimes there is confusion between budg-et receipts and offsetting receipts and offset-ting collections. Receipts are income thatresults from the Governments exercise ofits sovereign power to tax, or otherwisecompel payment, or from gifts of moneyto the Government. They are also calledgovernmental receipts or budget receipts. Off-setting collections and offsetting receipts resultfrom either of two kinds of transactions:business-like or market-oriented activities withthe public and intragovernmental transactions,the receipt by one Government account ofa payment from another account.

For example, the budget records the pro-ceeds from the sale of postage stamps, thefees charged for admittance to recreation

areas, and the proceeds from the sale ofGovernment-owned land, as offsetting collec-tions or offsetting receipts. An example ofan intragovernmental transaction is the pay-ments received by the General Services Ad-

ministration from other Government agenciesfor the rent of office space. These are creditedas offsetting collections in the Federal Build-ings Fund. Offsetting collections and offsettingreceipts are deducted from gross budget au-thority and outlays, rather than added toreceipts. This treatment produces budget totalsfor receipts, budget authority, and outlaysthat represent governmental transactions withthe public rather than market activity.

When funds are earmarked, it means thereceipts or collections are separately identifiedand used for a specified purposethey arenot commingled (in an accounting sense)with any other money. This does not meanthe money is actually kept in a separatebank account. All money in the Treasury

is merged for efficient cash management.However, any earmarked funds are accountedfor in such a way that the balances arealways identifiable and available for the stipu-lated purposes.


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SECTION NOTES

Notes on Section 1 (Overview of FederalGovernment Finances)

This section provides an overall perspectiveon total receipts, outlays (spending), andsurpluses or deficits, the on-budget and off-budget amounts are also separately shown.Tables 1.1 and 1.2 have similar structures;1.1 shows the data in millions of dollars,while 1.2 shows the same data as percentagesof the gross domestic product (GDP). Forall the tables using GDP, fiscal year GDPis used to calculate percentages of GDP.The fiscal year GDP data are shown in

Table 1.2. Additionally, Table 1.1 shows budg-et totals annually back to 1901 and formulti-year periods back to 1789.

Table 1.3 shows total Federal receipts,outlays, and surpluses or deficits in currentand constant (Fiscal Year 1996=100) dollars,and as percentages of GDP. Section 6 providesa disaggregation of the constant dollar outlays.

Table 1.4 shows receipts, outlays and sur-pluses or deficits for the consolidated budgetby fund group. The budget is composedof two principal fund groupsFederal fundsand trust funds. Normally, whenever dataare shown by fund group, any paymentsfrom programs in one fund group to accountsof the other are shown as outlays of thepaying fund and receipts of the collectingfund. When the two fund groups are aggre-gated to arrive at budget totals these interfundtransactions are deducted from both receiptsand outlays in order to arrive at transactionswith the public. Table 1.4 displays receiptsand outlays on a gross basis. That is, incontrast to normal budget practice, collections

of interfund payments are included in thereceipts totals rather than as offsets to outlays.These interfund collections are grossed-upto more closely approximate cash incomeand outgo of the fund groups.

Notes on Section 2 (Composition of

Federal Government Receipts)

Section 2 provides historical informationon on-budget and off-budget receipts. Table

2.1 shows total receipts divided into fivemajor categories; it also shows the splitbetween on-budget and off-budget receipts.Table 2.2 shows the receipts by major categoryas percentages of total receipts, while Table2.3 shows the same categories of receiptsas percentages of GDP. Table 2.4disaggregates two of the major receipts cat-egories, social insurance taxes and contribu-tions and excise taxes, and Table 2.5disaggregates the other receipts category.While the focus of the section is on totalFederal receipts, auxiliary data show the

amounts of trust fund receipts in each cat-egory, so it is possible to readily distinguishthe Federal fund and trust fund portions.

Notes on Section 3 (Federal GovernmentOutlays by Function)

Section 3 displays Federal Government out-lays (on-budget and off-budget) according totheir functional classification. The functionalstructure is divided into 18 broad areas(functions) that provide a coherent and com-prehensive basis for analyzing the budget.

Each function, in turn, is divided into basicgroupings of programs entitled subfunctions.The structure has two categoriesallowancesand undistributed offsetting receiptsthat arenot truly functions but are required in orderto cover the entire budget. At times a moresummary presentation of functional data isneeded; the data by superfunction is pro-duced to satisfy this need. Table 3.1 providesoutlays by superfunction and function whileTable 3.2 shows outlays by function andsubfunction.

In arraying data on a functional basis,budget authority and outlays are classifiedaccording to the primary purpose of theactivity. To the extent feasible, this classifica-tion is made without regard to agency ororganizational distinctions. Classifying eachactivity solely in the function defining itsmost important purposeeven though manyactivities serve more than one purposepermits adding the budget authority andoutlays of each function to obtain the budget


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totals. For example, Federal spending formedicaid constitutes a health care program,but it also constitutes a form of incomesecurity benefits. However, the spending can-not be counted in both functions; since the

main purpose of medicaid is to finance thehealth care of the beneficiaries, this programis classified in the health function. Section3 provides data on budget outlays by function,while Section 5 provides comparable dataon budget authority.

Notes on Section 4 (Federal GovernmentOutlays by Agency)

Section 4 displays Federal Government out-lays (on- and off-budget) by agency. Table

4.1 shows the dollar amounts of such outlays,and Table 4.2 shows the percentage distribu-tion. The outlays by agency are based onthe agency structure currently in effect. Forexample, the Department of Education wasestablished by legislation enacted in 1979.However, these data show spending by theDepartment of Education in previous yearsthat consists of education spending attrib-utable to other agencies in earlier years,but now attributable to the Department ofEducation.

Notes on Section 5 (Budget AuthorityOn- and Off-Budget)

Section 5 provides data on budget authority(BA). BA is the authority provided by lawfor agencies to obligate the Government tospend. Table 5.1 shows BA by function andsubfunction, starting with 1976. Table 5.2provides the same information by agency,and Table 5.3 provides a percentage distribu-tion of BA by agency. Tables 5.4 and 5.5provide the same displays as Tables 5.2and 5.3, but for discretionary budget authority

rather than total budget authority. (Discre-tionary refers to the Budget Enforcement

Act category that includes programs subjectto the annual appropriations process.)

The data in these tables were compiledusing the same methods used for the historicaltables for receipts and outlays (e.g., to theextent feasible, changes in classification arereflected retroactively so the data show thesame stream of transactions in the same

location for all years). However, BA is hetero-geneous in nature, varying significantly fromone program to another. As a result, itis not additiveeither across programs oragencies for a year or, in many cases, foran agency or program across a series ofyearsin the same sense that budget receiptsand budget outlays are additive. The followingare examples of different kinds of BA andthe manner in which BA results in outlays.

BA and outlays for each year may be ex-actly the same (e.g., interest on the publicdebt).

For each year the Congress may appro-priate a large quantity of BA that willbe spent over a subsequent period of years

(e.g., many defense procurement contractsand major construction programs).

Some BA (e.g., the salaries and expensesof an operating agency) is made availableonly for a year and any portion not obli-gated during that year lapses (i.e., itceases to be available to be obligated).

Revolving funds may operate spendingprograms indefinitely with no new infu-sion of BA, other than the authority tospend offsetting collections.

BA may be enacted with the expectationit is unlikely ever to be used (e.g., standbyborrowing authority).

All income to a fund (e.g., certain revolv-ing, special, and trust funds) may be per-manently appropriated as BA; as long asthe fund has adequate resources, there isno further relationship between the BAand outlays.

As a result of the Budget Enforcement Actof 1990, the measurement of BA changed

in most special and trust funds with legis-latively imposed limitations or benefit for-mulas that constrain the use of BA. Wherepreviously budget authority was the totalincome to the fund, BA in these funds for1990 and subsequent years is now an esti-mate of the obligations to be incurred dur-ing the fiscal year for benefit payments,administration and other expenses of thefund. In some, but not all, cases it waspossible to adjust BA figures for these


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funds for years prior to 1990 to conformto the current concepts.

Although major changes in the way BAis measured for credit programs (begin-

ning in 1992) result from the Budget En-forcement Act, these tables could not bereconstructed to show revised BA figuresfor 1991 and prior years on the new basis.

In its earliest years, the Federal FinancingBank (FFB) was conducted as a revolvingfund, making direct loans to the public orpurchasing loan assets from other fundsor accounts. Each new loan by the FFBrequired new BA. In many cases, if thesame loan were made by the account beingserviced by the FFB, the loan could befinanced from offsetting collections and nonew BA would be recorded. Under termsof the 1985 legislation moving the FFBon-budget, the FFB ceased to make directloans to the public. Instead, it makes loansto the accounts it services, and these ac-counts, in turn, make the loans to the pub-lic. Such loans could be made from newBA or other obligational authority avail-able to the parent account. These tableshave not been reconstructed to shift BApreviously scored in the FFB to the parentaccounts, because there is no technical

way to reconfigure the data.Despite these qualifications there is a desire

for historical data on BA, and this sectionhas been developed to meet that desire.Budget authority data are also provided byfunction in Table 8.9 for various discretionaryprogram groupings.

Notes on Section 6 (Composition ofFederal Government Outlays)

The composition categories in this sectiondivide total outlays (including social security)

into national defense and nondefense compo-nents, and then disaggregate the nondefensespending into several parts:

Payments for individuals: These are Fed-eral Government spending programs de-signed to transfer income (in cash or inkind) to individuals or families. To the ex-tent feasible, this category does not in-clude reimbursements for current servicesrendered to the Government (e.g., salaries

and interest). The payments may be in theform of cash paid directly to individualsor they may take the form of the provisionof services or the payment of bills for ac-tivities largely financed from personal in-come. They include outlays for the provi-sion of medical care (in veterans hospitals,for example) and for the payment of med-ical bills (e.g., medicare). They also includesubsidies to reduce the cost of housingbelow market rates, and food and nutritionassistance (such as food stamps). The database, while not precise, provides a reason-able perspective of the size and composi-tion of income support transfers withinany particular year and trends over time.Section 11 disaggregates the components

of this category. The data in Section 6show a significant amount of payments forindividuals takes the form of grants toState and local governments to financebenefits for the ultimate recipients. Thesegrants include medicaid, some food andnutrition assistance, and a significant por-tion of the housing assistance payments.Sections 11 and 12 provide a more detaileddisaggregation of this spending.

All other grants to State and local govern-

ments: This category consists of the Fed-

eral nondefense grants to State and localgovernments other than grants defined aspayments for individuals. Section 12disaggregates this spending.

Net interest: This category consists of allspending (including offsetting receipts) in-cluded in the functional category net in-terest. Most spending for net interest ispaid to the public as interest on the Fed-eral debt. As shown in Table 3.2, net inter-est includes, as an offset, significantamounts of interest income.

All other: This category consists of all re-maining Federal spending and offsettingreceipts except for those included in thecategory undistributed offsetting re-ceipts. It includes most Federal loan ac-tivities and most Federal spending for for-eign assistance, farm price supports, med-ical and other scientific research, and, ingeneral, Federal direct program oper-ations.


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investment as percentages of total outlaysand as percentages of GDP. Table 9.4disaggregates national defense direct outlays,while Table 9.5 disaggregates nondefense out-lays for major public physical capital invest-

ment. Table 9.6 shows the composition ofgrant outlays for major public physical capitalinvestment.

Table 9.7 provides an overall perspectiveon Federal Government outlays for the conductof R&D. It shows total R&D spending andthe split between national defense and non-defense spending in four forms: in currentdollars, in constant dollars, as percentagesof total outlays, and as percentages of GDP.Table 9.8 shows outlays in current dollarsby major function and program.

Table 9.9 shows outlays for the conductof education and training in current dollarsfor direct Federal programs and for grantsto State and local governments. Total outlaysfor the conduct of education and trainingas a percentage of Federal outlays and inconstant (FY 1996) dollars are also shown.

As with the series on physical capital, severalbudget data sources have been used to developa consistent data series extending back to1962. A discontinuity occurs between 1991and 1992 and affects primarily direct Federal

higher education outlays. For 1991 and earlier,these data include net loan outlays. Beginningin 1992, pursuant to changes in the treatmentof loans as specified in the Credit Reform

Act of 1990, this series includes outlaysfor loan repayments and defaults for loansoriginated in 1991 and earlier and creditsubsidy outlays for loans originated in 1992and later years.

Table 9.9 also excludes education and train-ing outlays for physical capital (which areincluded in Table 9.7) and education and

training outlays for the conduct of researchand development (which are in Table 9.8). Also excluded are education and trainingprograms for Federal civilian and militarypersonnel.

Notes on Section 10 (Implicit OutlayDeflators)

Section 10 consists of Table 10.1, GrossDomestic Product and Deflators Used in the

Historical Tables, which shows the variousimplicit deflators used to convert currentdollar outlays to constant dollars. The constantdollar deflators are based on chain-weighted(FY 1996 chained-dollars) price indexes de-

rived from the National Income and ProductAccounts data.

Notes on Section 11 (FederalGovernment Payments for Individuals)

This section provides detail on outlaysfor Federal Government payments for individ-uals, which are also described in the noteson Section 6. The basic purpose of thepayments for individuals aggregation is toprovide a broad perspective on Federal cash

or in-kind payments for which no currentservice is rendered yet which constitutesincome transfers to individuals and families.Table 11.1 provides an overview display ofthese data in four different forms. All fourof these displays show the total paymentsfor individuals, and the split of this totalbetween grants to State and local governmentsfor payments for individuals (such as medicaidand grants for housing assistance) and allother (direct) payments for individuals.

Table 11.2 shows the functional compositionof payments for individuals (see notes onSection 3 for a description of the functionalclassification), and includes the same grants

versus nongrants (direct) split provided inTable 11.1. The off-budget social securityprogram finances a significant portion ofthe Federal payments for individuals. Thesetables do not distinguish between the on-budget and off-budget payments for individ-uals. However, all payments for individualsshown in Table 11.2 in function 650 (socialsecurity) are off-budget outlays, and all otherpayments for individuals are on-budget. Table

11.3 displays the payments for individualsby major program category.

Notes on Section 12 (Federal Grants To

State and Local Governments)

For several decades the Federal budgetdocuments have provided data on Federalgrants to State and local governments. Thepurpose of these data is to identify FederalGovernment outlays that constitute income


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to State and local governments to help financetheir services and their income transfers(payments for individuals) to the public.Grants generally exclude Federal Governmentpayments for services rendered directly to

the Federal Government; for example, theyexclude most Federal Government paymentsfor research and development, and they ex-clude payments to State social service agenciesfor screening disability insurance beneficiariesfor the Federal disability insurance trustfund.

Table 12.1 provides an overall perspectiveon grants; its structure is similar to thestructure of Table 11.1.

Table 12.2 displays Federal grants by func-

tion (see notes on Section 3 for a descriptionof the functional classification). The bulkof Federal grants are included in the Federalfunds group; however, since the creationof the highway trust fund in 1957, significantamounts of grants have been financed fromtrust funds (see notes to Section 1 for adescription of the difference between Federalfunds and trust funds). All Federal grantsare on-budget. Wherever trust fund outlaysare included in those data, Table 12.2 notonly identifies the total grants by functionbut also shows the split between Federal

funds and trust funds.Table 12.3 provides data on grants at

the account or program level, with an identi-fication of the function, agency, and fundgroup of the payment.

Notes on Section 13 (Social Security and

Medicare)

Over the past several decades the socialsecurity programs (the Federal old-age andsurvivors insurance (OASI) and the Federal

disability insurance (DI) trust funds) andthe medicare programs (the Federal hospitalinsurance (HI) and the Federal supplementarymedical insurance (SMI) trust funds) havegrown to be among the largest parts ofthe Federal budget. Because of the size,the rates of growth, and the specializedfinancing of these programs, policy analystsfrequently wish to identify these activitiesseparately from all other Federal taxes andspending. As discussed in the introductory

notes, the two social security funds areoff-budget, while the medicare funds areon-budget. As Table 13.1 shows, the firstof these funds (OASI) began in 1937. Thetable shows the annual transactions of that

fund and of the other funds beginning withtheir points of origin.

The table provides detailed informationabout social security and medicare by fund.It shows total cash income (including offsettingreceipts) by fund, separately identifying socialinsurance taxes and contributions,intragovernmental income, and proprietaryreceipts from the public. Virtually all ofthe proprietary receipts from the public, espe-cially those for the supplementary medicalinsurance trust fund, are medicare insurance

premiums. The table shows the income, outgo,and surplus or deficit of each fund foreach year, and also shows the balancesof the funds available for future requirements.Most of these fund balances are investedin public debt securities and constitute asignificant portion of the debt held by Govern-ment accounts (see Table 7.1).

The SMI fund, which was established in1967, is financed primarily by payments fromFederal funds and secondarily by medicalinsurance premiums (proprietary receipts from

the public). The other three trust fundsare financed primarily by social insurancetaxes. The law establishing the rate andbase of these taxes allocates the tax receiptsamong the three funds.

The table shows significant transfers byOASI and DI to the railroad retirementsocial security equivalent account. These trans-fers are equal to the additional amountsof money social security would have hadto pay, less additional receipts it wouldhave collected, if the rail labor force hadbeen included directly under social security

since the inception of the social securityprogram.

In 1983, when the OASI fund ran shortof money, Congress passed legislation that(a) provided for a one-time acceleration ofmilitary service credit payments to thesetrust funds, (b) provided for a Federal fundpayment to OASDI for the estimated valueof checks issued in prior years and chargedto the trust funds but never cashed, (c)


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required that the Treasury make paymentsto OASDHI on the first day of the monthfor the estimated amounts of their socialinsurance taxes to be collected over thecourse of each month (thereby increasing

each affected trust funds balances at thebeginning of the month), and (d) subjectedsome social security benefits to Federal incomeor other taxes and provided for paymentsby Federal funds to social security of amountsequal to these additional taxes. Additionally,in 1983 the OASI fund borrowed from theDI and HI funds (the tables show the amountsof such borrowing and repayments of bor-rowing). The large intragovernmental collec-tions by OASDHI in 1983 are a resultof the transactions described under (a) and(b) above. Also starting in 1983, OASI beganpaying interest to DI and HI to reimbursethem for the balances OASI borrowed fromthem; OASDHI paid interest to Treasuryto compensate it for the balances transferredto these funds on the first day of eachmonth. The legal requirement for Treasuryto make payments on the first day of themonth, and the associated interest payment,ended in 1985 for HI and in 1991 forOASI and DI.

Notes on Section 14 (Federal Sector

Transactions in the National Incomeand Product Accounts)

The principal system used in the UnitedStates for measuring total economic activityis the system of national income and productaccounts (NIPA), which provide calculationsof the GDP and related data series. Thesedata are produced by the Bureau of Economic

Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Com-merce. As part of this work the BEA staffanalyze the budget data base and estimatetransactions consistent with this measurement

system. The NIPA data are normally producedfor calendar years and quarters. Section 14provides Federal Sector NIPA data on afiscal year basis.

Notes on Section 15 (Total (Federal andState and Local) Government Finances)

Section 15 provides a perspective on thesize and composition of total Government(Federal, State, and local) receipts and spend-

ing. Both the Bureau of the Census andthe Bureau of Economic Analysis in theCommerce Department provide information(in the national income and product accounts(NIPA) data) on income and spending for

all levels of government in the United States.These tables include the NIPA State andlocal transactions with the Federal Govern-ment (deducting the amount of overlap dueto Federal grants to State and local govern-ments) to measure total Government receiptsand spending on a fiscal year basis.

Notes on Section 16 (Federal HealthSpending)

Section 16 consists of Table 16.1, TotalOutlays for Health Programs. This tableshows a broad definition of total Federalhealth spending by type of health program,including defense and veterans health pro-grams, medicare, medicaid, Federal employeeshealth benefits and other health spending.It also shows Federal health spending aspercentages of total outlays and of GDP.

Notes on Section 17 (FederalEmployment)

Section 17 provides an overview of the

size and scope of the Federal work force.The measures of Federal employment cur-rently in use are end-strength and full-time equivalents (FTEs). End-strength is themeasure of total positions filled at the endof the fiscal year, representing a head countof all paid employees.

Federal employment in the ExecutiveBranch, however, is controlled on the basisof FTEs. Full-time equivalent (FTE) employ-ment is the measure of the total numberof regular (non-overtime) hours worked byan employee divided by the number of compen-sable hours applicable to each fiscal year.

A typical FTE workyear is equal to 2,080hours. Put simply, one full-time employeecounts as one FTE, and two employees whowork half-time count as one FTE. FTE datahave been collected for Executive Branchagencies since 1981.

The tables included in this section illustratethe size of the governmental work forcesutilizing these measures. Table 17.1 shows


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the end-strength of the Executive Branchand selected agencies starting in 1940. Table17.2 shows the end-strength of the ExecutiveBranch and selected agencies as a percentageof total Executive Branch employment startingin 1940. Table 17.3 shows FTEs for theExecutive Branch and selected agencies for

1981 and subsequent years; Table 17.4 showsthese FTEs as a percentage of total ExecutiveBranch FTEs. Table 17.5 shows a comparisonof the end-strengths of Federal employmentand State and local government employment,and the total of the two as a percentageof the U.S. population in each year.


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15

HISTORICAL TRENDS

Because the Historical Tables publicationprovides a large volume and wide arrayof data on Federal Government finances,it is sometimes difficult to perceive the longerterm patterns in various budget aggregatesand components. To assist the reader inunderstanding some of these longer termpatterns, this section provides a short sum-mary of the trends in Federal deficits andsurpluses, debt, receipts, outlays and employ-ment.

Deficits and Debt. As shown in Table1.1, except for periods of war (when spendingfor defense increased sharply), depressionsor other economic downturns (when receiptsfell precipitously), the Federal budget wasgenerally in surplus throughout most of theNations first 200 years. For our first 60years as a Nation (through 1849), cumulativebudget surpluses and deficits yielded a netsurplus of $70 million. The Civil War, alongwith the Spanish-American War and thedepression of the 1890s, resulted in a cumu-lative deficit totaling just under $1 billionduring the 18501900 period. Between 1901

and 1916, the budget hovered very closeto balance every year. World War I broughtlarge deficits that totaled $23 billion overthe 19171919 period. The budget was thenin surplus throughout the 1920s. However,the combination of the Great Depressionfollowed by World War II resulted in along, unbroken string of deficits that werehistorically unprecedented in magnitude. Asa result, Federal debt held by the publicmushroomed from less than $3 billion in1917 to $16 billion in 1930 and then to$242 billion by 1946. In relation to the

size of the economy, debt held by the publicgrew from 16% of GDP in 1930 to 109%in 1946.

During much of the postwar period, thissame pattern persistedlarge deficits wereincurred only in time of war (e.g., Koreaand Vietnam) or as a result of recessions.

As shown in Table 1.2, prior to the 1980s,postwar deficits as a percent of GDP reachedtheir highest during the 197576 recession

at 4.2% in 1976. Debt held by the publichad grown to $477 billion by 1976, but,because the economy had grown faster, debtas a percent of GDP had declined throughoutthe postwar period to a low of 23.8% in1974, climbing back to 27.5% in 1976. Fol-lowing five years of deficits averaging 2.5%of GDP between 1977-1981, debt held bythe public stood at 25.8% of GDP by 1981,only two percentage points higher than itspostwar low.

The traditional pattern of running largedeficits only in times of war or economic

downturns was broken during the rest ofthe 1980s. In 1982, large tax cuts wereenacted as were substantial increases indefense spending. Reductions in nondefensespending were not sufficient to offset theimpact on the deficit. As a result, deficitsaveraging $207 billion were incurred between1983 and 1992. These unprecedented peace-time deficits increased debt held by thepublic from $789 billion in 1981 to $3.0trillion (48.2% of GDP) in 1992.

Since peaking at $290 billion in 1992,

deficits have declined each year, droppingto a level of $22 billion in 1997. In 1998,the Nation recorded its first budget surplus($69.2 billion) since 1969. As a percent ofGDP, the budget bottom line went froma deficit of 4.7% in 1992 to a surplusof 0.8% in 1998, increasing to a 2.4% surplusin 2000. Debt held by the public, whichpeaked at 49.5% of GDP in 1993, has fallento 34.7% in 2000.

Receipts. From the beginning of the Re-public until the start of the Civil War,

our Nation relied on customs duties to financethe activities of the Federal Government.During the 19th Century, sales of publiclands supplemented customs duties. Whilelarge amounts were occasionally obtained fromthe sale of lands, customs duties accountedfor over 90% of Federal receipts in mostyears prior to the Civil War. Excise taxesbecame an important and growing sourceof Federal receipts starting in the 1860s.Estate and gift taxes were levied and collected


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sporadically from the 1860s through WorldWar I, although never amounting to a signifi-cant source of receipts during that time.Prior to 1913, income taxes did not existor were inconsequential, other than for a

brief time during the Civil War period, whenspecial tax legislation raised the income taxshare of Federal receipts to as much as13% in 1866. Subsequent to the enactmentof income tax legislation in 1913, thesetaxes grew in importance as a Federal receiptssource during following decade. By 1930,the Federal Government was relying on in-come taxes for 60% of its receipts, whilecustoms duties and excise taxes each ac-counted for 15% of the receipts total.

During the 1930s, total Federal receipts

averaged about 5% of GDP. World WarII brought a dramatic increase in receipts,with the Federal receipts share of GDPpeaking at 20.9% in 1944. The share declinedsomewhat after the war and has remainedbetween 16% - 20% of GDP during thepast four decades. In recent years, receiptshave increased as a share of GDP -- from17.5% in 1992 to 20.6% in 2000. Therehave been some significant shifts duringthe post-war period in the underlying sourcesor composition of receipts.

The increase in taxes needed to supportthe war effort in the 1940s saw the incometax rise to prominence as a source of Federalreceipts, reaching nearly 80% of total receiptsin 1944. After the war, the income taxshare of total receipts fell from a postwarhigh of 74% in 1952 to 64% in the late1960s. The growth in social insurance taxes(such as social security and medicare) morethan offset a postwar secular decline inexcise and other non-income tax shares. Thecombination of substantial reductions in in-come taxes enacted in the early 1980s and

the continued growth in social insurancetaxes resulted in a continued decline inthe income tax share of total receipts. By1983 income taxes had dropped to 54% oftotal receipts, where it remained until themid-1990s. Since 1994, the income tax shareof total receipts has increased, reaching 60%in 2000.

Corporation income taxes accounted for alarge part of this postwar decline in total

income tax share, falling from 30% of totalFederal receipts in the early 1950s to 20%in 1969. During the same period, pretaxcorporate profits fell from about 12% ofGDP in the early 1950s to 10% in 1968.By 1980 the corporation income tax shareof total receipts had dropped to 12.5%. Duringthe 1980s, pretax corporate profits declinedas a percent of GDP and, thus, the corporationincome tax share dropped to a low of 6.2%in 1983 By 1996, the share had climbedback to 11.8%. It dropped back to 10.2%by 2000, which is still below the 1980share. This sharp drop in corporation incometax share of total receipts was more thanoffset by the growth in social insurancetaxes, as both tax rates and percentage

of the workforce covered by these payrolltaxes increased. Social insurance taxes in-creased from only 8% of total receipts duringthe mid-1940s to 38% by 1992, but havedeclined to 32% by 2000. Excise taxes havealso declined in relative importance duringthe postwar period, falling from a 19% sharein 1950 to slightly over 3% currently.

Outlays and Federal employment.Through-out most of the Nations history prior tothe 1930s, the bulk of Federal spendingwent towards national defense, veterans bene-fits and interest on the public debt. In1929, for example, 71% of Federal outlayswere in these three categories. The 1930sbegan with Federal outlays comprising just3.4% of GDP. As shown in Table 1.2, theefforts to fight the Great Depression withpublic works and other nondefense Federalspending, when combined with the depressedGDP levels, caused outlays and their shareof GDP to increase steadily during mostof that decade, with outlays rising to 10.3%of GDP by 1939 and to 12.0% by 1941on the eve of U.S. involvement in World

War II. Defense spending during World WarII resulted in outlays as a percent of GDPrising sharply, to a peak of 43.7% in 1944.The end of the war brought total spendingdown to 14.3% of GDP by 1949. Then theKorean war increased spending to an average19.5% of GDP for a few years in the early1950s, but outlays as a percent of GDPthen stabilized at around 1719% until U.S.involvement in the Vietnam war escalatedsharply in the middle 1960s and early 1970s.


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Defense discretionary spending was at 9.2%of GDP in 1962. As shown in Table 8.4,spending in this category had declined to7.4% of GDP by 1965, then increased asa result of the Vietnam War. After peaking

at 9.5% of GDP in 1968, it returned tothe 1965 level by 1971. The decline continuedthroughout the 1970s, hitting a low pointin this decade of 4.7% of GDP in 1979.The defense buildup starting in the early1980s boosted its percentage of GDP backto 6.2% by 1986, after which it again begana gradual decline throughout the rest ofthat decade. By 2000, defense discretionaryspending stood at 3.0% of GDP, reflectingthe impact of the end of the Cold Waron our Nations defense requirements andthe significant economic growth during muchof the 1990s.

Nondefense discretionary spending as apercent of GDP has followed a much differentpath. In 1962, it stood at 3.4% of GDP.During the next few years it quickly increased,reaching 4.2% of GDP by 1967. It droppedslightly after that year, but still averagedabout 4.0% of GDP until 1975, when itsurged to 4.5% of GDP due to the recessionand partly due to growth in spending onenergy, the environment, housing and otherincome support programs. Much of this growth

was in the form of Federal grants to Stateand local governments. Additional grantspending arose from the creation of GeneralRevenue Sharing in 1972 and various anti-recession grants at the end of the decade.Nondefense discretionary outlays peaked asa percent of GDP during the recession in1980 at 5.2%. They declined sharply asa percent of GDP starting in 1982, falling

to 3.9% by 1985 and to 3.5% during the19871991 period. Spending for these pro-grams has increased slightly as a percent

of GDP, climbing to 3.8% by 1993 before

falling back in subsequent years, reachinga low of 3.2% in 1998 and 1999.

Programmatic mandatory spending (whichexcludes net interest and undistributed offset-

ting receipts) accounts for a large part ofthe growth in total Federal spending as

a percent of GDP since the 1950s. Majorprograms in this category include social secu-rity, medicare, deposit insurance and means-

tested entitlements (medicaid, aid to depend-

ent children, food stamps and other programs

subject to an income test). Prior to the

start of medicare and medicaid in 1966,

this category averaged 5.7% of GDP between

1962 and 1965 (less than half the size

of total discretionary spending), with social

security accounting for nearly half. Within

a decade, this category was comparable in

size to total discretionary spending, nearly

doubling as a percent of GDP to 10.6%

by 1976 (1.1% of which was for unemployment

compensation that year).

Although part of this growth represented

the impact of the 197576 recession on GDPlevels and outlays for unemployment com-

pensation, the largest part was due to growth

in social security, medicare and medicaid.

These three programs totaled 3.4% of GDP

in 1968 and grew rapidly to 5.5% of GDP

by 1976. While social security stabilized as

a percent of GDP during 19851997, rangingfrom 4.3% to 4.6%, the growth in other

programmatic mandatory spending has contin-

ued to outpace the growth in GDP since

the mid-1970s (apart from recession recovery

periods) due largely to medicare and medicaid.

These two programs, which were 1.2% of

GDP in 1975, have more than doubled as

a percent of GDP since then, reaching 3.5%

in 1997, dropping slightly to 3.2% in 1999and 2000. Excluding medicaid, spending for

means-tested entitlements in 2000 was at

1.1% percent of GDP, less than it was

twenty-five years ago in 1975. By way of

contrast, the remaining programmatic manda-

tory spending i.e, excluding medicare, unem-ployment compensation, social security, deposit

insurance and means-tested entitlementshas been more than halved as a percent

of GDP, falling from 3.2% in 1975 to 1.5%

in 1999 and 2000. (Major programs in this

grouping include Federal employee and rail-

road retirement, farm price supports andveterans compensation and readjustment ben-efits.) Nevertheless, total programmatic man-

datory spending in 2000 was still 10.1%

of GDP compared to 6.3% for total discre-

tionary spending.

Additional perspectives on spending trends

available in this document include spending

by agency, by function and subfunction and

by composition of outlays categories, which


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Table 1.1SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(): 17892006

(in millions of dollars)

Year

Total On-Budget Off-Budget

Receipts Outlays Surplus orDeficit ()


Receipts Outlays Surplus oDeficit ()

17891849 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,160 1,090 70 1,160 1,090 70 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .18501900 ..................................................................... 14,462 15,453 991 14,462 15,453 991 .................. .................. ................

1901 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 588 525 63 588 525 63 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1902 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 562 485 77 562 485 77 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1903 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 562 517 45 562 517 45 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1904 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 541 584 43 541 584 43 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

1905 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 544 567 23 544 567 23 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1906 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 595 570 25 595 570 25 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1907 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 666 579 87 666 579 87 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1908 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 602 659 57 602 659 57 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1909 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 604 694 89 604 694 89 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

1910 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 676 694 18 676 694 18 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1911 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 702 691 11 702 691 11 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1912 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 693 690 3 693 690 3 . ... .. .. .. ... .. .. . . .. .. ... .. ... .. ... . .. ... .. .. .. ... .1913 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 714 715 * 714 715 * . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1914 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 725 726 * 725 726 * . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

1915 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 683 746 63 683 746 63 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1916 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 761 713 48 761 713 48 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1917 ............................................................................... 1,101 1,954 853 1,101 1,954 853 .................. .................. ................1918 ............................................................................... 3,645 12,677 9,032 3,645 12,677 9,032 .................. .................. ................1919 ............................................................................... 5,130 18,493 13,363 5,130 18,493 13,363 .................. .................. ................

1920 ............................................................................... 6,649 6,358 291 6,649 6,358 291 .................. .................. ................1921 ............................................................................... 5,571 5,062 509 5,571 5,062 509 .................. .................. ................1922 ............................................................................... 4,026 3,289 736 4,026 3,289 736 .................. .................. ................1923 ............................................................................... 3,853 3,140 713 3,853 3,140 713 .................. .................. ................1924 ............................................................................... 3,871 2,908 963 3,871 2,908 963 .................. .................. ................

1925 ............................................................................... 3,641 2,924 717 3,641 2,924 717 .................. .................. ................1926 ............................................................................... 3,795 2,930 865 3,795 2,930 865 .................. .................. ................1927 ............................................................................... 4,013 2,857 1,155 4,013 2,857 1,155 .................. .................. ................1928 ............................................................................... 3,900 2,961 939 3,900 2,961 939 .................. .................. ................1929 ............................................................................... 3,862 3,127 734 3,862 3,127 734 .................. .................. ................

1930 ............................................................................... 4,058 3,320 738 4,058 3,320 738 .................. .................. ................1931 ............................................................................... 3,116 3,577 462 3,116 3,577 462 .................. .................. ................1932 ............................................................................... 1,924 4,659 2,735 1,924 4,659 2,735 .................. .................. ................1933 ............................................................................... 1,997 4,598 2,602 1,997 4,598 2,602 .................. .................. ................1934 ............................................................................... 2,955 6,541 3,586 2,955 6,541 3,586 .................. .................. ................

1935 ............................................................................... 3,609 6,412 2,803 3,609 6,412 2,803 .................. .................. ................1936 ............................................................................... 3,923 8,228 4,304 3,923 8,228 4,304 .................. .................. ................1937 ............................................................................... 5,387 7,580 2,193 5,122 7,582 2,460 265 2 2671938 ............................................................................... 6,751 6,840 89 6,364 6,850 486 387 10 3971939 ............................................................................... 6,295 9,141 2,846 5,792 9,154 3,362 503 13 516

1940 ............................................................................... 6,548 9,468 2,920 5,998 9,482 3,484 550 14 5641941 ............................................................................... 8,712 13,653 4,941 8,024 13,618 5,594 688 35 6531942 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 14,634 35,137 20,503 13,738 35,071 21,333 896 66 830

1943 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 24,001 78,555 54,554 22,871 78,466 55,595 1,130 89 1,041944 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 43,747 91,304 47,557 42,455 91,190 48,735 1,292 114 1,178

1945 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 45,159 92,712 47,553 43,849 92,569 48,720 1,310 143 1,1671946 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 39,296 55,232 15,936 38,057 55,022 16,964 1,238 210 1,0281947 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 38,514 34,496 4,018 37,055 34,193 2,861 1,459 303 1,1571948 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 41,560 29,764 11,796 39,944 29,396 10,548 1,616 368 1,2481949 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 39,415 38,835 580 37,724 38,408 684 1,690 427 1,263

1950 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 39,443 42,562 3,119 37,336 42,038 4,702 2,106 524 1,5831951 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 51,616 45,514 6,102 48,496 44,237 4,259 3,120 1,277 1,8431952 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 66,167 67,686 1,519 62,573 65,956 3,383 3,594 1,730 1,8641953 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 69,608 76,101 6,493 65,511 73,771 8,259 4,097 2,330 1,7661954 .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. 69,701 70,855 1,154 65,112 67,943 2,831 4,589 2,912 1,677

See footnote at end of table.


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Table 1.2SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS() AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 19302006Continued

Year

GDP(in bil-lions ofdollars)

Total On-Budget Off-Budget

Receipts OutlaysSurplus

orDeficit ()


orDeficit ()


orDeficit (

1985 ....................................................................................... 4,136.6 17.7 22.9 5.1 13.2 18.6 5.4 4.5 4.3 0.21986 ....................................................................................... 4,401.4 17.5 22.5 5.0 12.9 18.3 5.4 4.5 4.2 0.41987 ....................................................................................... 4,647.0 18.4 21.6 3.2 13.8 17.4 3.6 4.6 4.2 0.41988 ....................................................................................... 5,014.7 18.1 21.2 3.1 13.3 17.2 3.9 4.8 4.0 0.81989 ....................................................................................... 5,405.5 18.3 21.2 2.8 13.5 17.3 3.8 4.9 3.9 1.0

1990 ....................................................................................... 5,735.6 18.0 21.8 3.9 13.1 17.9 4.8 4.9 3.9 1.01991 ....................................................................................... 5,930.4 17.8 22.3 4.5 12.8 18.3 5.4 5.0 4.1 0.91992 ....................................................................................... 6,218.6 17.5 22.2 4.7 12.7 18.2 5.5 4.9 4.1 0.81993 ....................................................................................... 6,558.4 17.6 21.5 3.9 12.8 17.4 4.6 4.8 4.1 0.71994 ....................................................................................... 6,944.6 18.1 21.1 2.9 13.3 17.0 3.7 4.8 4.0 0.8

1995 ....................................................................................... 7,324.0 18.5 20.7 2.2 13.7 16.8 3.1 4.8 3.9 0.91996 ....................................................................................... 7,694.6 18.9 20.3 1.4 14.1 16.4 2.3 4.8 3.9 0.91997 ....................................................................................... 8,185.2 19.3 19.6 0.3 14.5 15.8 1.3 4.8 3.8 1.01998 ....................................................................................... 8,673.5 19.9 19.1 0.8 15.1 15.4 0.3 4.8 3.7 1.1999 ....................................................................................... 9,130.4 20.0 18.7 1.4 15.1 15.1 * 4.9 3.5 1.4

2000 ....................................................................................... 9,824.4 20.6 18.2 2.4 15.7 14.8 0.9 4.9 3.4 1.5

2001 estimate ........................................................................ 1 0,312.7 20.7 18.0 2.7 15.8 14.6 1.2 4.9 3.4 1.52002 estimate ........................................................................ 1 0,857.8 20.2 18.1 2.1 15.3 14.7 0.5 4.9 3.3 1.62003 estimate ........................................................................ 1 1,445.8 19.7 17.6 2.1 14.8 14.4 0.4 4.9 3.2 1.72004 estimate ........................................................................ 1 2,059.2 19.4 17.2 2.2 14.5 14.1 0.4 4.9 3.1 1.7

2005 estimate ........................................................................ 1 2,701.2 19.2 17.1 2.1 14.2 14.0 0.3 5.0 3.1 1.92006 estimate ........................................................................ 1 3,375.7 18.9 16.6 2.3 14.0 13.6 0.4 4.9 3.0 1.9

* 0.05 percent or less.Note: Budget figures prior to 1933 are based on the Administrative Budget concepts rather than the Unified Budget concepts.


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Table 1.3SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS() IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 1996) DOLLARS, ANDAS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 19402006

(dollar amounts in billions)

Fiscal Year

In Current Dollars In Constant (FY 1996 Dollars)Addendum:Composite

Deflator

As Percentages of GDP

Receipts OutlaysSurplus orDeficit () Receipts Outlays

Surplus orDeficit () Receipts Outlays

Surplus orDeficit ()

1940 .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... 6.5 9.5 2.9 65.2 94.3 29.1 0.1004 6.8 9.8 3.01941 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 8.7 13.7 4.9 82.4 129.2 46.7 0.1057 7.6 12.0 4.31942 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 14.6 35.1 20.5 124.0 297.8 173.8 0.1180 10.1 24.4 14.21943 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 24.0 78.6 54.6 186.8 611.3 424.5 0.1285 13.3 43.6 30.31944 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 43.7 91.3 47.6 361.8 755.2 393.4 0.1209 20.9 43.7 22.8

1945 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 45.2 92.7 47.6 391.7 804.1 412.4 0.1153 20.4 41.9 21.51946 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 39.3 55.2 15.9 326.1 458.4 132.3 0.1205 17.6 24.8 7.21947 .................................... 38.5 34.5 4.0 285.1 255.3 29.7 0.1351 16.4 14.7 1.71948 .................................... 41.6 29.8 11.8 305.4 218.7 86.7 0.1361 16.2 11.6 4.61949 .................................... 39.4 38.8 0.6 297.2 292.9 4.4 0.1326 14.5 14.3 0.2

1950 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 39.4 42.6 3.1 289.6 312.5 22.9 0.1362 14.4 15.6 1.11951 .................................... 51.6 45.5 6.1 369.7 326.0 43.7 0.1396 16.1 14.2 1.91952 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 66.2 67.7 1.5 472.6 483.5 10.8 0.1400 19.0 19.4 0.41953 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 69.6 76.1 6.5 466.9 510.4 43.5 0.1491 18.6 20.4 1.7

1954 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 69.7 70.9 1.2 449.4 456.8 7.4 0.1551 18.4 18.7 0.3

1955 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 65.5 68.4 3.0 412.4 431.3 18.9 0.1587 16.6 17.3 0.81956 .................................... 74.6 70.6 3.9 449.6 425.8 23.8 0.1659 17.4 16.5 0.91957 .................................... 80.0 76.6 3.4 462.1 442.4 19.7 0.1731 17.7 17.0 0.81958 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 79.6 82.4 2.8 435.6 450.8 15.1 0.1828 17.3 17.9 0.61959 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 79.2 92.1 12.8 425.6 494.6 69.0 0.1862 16.1 18.7 2.6

1960 .................................... 92.5 92.2 0.3 494.6 493.0 1.6 0.1870 17.8 17.8 0.11961 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 94.4 97.7 3.3 491.9 509.2 17.4 0.1919 17.7 18.4 0.61962 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 99.7 106.8 7.1 519.7 556.9 37.3 0.1918 17.5 18.8 1.31963 .................................... 106.6 111.3 4.8 533.1 556.9 23.8 0.1999 17.8 18.6 0.81964 .................................... 112.6 118.5 5.9 555.8 585.0 29.2 0.2026 17.6 18.5 0.9

1965 .................................... 116.8 118.2 1.4 568.7 575.6 6.9 0.2054 17.0 17.2 0.21966 .................................... 130.8 134.5 3.7 619.5 637.0 17.5 0.2112 17.3 17.8 0.51967 .................................... 148.8 157.5 8.6 680.2 719.7 39.5 0.2188 18.3 19.4 1.11968 .................................... 153.0 178.1 25.2 669.2 779.2 110.1 0.2286 17.6 20.5 2.91969 .................................... 186.9 183.6 3.2 770.6 757.3 13.4 0.2425 19.7 19.3 0.3

1970 .................................... 192.8 195.6 2.8 750.5 761.6 11.1 0.2569 19.0 19.3 0.31971 .................................... 187.1 210.2 23.0 684.0 768.2 84.2 0.2736 17.3 19.4 2.11972 .................................... 207.3 230.7 23.4 711.4 791.6 80.2 0.2914 17.5 19.5 2.01973 .................................... 230.8 245.7 14.9 750.8 799.3 48.5 0.3074 17.6 18.8 1.11974 .................................... 263.2 269.4 6.1 792.4 810.8 18.5 0.3322 18.3 18.7 0.4

1975 .................................... 279.1 332.3 53.2 763.6 909.3 145.7 0.3655 17.9 21.3 3.41976 .................................... 298.1 371.8 73.7 760.0 948.0 188.0 0.3922 17.2 21.4 4.2TQ ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81.2 96.0 14.7 200.9 237.3 36.5 0.4044 17.9 21.1 3.21977 .................................... 355.6 409.2 53.7 838.2 964.7 126.5 0.4242 18.0 20.8 2.71978 .................................... 399.6 458.7 59.2 883.2 1,014.0 130.8 0.4524 18.0 20.7 2.71979 .................................... 463.3 504.0 40.7 944.9 1,028.0 83.1 0.4903 18.5 20.1 1.6

1980 .................................... 517.1 590.9 73.8 956.0 1,092.5 136.5 0.5409 18.9 21.6 2.71981 .................................... 599.3 678.2 79.0 1,004.6 1,137.0 132.4 0.5965 19.6 22.2 2.6

1982 .................................... 617.8 745.8 128.0 967.4 1,167.8 200.4 0.6386 19.1 23.1 4.01983 .................................... 600.6 808.4 207.8 898.8 1,209.8 311.0 0.6682 17.5 23.5 6.01984 .................................... 666.5 851.9 185.4 950.4 1,214.7 264.3 0.7013 17.4 22.2 4.8

1985 .................................... 734.1 946.4 212.3 1,012.0 1,304.7 292.7 0.7254 17.7 22.9 5.11986 .................................... 769.2 990.5 221.2 1,034.9 1,332.5 297.7 0.7433 17.5 22.5 5.01987 .................................... 854.4 1,004.1 149.8 1,118.7 1,314.8 196.1 0.7637 18.4 21.6 3.21988 .................................... 909.3 1,064.5 155.2 1,154.1 1,351.0 197.0 0.7879 18.1 21.2 3.11989 .................................... 991.2 1,143.7 152.5 1,213.1 1,399.7 186.6 0.8171 18.3 21.2 2.8

1990 .................................... 1,032.0 1,253.2 221.2 1,221.7 1,483.6 261.9 0.8447 18.0 21.8 3.91991 .................................... 1,055.0 1,324.4 269.4 1,196.2 1,501.6 305.4 0.8820 17.8 22.3 4.51992 .................................... 1,091.3 1,381.7 290.4 1,196.7 1,515.2 318.5 0.9119 17.5 22.2 4.71993 .................................... 1,154.4 1,409.5 255.1 1,234.8 1,507.7 272.9 0.9349 17.6 21.5 3.91994 .................................... 1,258.6 1,461.9 203.3 1,318.9 1,531.9 213.0 0.9543 18.1 21.1 2.9


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Table 1.3SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS() IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 1996) DOLLARS, ANDAS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 19402006Continued

(dollar amounts in billions)

Fiscal Year

In Current Dollars In Constant (FY 1996 Dollars) Addendum:Composite

Deflator

As Percentages of GDP




1995 .................................... 1,351.8 1,515.8 164.0 1,383.7 1,551.5 167.9 0.9770 18.5 20.7 2.21996 .................................... 1,453.1 1,560.6 107.5 1,453.1 1,560.6 107.5 1.0000 18.9 20.3 1.41997 .................................... 1,579.3 1,601.3 22.0 1,547.3 1,568.8 21.5 1.0207 19.3 19.6 0.31998 .................................... 1,721.8 1,652.6 69.2 1,665.7 1,598.7 66.9 1.0337 19.9 19.1 0.81999 .................................... 1,827.5 1,702.9 124.6 1,738.4 1,619.9 118.5 1.0512 20.0 18.7 1.4

2000 .................................... 2,025.2 1,788.8 236.4 1,878.9 1,659.5 219.3 1.0779 20.6 18.2 2.42001 estimate ..................... 2,136.9 1,856.2 280.7 1,931.8 1,678.0 253.8 1.1062

2002 Federal Budget Historical Tables

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Transcript of 2002 Federal Budget Historical Tables