Mies Van Der Rohe Modernism Late 19 th Century/Early 20 th Century
20 th century Iran
description
Transcript of 20 th century Iran
20th century Iran
Westoxication &
the Revolution
*see notes pagesfor more info on
some slides
Source: Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collectionhttp://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_middle_east/iran_timeline.jpg
Gharbzadeg or Westoxication
Push and Pull of the Modernization
1938 Time Magazine
Cover Story – “20th Century Darius”
The Pahlavi Dynasty - the Mythic Persian Conqueror,
though looking very Western in this photo.
Grows increasingly autocraticrather than constitutional as the 1905-1911 crisis
dictated he should.
Westoxication = fear of continued political, economic, and cultural subordination to the West
• Safavid used State-sponsored Shi’ism
• Qajar monarchs allowed semi-feudal regionalism in exchange for support of their title (in name only)
• Pahlavis attempt to create an historic sense of Persian identity based on pre-Islamic civilization.
Central problem of early modern Persia - How does one keep this land united?
White Revolution – Western style modernizationPromises never quite meet the reality of rural life.Leads to further feelings of Westoxication as traditionalculture is viewed as one target of Shah’s reforms by conservativeClerics such as Ayatollah Khomeini
Westoxication = royal decadence
financed by oil wealth
Persepolis – October, 1971Festivities cost est. $500 million*
*Source: Geoffrey Wawro, Naval College ReviewVol. LV, No.1, Winter 2002.Image Sources: http://badraie.com/parade.htmhttp://blogs.salon.com/0001301/2003/03/15.html
Vs.
The West (materialism & immorality)SAVAK (tyranny & torture)
Islam (morality & duty)Iran (independence & pride)
The Sides according to the Revolutionaries
Power Structure of Iran post 1979 Revolution
Electorate
Supreme Leader
Element of theocracy introduced into the democratic process
to ensure that un-Islamic abuses (ie. Westoxication) does not happen
Women and Youth in Post-Revolutionary Iran
Are they ardent supporters, wavering adherents, or adamant opponents?
Source: BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/04/middle_east_iran_hostage_crisis/html/1.stm
Source: Women’s Socio-Cultural Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran http://www.iranwomen.org/zanan/english/statis.htm
Progress Stagnation
Women dominate in lower level postsIn line with global patterns, exceptional compared to many Islamic nations, but does it meet the expectations of those who supported the Revolution?
Source: BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2936772.stm
Source: Seattle Post-Intelligencerhttp://seattlepi.nwsource.com/othersports/2050AP_SOC_Iran_Female_Soccer_Fans.html
Chador – flowing outer garment that covers the hijab (headscarf), blouse, and skirt. Used to conformwith Islamic dress codes for womenin public post 1979.
In Spring of 2006, Ayatollah KhameneiUpholds prohibition barring women fromattending soccer matches. These womenwatch through a fence.
Women & “Islamic Dress”
1990 & 2000s
Generation born after the revolution is in its twenties. Is it still relevant to them?
Source: http://www.iranian.com/Covers/2004/August/aug20.jpg
Youth Unemployment 1997-2002
Source: Iranian Youth Today http://www.nyoir.org/ENG/Iranian-Youth-Today-Employment.htm
70% of population is under 30 in 2006
The Revolution seems like their parents’ past to many.The present is about the lack of opportunity to a great number.
May 24th, 2006 Student Riots in TehranTriggered by dismissal of reformist professors and interference in
university affairs by militia groups (conservative forces)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2005
reformist
reformist
former president (mixed)conservative
Election of 2005 - controversial referendum on reform vs. hard-line revolutionaries
"Do you think you are dealing with a 4-year-old child to whom you can give some walnuts and chocolates and get gold from him?"
“Iran's achievements in all fields further motivates the vigilance of the world's free and independent nations, which eventually will lead to the downfall of the global arrogance"
Source: http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/05/25/iran.nukes/index.html *see notes pages
Rattle the saber a bit, and unemployment and the culturepolice might be forgotten, but for how long?????