20 - Innovating Food, Innovating the Law - Aldo Prandini
-
Upload
fondazione-giannino-bassetti -
Category
Education
-
view
919 -
download
1
description
Transcript of 20 - Innovating Food, Innovating the Law - Aldo Prandini
The identification of potentially emerging The identification of potentially emerging food safety issues: an analysis of reports food safety issues: an analysis of reports published by the European Community's published by the European Community's
Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) (RASFF)
A. PRANDINI
S. SIGOLO
ISTITUTO DI SCIENZE DEGLI ALIMENTI ISTITUTO DI SCIENZE DEGLI ALIMENTI E DELLA NUTRIZIONE – U.C.S.C.E DELLA NUTRIZIONE – U.C.S.C.
REASONS OF THE CALL
SAFE FOODS
Project- Promoting Food Safety through a New Integrated Risk Analysis Approach for Foods. (2004-2008, 37 partner, 21 nations)
G.A. Kleter, A. Prandini, L. Filippi, H.J.P. Marvin, 2009. Identification of potentially emerging food safety issues by analysis of reports published by the European Community’s Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) during a four-year period. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47, 932-950.
WHAT IS THE RASFF?
A rapid alert system, established as a network, for the notification
of a direct or indirect risk to human health deriving from food
or feed.
THE SCOPE OF THE RASFF
The purpose of the RASFF is to provide the control authorities with an effective tool for exchange of
information on measures taken to ensure food safety.
THE LEGAL BASIS
Regulation (EC) n° 178/2002 Articles 50-52:
laying down the general principles and requirements of food law;
establishing the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA);
laying down procedures in matters of food safety.
MEMBER STATES
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechstenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United
kingdom
MEMBER
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTORITY
EFTA SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITY
MARKET NOTIFICATIONS
Alert notification
It is sent when a food or a feed presenting a serious risk is on the
market or when rapid action is required.
Information notification
It concerns a food or a feed on the market of the notifying country for which a risk has been identified
that does not require rapid action
MARKET NOTIFICATIONS
Border rejection notification
It concerns a food or a feed that was refused entry into the Community for reason of a risk to
human or animal health.
News
It concerns any type of information related to the safety of food or feed which has not been
communicated as an alert, information or border rejection notification, but which is judged interesting
for the food and feed control authorities in the Member States.
An original notification sent by a member of the RASFF network can be rejected from
transmission through the RASFF, after evaluation by the Commission, if the criteria for notification are not met or if the information transmitted is
insufficient. The notifying country is informed of the intention not to transmit the information through the RASFF and is invited to provide
additional information allowing the rejection to be reconsidered by the Commission.
MARKET NOTIFICATIONS
RASFF INFORMATION FLOW
RASFF PORTAL DATABASE
Since the launch of the RASFF portal (mid 2009) there have been no more
subscriptions to the weekly notifications as these are now uploaded into the
portal as and when they arrive.
RASFF PORTAL DATABASE
It consists of:
search page;
notifications list from 1979, when RASFF begun working, till now.
Classification
Date of case
Last change
Reference
Country
Subject Product category
Type
7. Alert
(information or border rejection or information for follow-up or information for attention)
25/06/2011
29/06/2011
2011.0842
FR foodborne outbreak suspected (verotoxin producing E coli O104:H4) to be caused by vegetable seeds for sprouting packaged in the United Kingdom
fruit and vegetables
Food
(feed or FCM)
TYPE OF NOTIFICATION
6% 7%
87%
FEED NOTIFICATIONS 190
FOOD CONTACT MATERIAL 229
FOOD NOTIFICATIONS 2873
ANNUAL REPORT 2010
2010 NOTIFICATIONS CLASSIFICATION
37%
19%
44% INFORMATION 1169
ALERT 573
BORDER 1549
47%
34%
7%
5%4% 2% 1%
BORDER REJ ECTION (47%)
OFFICIAL CONTROL ON THE MARKET 34%
COMPANY OWN-CHECK (7%)
BORDER CONTROL-CONSIGNMENTRELEASED (5%)
CONSUMER COMPLAINT (4%)
FOOD POISONING (2%)
OFFICIAL CONTROL FOLLOWING A RASFFNOTIFICATION (1%)
(border rejection)
(official control on the market)
NOTIFICATIONS BY THE MEMBERS
548
400
326
284
214
170155
140 133 128
93 89 8871
55 55 52 4632 31 25 23 23 22 21 17 16 12 10 8 3
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
ANNUAL REPORT 2010
NOTIFICATIONS BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
418
250 248
160 156 144132 132
115 113 109
73 69 66 64 54 50 5038 36 28 25 25 24 24 23 22 22 21 20
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
ANNUAL REPORT 2010
MAIN HAZARDS NOTIFIED BY RASFF (2010)
• Microbiological risks:
338 notifications for Salmonella of which 120 concerning feed.
Salmonella was followed by Listeria which was mainly detected in fish products (smoked salmon).
• Chemical risks:
most notifications regarded mycotoxins (95.3% of the mycotoxin notifications concerned the aflatoxins), followed by notifications for pesticide residues and migration of food contact materials.
• Other risks:
75 notifications for unauthorised GMO and 29 for unauthorised Novel Food.
67 nofications for allergenic substances not mentioned on the labelling.
notifications number by product category
661
208
727519
388652
133
234
13299
234675
229 1540 190
f ish (661)
meat and meat products (208)
poultry (72)
milk and milk products (75)
honey and royal jelly (19)
fruit and vegetables (388)
nuts and snack (652)
cereal and cereal products (133)
herbs and spices (234)
dietetic foods and food supplements (132)
ice and desserts (99)
fats and oils (23)
soups, broth and sauces (46)
beverages (75)
food contact materials (229)
eggs and eggs products (15)
other food products (40)
feed (190)
(nuts and snack)(fruit and vegetables)
(fish)
MAIN HAZARD BY PRODUCT CATEGORY (RASFF 2010)
Product category Hazard N° notifications
Details
Nuts and snack Mycotoxins 486 471 for aflatoxins
Fish Microbiological
contaminations
140
Heavy metals 116
Parasitic infestations
91
Fruit and
vegetables
Pesticide residues
225
Microbiological contaminations
31 11 for moulds
Food contact materials
Migration 214
Product category
Hazard N° notifications
Details
Herbs and spices
Mycotoxins 125 120 for aflatoxins
5 for ochratoxin A
Microbiological contaminations
38 27 for Salmonella
Pesticide residues 38
Feed Microbiological hazards
131 20 for Salmonella
Mycotoxins 23
Chemical contaminations
12 11 for dioxins
and dioxin-like compounds
Meat products
(excluded poultry)
Microbiological
contaminations
89 67 for Salmonella
CASE STUDY CASE STUDY MELAMINEMELAMINE
An industrial chemical used in plastics, An industrial chemical used in plastics, glues, etc…, rich in nitrogen (Cglues, etc…, rich in nitrogen (C33HH66NN66))
An important case of feed contamination in 2007 concerned the presence of melamine in pet food and
protein-rich ingredients (15 notifications).
MELAMINE CHRONOSTORY (2007-2010)
20072007
From February 2007
Unusual sickness and death of pet animals (cats and dogs) in the United States.
Problem origin: wheat gluten originating from China and used for production of pet food.
Precautionary action: recall of pet food in which the wheat gluten was used.
Early April 2007
Cause: fraudulent addition of melamine to wheat gluten imported from China.
Later (2007)
Melamine and cyanuric acid, a compound structurally related to melamine, were also found in rice protein concentrate imported from China.
Melamine levels: in wheat gluten and rice protein concentrate were in the range 0.2-8%.
Fraud aim: to enhance the apparent protein content of wheat gluten and other protein sources.
Consequences: animal health problems due to the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid forming crystals in the kydney of animals.
RASFF ACTIONS (2007)
20 March 2007: melamine contamination incident was reported as an unknown hazard.
In April 2007: the contamination with melamine was confirmed.
20 and 27 April 2007: Member States were requested to increase their alertness during the meeting of the Standing Committee (section Animal Nutrition) and Working Group meeting on the RASFF.
2 May 2007: Member States have been formally asked by the Commission to check consignments of wheat gluten, corn gluten, corn meal, soy protein, rice bran and rice protein concentrate originating from third countries, in particular from China, for the presence of melamine and related compounds and to report the results to the Commission through the RASFF.
EFSA ACTIONS (2007)
8 May 2007: request of EFSA opinion by the Commission on the risks for animal health and public health associated to melamine and related compounds.
8 June 2007: EFSA issued a statement on this topic (available at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/1047.pdf).
CHINA AUTHORITIES (AQSIQ) ACTIONS (2007)
Compulsory official melamine examination of protein concentrate products and strengthened control by local authorities
on the production of protein concentrate.
The Chinese authorities confirmed that all consignments of protein concentrate which had left China after 15 May 2007
should be free of melamine
All RASFF notifications on findings of melamine and All RASFF notifications on findings of melamine and related compounds in feed ingredients originating related compounds in feed ingredients originating
from China relate to shipments which left China from China relate to shipments which left China before 15 May 2007.before 15 May 2007.
Standing Commitee meeting on the Food Chain and Animal Health (section Animal
Nutrition) 22 October 2007
Taking into account the results of the controls, the Taking into account the results of the controls, the conclusions of the scientific statement issued by conclusions of the scientific statement issued by
EFSA and the measures taken and commitment by EFSA and the measures taken and commitment by the Chinese authorities, there was no longer a need the Chinese authorities, there was no longer a need
to maintain an increased frequency of import to maintain an increased frequency of import controls.controls.
20082008
15 September 2008: Commission services issued a news notification on deaths of babies in China following poisoning of the infant formulae with melamine.
24 September 2008: EFSA issued a scientific statement in order to assess the risks related to the presence of melamine in composite products containing milk ingredients such as chocolate and biscuit (imports of milk and milk products originating from China have never been allowed into the Community but composite product containing milk ingredients are imported from China).
Only in the case of high daily consumption of biscuits and Only in the case of high daily consumption of biscuits and chocolates containing high levels of contaminated milk chocolates containing high levels of contaminated milk
powder from China, the TDI would be exceeded and a health powder from China, the TDI would be exceeded and a health risk could exist.risk could exist.
1 - 2.5 mg melamine/kg was established as the 1 - 2.5 mg melamine/kg was established as the appropriate level to distinguish between the appropriate level to distinguish between the
unavoidable background presence of melamine unavoidable background presence of melamine (from food contact materials, pesticide use, etc.) and (from food contact materials, pesticide use, etc.) and
unacceptable adulteration.unacceptable adulteration.
14 October 2008: Commission Decision 2008/798/EC imposing special conditions governing the import of products containing milk and milk products originating in or consigned from China and repealing Commission Decision 2008/757/EC was adopted.
RASFF ACTIONS (2008)
Several RASFF notifications confirmed the presence of melamine in composite products and the illegal import of milk and milk products from China.
From the end of October 2008 onwards there are several notifications for high levels of melamine in soybean meal and ammonium bicarbonate from China.
The Commission Decision 2008/921/EC of 9 December 2008 The Commission Decision 2008/921/EC of 9 December 2008 amending Decision 2008/798/EC extends the safeguard amending Decision 2008/798/EC extends the safeguard
measures to ammonium bicarbonate and to feed and food measures to ammonium bicarbonate and to feed and food containing milk, milk products, soya and soya products.containing milk, milk products, soya and soya products.
MELAMINE RASFF NOTIFICATIONS (2008)
Since the first news notification, 79 notifications for melamine in food from China and 5 border rejections on such products as:
• illegally imported milk products
• composite products containing milk ingredient
• potato crisps
• leavening agent
• food supplements
MELAMINE RASFF NOTIFICATIONS (2009)
Notifications about industrial contaminants in pet food concerned findings of melamine.
Significant decrease of the number of notifications received for cereals and bakery products, and confectionery.
STATUS OF MELAMINE CONTAMINATION 2010 no notifications!
RASFF: THE FORCE POINTS
Effective tool for the protection of the consumer and public health.
Auxiliary tool for the political, sanitary and veterinary agencies in the work of evaluation and decision.
Useful tool to evaluate the historical trends of the food safety issues.
To have a potential ability to foresee possible future hazards.
RASFF: THE CRITICAL POINTS
Lack of a standard method of alert management eligible to guarantee intervention homogeneity by the national authorities
Complex information flow
Lack of control on the sampling methodologies
Lack of transparency towards the consumers
Hazard announcement to the consumer by unsuited means of communication (media).
Sbatti il mostro in prima pagina ma almeno con le
idee chiare! (Bentley, 2009)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!