2. Work System Design & Ergonomics

8/2/2019 2. Work System Design & Ergonomics

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What is Industrial Engineering ?Industrial Engineering is concerned with the Design,Improvement, and InstallationofIntegratedSystems of People, Material, Information,Equipment, and Energy. It draws upon specializedknowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical,and social sciences together with the principles andmethods of engineering analysis and design tospecify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtainedfrom such system (American Institute of IndustrialEngineers).


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What is integrated system ?

Man

Material

Information

Equipment

Energy

Input Output

Environment

Feedback

Boundary


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More details..

*Ambient : surrounding

Fit thetask to

thehuman !!


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What is ergonomics ? Branch of science that applies what is known

about human behavior, mental processes, andanatomy and physiology to the design,development, and evaluation of work methods,environments, technologies, and systems

Discipline that studies human capabilities andperformance capacities and applies thisinformation in designing consumer products,tools, and equipment


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Ergonomics is essentially fitting the workplace tothe worker. The better the fit, the higher the

level of safety and worker efficiency. Fitting theTask to the Human~ Grandjean, 1990

Ergonomics removes barriers to quality,productivity and human performance by fittingproducts, tasks, and environments to people.ErgoWeb.com

Common definition


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Greek words:

Ergon : work

Nomos : principle or laws

Ergonomics = The Science of Work

In the literature: in 1840s by Wojciech Jastrzebowski (a Polish

educator and scientist)

In 1949 by K.F.H. Murrel (a British scientist)

Other terms:

Human Factors, Human Engineering,

Engineering Psychology


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History Can be traced back to the late 1800s/early 1900s and

Frank and Lillian Gilbrethmotion and timestudies, investigated performance, fatigue,

workstation design, tool design Formal birth in WWII: significant number of pilot

accidents due to human error 1950s regulations began to be developed in USA 1957first professional society was created (HFES) Number of tragedies in semi-recent years: 3-mile

Island, Chernobyl, dramatic increase in the numberof reported occupational injuries illnesses, anddeaths

OSHA is developed

Computer age


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Origins, developments, and

applications

Kroemer et al. (2001) p.7

AnatomyOrthopedics

Physiology

Medicine

Psychology

Sociology

AnthropometriBiomechanics

Work Physiology

Industrial Hygiene

Management

Labor relations

Industrial engineering

Bioengineering

System engineering

Safety engineering

Military engineering

Computer-aided design

ERGONOMICS

HUMAN FACTORS


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Ergonomics in Design of Systems

Human Task

HFE

Environment

HFE : Human Factors Engineering


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Goal of Ergonomics Minimize the mis-match between human capabilities

and task requirements What is the optimal scenario? Blue = human capabilities

gray = job demands

Objectives of HFE Improve human performance Improve Safety

Reduce the need for training

Improve user satisfaction


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Components of Ergonomics

Ergonomics

IE

Work Methods

Plant LayoutWork Flow

Psychology

Anthropometry

Biomechanics

Physiology

Methods

Analysis

Techniques

Workplace

Design

Techniques

Machine and

Equipment

Design

Tool Design

Techniques

Operator

Assignments

and Job

Design


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Why Ergonomics?

Increased Productivity improved work methods

increased efficiency

better tools less stress and fatigue

fewer errors

Quality of Work Life fewer injuries

less fatigue and stress

improved employeemorale

Money decreased medical costs

increased productivity

decreased workmanscompensation costs

fewer lost work day cases(light duty days)


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Current Topics Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

CTDs (cumulative trauma disorders), slips/trips/falls,deaths,

Sources of Operator Discomfort/Fatigue

Design for Special Populations

HCI (human comuter interaction)

Individual Differences User-centered Design

Production Ergonomics

Human Error

Others

2. Work System Design & Ergonomics

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