2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.
-
Upload
georgia-welch -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
0
Transcript of 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.
![Page 1: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
What does safety mean?
Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival
![Page 3: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Heinrich’s Accident PyramidMajor Injury
Minor Injury
No Injury Accidents
1
29
300
![Page 4: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Bird’s update of Heinrichs Pyramid
1
10
30
600
Serious/Fatal Injury
Other Injuries
Property Damage
600 No Apparent Injury or Damage
![Page 5: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
How accidents happen
• Lack of care• Did not use common sense/stupidity• Unsafe acts• Unsafe conditions• Acts of God • Lack of supervision/ poor training• Faulty equipment
![Page 6: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Safety in the workplace is everyone’s responsibility
No one persons obligations in the workplace outweigh, or supersede another person’s obligations.
![Page 7: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Australian health and safety law is governed by• A framework of Acts• Regulations• Supporting Codes of Practice &• Standards
![Page 8: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Monitoring safety and maintaining a safe environment requires
The correct Implementation of
• Risk Identification• Risk Assessment• Risk Control
![Page 9: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Risk and hazards
• Hazards can cause injury, disease, economic loss or environmental damage
• Risk - possibility that something will occur; expressed in terms of probability
• Risk assessment uses data, hypothesis and models to estimate probability of harm due to exposure to hazards
![Page 10: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Major types of hazards
Major workplace hazards may include:• Manual handling• Chemical or hazardous substances• Occupational Overuse Syndrome • Noise• Physical worksite or environmental problems• Equipment and machinery
![Page 11: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Hazard Identification Steps
• Job Safety Checks• Employee Consultation• Safety Audits
![Page 12: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Manual handling hazards
Annual handling hazards may be caused by actions related to:• Push• Pull• Lowering• Lifting• Carrying
![Page 13: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Chemical and hazardous substances
• Toxic chemicals - each has specific median lethal dose
• Chemicals, radiation or viruses• Hazardous chemical harm by:
• Flammable or explosive• Irritation of damaging tissue• Interfering with respiration• Causing allergic reactions
![Page 14: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Chemical and hazardous substances
Impact cause by• Inhalation• Ingestion• Skin or eye contact
Harm can be on:• Person (Tumors, burns, etc.)• Future generations (genes & embryos)• Environmental and lifestyle factors
![Page 15: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Physical hazards
Commonly involves worksite layout, structure and equipment
Can extend beyond worksite to • Earthquakes - fracture or shift in earth’s crust deformation• Volcanoes• Floods• Storms
![Page 16: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
S.A.F.E. process to remove workplace hazards
Spot the hazard.
Assess the risk.
Fix the problem.
Evaluate results.
![Page 17: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Addressing external physical hazards
Reducing external physical hazards requires engineering and planning:• Examine historical records and make geological
measurements and weather forecasts• Map high-risk areas• Building codes regulate design and placement of
buildings• Predict possible earthquakes and natural events
![Page 18: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Biological hazards
Non-transmissible diseases are not caused by living organisms; cannot spread
Transmissible diseases are caused by infectious agents (pathogens) and spread by vectors; agents include:• bacteria• virus• protozoa• parasites
![Page 19: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Biological hazards
Seven deadliest infectious diseases• Acute respiratory infections• HIV/AIDS• Diarrheal diseases• Malaria• Tuberculosis• Measles• Hepatitis B
![Page 20: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Assessing the risk
Assessing risk involves considering these factors … • How likely it is that an accident will occur• If an accident occurs, how severe would the
consequences be
![Page 21: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Risk analysis
• Identify hazards and evaluate associated risks• Rank risks• Determine options and make decisions about
reducing or eliminating risks• Inform decision makers and public about risks
![Page 22: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Risk assessment
• Determine types of hazards involved• Estimate probability that each hazard will occur• Estimate how many people are likely to be
exposed to and suffer serious harm from each hazard
• Statistical probabilities and forecasts
![Page 23: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Comparative risk analysis
• Staff and management perceptions of greatest risks may differ
• Communication needs to be clear and use common language
• Risk-benefit analysis – estimates must cover both risks and benefits
• Immediate needs should not outweigh long-term planning
![Page 24: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Risk control involves
Modifying the design of the workplace by• Design or Substitution• Engineering Controls• Administration• Training Personnel• Personal Protective Equipment
![Page 25: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Hierarchy of risk control
Substitute/ Change(Change and replace)
Eliminate(Remove, phase out,
redesign))
Engineer Controls(Renew workplace/ context)
Administrative Controls(Change work, set
maintenance new schedule, new procedures,
signage, etc.)Protective Controls
(Protectiveequipment,
clothes)
![Page 26: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Workplace safety inspections
• Continuous - Ongoing inspection conducted by employees as part of their job.
• Periodic - Inspections scheduled to be made a regular intervals• Intermittent - Inspections made at irregular intervals. • General – inspection of places which do not receive periodic
inspections
![Page 27: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Points to consider when conducting inspections
• Planning and preparation is critical• Who will carryout the inspection• What needs to be inspected• How often must items be inspected
![Page 28: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Non-conformance investigation and reporting
Identified hazards & Incidents
Responsibilities & Actions
Consultative mechanisms (OH&S Committee)
Non-conformance
Control Measures Record & Report sInvestigation & report
Health & Safety AssessmentNew hazardRisk re-evaluatedProblem not resolved
![Page 29: 2 What does safety mean? Safety is an extension of a persons basic instinct for survival.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/56649e155503460f94affa77/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Writing safety reports
• Possible recommendations• Correct the cause – options• Report hazardous conditions• Take intermediate actions