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Urbanisation and the

growth of Mega Cities

Shanghai – pop 18 million 2010

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Urbanisation Growth in the percentage of thepopulation living in urban areas

Urban GrowthGrowth in the sie of cities

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IS THERE A RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN GNP &

URBANIZATION?

PLOT ASCATTERGRAPHTO SHOW THERELATIONSHIP.

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GUIDING QUESTIONS

•What is the relati!shi" #et$ee! $ealtha!% r#a!isati!?

• Where are the a!'alies? (Gi)ee*a'"les + ,!tries a!% %ata-

• See t e*"lai! the a!'alies.

• Classi+/ the ,!tries i!t 0 r 1,ate2ries a!% e*"lai! the l2i, +r /r

,lassi3,ati!.• E*"lai! the )erall "atter! +r the

relati!shi" #et$ee! r#a!i4ati! a!%$ealth.

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!here has been e"amples ofmore recent rapid urbangrowth in M#$Cs%

&apan has been rich enoughto invest in the provision ofurban services and thedevelopment ofinfrastructure to cope withthis growth% 'lso thepopulation of !o()o have ingeneral had enough privatedisposable income to

address their needs%

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$escribe and e"plain the variation inglobal growth rates and patterns inurbanisation%#"plain the global increase in thenumber and location of megacities%*pop over 10 million+

Key Questions

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Mumbai , -ndia

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.atin 'merica cit) growth 1/0 1//0

City 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

ogot 345642/ 163826335 268/26338 461226/58 46816000

uenos 'ires 463226// 3657/604 867146741 /65276/33 1068836137

Caracas 38763/ 167436508 2615465/ 263416844 26/8/6301

.ima 346152 16846/10 76702627 463086010 36422685

Me"ico Cit) 7614671 615764/ 86/00617 1768116/43 16045638

io de &aneiro 2688613 467/26035 36386507 8631/6/ /6300628a

Santiago 160/613/ 26177622 268516030 76/756255 463536154a

S9o :aulo 267776743 46006371 5683363/ 1261876374 161876312a

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Lagos - Nigeria

; 1/0 , 2/06000; 2010 – over 20 million

<ver the past 0 )ears6 the countr)=s urban population hasincreased more than seven,fold6 from 52 million in 1/2 to

40 million in 2004% -f urbaniation continues at the rate of 1percent annuall)6 an estimated /00 million Chinese will live incities b) 2020%

China’s urban ou!ation

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"# $% &%G'-C("(%) (N *015Country Urban agglomeration 1950 1975 2000 2015&apan%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% !o()o 3 /20 1/ 551 23 444 25 1/0angladesh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $ha(a 415 2 157 12 1/ 22 533-ndia %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Mumbai *omba)+ 2 /81 5 745 13 083 22 55rail%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% S9o :aulo 2 28 10 777 15 /32 21 22/-ndia %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $elhi 1 7/1 4 423 12 441 20 884Me"ico%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Me"ico Cit) 2 887 10 3/1 18 033 20 474United States %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >ew ?or( 12 77/ 1 880 13 572 15 /44-ndonesia %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% &a(arta 1 42 4 814 11 018 15 238-ndia %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Calcutta 4 443 5 888 17 08 13 545:a(istan %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @arachi 1 028 7 //0 10 072 13 1/5>igeria%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% .agos 288 1 8/0 8 33 1 /33United States %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% .os 'ngeles 4 043 8 /23 17 217 14 4/4China %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Shanghai 777 11 447 12 885 17 /8 'rgentina%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% uenos 'ires 042 / 144 12 024 17 18:hilippines%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Metro Manila 1 44 000 / /0 12 5/

China %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% eiAing 7 /17 8 4 10 87/ 11 351rail%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% io de &aneiro 2 /3 5 /37 10 32 11 47#g)pt %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Cairo 2 410 3 05/ / 432 11 71!ur(e) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -stanbul 1 055 7 301 8 /7 11 732&apan%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% <sa(a 4 145 / 844 11 017 11 017China %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% !ianAin 2 754 3 130 / 13 10 71/

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Megacities are often primate cities

:rimate cities *at least double the pop of thesecond largest cit) in the countr)+ are t)pical ofman) .#$Cs and >-Cs%!he cit) dominates the countr)=s urban s)stem

and econom)% 'dvantages and disadvantages of primatecitiesB

>agle 2/1

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orld Urbanisation

and Mega Cit) , eferences

C Special eport – Urban :lanethttpDEEnews%bbc%co%u(E1EhiEinFdepthEworldE2003EurbanisationEdefault%stm

.andmar( 188E18/art 212E217>agle 28/ – 2/7 *:rimate cities+:op6 es6 $ev 32 *Helins()=s Model of Mobilit) !ransition+

 'tlas data

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-mplications of urbanisation in

.#$C=s and >-CsUrbanisation is most rapid in .#$C=s and >-C=s becauseof high natura! in+rease and rura! to urban ,igration%

$on=t forget there are man) large cities in the world ofover 2 or 7 million inhabitants% $on=t Aust thin(6 megacities%!hese cities face the same problems that cities in theU@ faced in the nineteenth centur)% U! the) are not in

the same position that the U@ was to face the challenge%

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Urbanisation and urban growth has to be seen within thecontemporar) geopolitical and economic conte"t%

; Scale of the challenge; esources available; !erms of trade

; .evels of economic growth; #"ternal debts; -MIEorld an( restrictions on public spending; Competition; Corruption and political indifference

; :olarisation of societ); .evels of pollution and resource use

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More bac(ground reading

;  'ccess to Geograph) – page 58,85; >agle – 28/,2/5 *Cairo+; art – page 212,243 *Me"ico and eiAing+

; .andmar( – 21/,22 *Shanghai+; :lanet Geog – 22 *Shanghai+; Changing #nvironments – 24,22 E 235,

255 *Mumbai+