2. UFW Reduction Activity - JICAAction Plan for UFW reduction activity, SHAPWASCO nominated UFW...
Transcript of 2. UFW Reduction Activity - JICAAction Plan for UFW reduction activity, SHAPWASCO nominated UFW...
2. UFW Reduction Activity
2.1 Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
THE PROJECT FOR
IMPROVEMENT OF MANAGEMENT CAPACITY OF
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR SHAPWASCO IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
March 2007
Project Team SHARKIA POTABLE WATER
AND SANITATION COMPANY (SHAPWASCO)
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION AGENCY
(JICA)
SHARKIA POTABLE WATER
AND SANITATION COMPANY
(SHAPWASCO)
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Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 1. Pilot Project Sites............................................................................................... 3
1.1 Method of Selecting Pilot Project Sites ......................................................................... 3
1.2 Candidate Areas for Pilot Project Sites.......................................................................... 4
Chapter 2. Actions to be taken for UFW Reduction Activity ........................................... 6
Chapter 3. Flow of Actions for UFW Reduction Activity.................................................. 8
Chapter 4. Description of Each Action ............................................................................... 9
Action 1 Conducting training of C/P staff at Mostrod Training Center................................ 9
Action 2 Conducting leakage (or MNF) survey for candidate sites ..................................... 11
Action 3 Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area ...................................... 11
Action 4 Preparing GIS drawings......................................................................................... 11
Action 5 Learning experiences of similar UFW reduction project in Jordan ....................... 11
Action 6 Making field survey of distribution network ......................................................... 12
Action 7 Surveying installation conditions of water meters in the pilot project sites........... 12
Action 8 Measuring metering error for working meters and wastage in the house .............. 12
Action 9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey........................................................................ 15
Action 10 Making water balance analysis (before repair works) ........................................... 15
Action 11 Conducting leakage detection survey .................................................................... 15
Action 12 Repairing leaking parts .......................................................................................... 19
Action 13 Conducting leakage survey (after repair works) .................................................... 19
Action 14 Conducting water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation .................. 19
Chapter 5. Other Activities related to UFW Reduction Activity ...................................... 20
Chapter 6. Implementation Schedule of UFW Reduction Activity .................................. 22
Attachment
1. Drawings for Candidate Sites for Pilot Project in Each Pilot Area
2. Arrangement of UFW Teams in Minimum Night Flow (Leakage) Survey for Candidate
Areas of Pilot Project Sites (Tentative)
3. Arrangement of UFW Teams in Pilot Project for Selected Pilot Project Site (Tentative for
Zagazig City-East)
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Abbreviations
SHAPWASCO Sharkia Potable Water and Sanitation Company
UFW Unaccounted-for Water
HQ Headquarters
C/P Counterpart
GIS Geographical Information System
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
MNF Minimum Night Flow
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Introduction
In order to grasp the current situation of unaccounted-for water (UFW) in Sharkia Governorate
and formulate an action plan for UFW reduction activity, UFW/HQ Team conducted site
surveys with Expert Team from December 2006 to January 2007. For the formulation of
Action Plan for UFW reduction activity, SHAPWASCO nominated UFW teams from the whole
SHAPWASCO branches and held workshops on February 24 to 25, 2007. The attendants
participated in the workshops are listed below. Actions to be taken to achieve the purpose of
the project have been discussed actively including the selection of pilot project sites for the
activity and results were compiled as “Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity”.
UFW Teams for Action Plan formulation
City/Markaz Name
SHAPWASCO Headquarters (HQ) Mr. Alae El Din Mohamed (E)
Zagazig City - West
Mr. Salama Mahmoud Abd El Aal (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed BakrSupervisor (S)
Zagazig City – East
Mr. Samir Mahmoud Abd El Hameed (E) Mr. Mahmoud Mohamed El Hariry (S)
Zagazig Markaz
Ms. Asmaa Mohamed Farag (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Sabry (S)
Hihya Markaz
Mr. Mahdy Fathy Ahmed (E) Mr.Amin Sedeek Amin (S)
Ibrahimiya Markaz
Mr. Abdou Mohamed Ahmed (E) Mr. Abd Allah Abd El Mgeed (S)
Diarb Nigm Markaz
Mr. Adel Salah Sadek (E) Mr. Mohamed Abbass (S)
Awlad Saqr Markaz
Mr. Emad Ahmed Abd El Kader (E) Mr. Bendary Hassan Bendary (S)
Kafr Saqr Markaz
Mr. Fahmy Mohamed Khalaf (E) Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed (S)
Menia Al Qamah Markaz
Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Nour (E) Mr. Adel Saleh (S)
Mashtool El Sooq Markaz
Mr. Saeed Abd El Rahman Hefni (E) Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Ali Hozayen (S)
Bilbais Markaz
Mr. Bendary Abd El Kader Sharawy (E) Mr. Reda Abd El Hameed Abd Allah (S)
Faqus Markaz
Mr. Sebaey Mohamed Aly Rabea (E) Mr. Mostafa Mohamed Sobeeh (S)
Abu Kabier Markaz
Mr. El Saied Abd El Reheem (E) Mr. Abd El Wahab Mohamed Aly (S)
Abu Hamad Markaz
Mr. Mostafa Abd Allah Ghanaiem (E) Mr. El Saied Hamed Hemdaan (S)
El Husseinia Markaz
Mr. Salah Abd El Haq (E) Mr. Mohamed Abd El Monem (S)
Note : (E) stands for engineer and (S) for supervisor
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JICA Expert Team
Mr. Masahiro Takeuchi Chief Advisor/Water Supply Planning
Mr. Masatoshi Seno Expert/Unaccounted for Water Reduction
Mr. Noboru Saeki Expert/SOP Activity for Water Supply Facilities
Mr. Keizo Kimura Expert/SOP Activity for Water Supply Facilities
Mr. Mitsuhito Omori Coordinator/Hydraulic Analysis for Network
Mr. Mohamed Nagi Project Facilitator
Mr. Mohamed Sobhy Expert/Unaccounted for Water Reduction
Mr. Mahmoud Khalaf Expert/SOP Activity for Water Supply Facilities
Ms. Reem Abd El Rahman Interpreter
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Chapter 1. Pilot Project Sites
1.1 Method for Selecting Pilot Project Sites
(1) Size of Pilot Project Sites
Six pilot project sites in total shall be selected, three sites each from Pilot Area 1 (Zagazig City
and Zagazig Markaz) and Pilot Area 2 (Hihya, Diarb Nigm and Ibrahimiya Markaz), where
UFW reduction activities shall be carried out.
After leakage survey (or minimum night flow measurement) of the candidate areas for pilot
project sites, the pilot project site shall be selected in each pilot project area as shown in Table
1-1.
Policies for setting the size of each pilot project site, including the number of house connections
to be covered and the size of districts, are as provided in Table 1-1. The locations of the pilot
project sites shall be selected after the minimum night flow (or leakage) survey for the candidate
sites for the pilot project sites. The candidate area shall be determined based on the study of
the existing drawings and a field survey to be conducted in cooperation with the C/P,
considering the feasibility of measuring effects as a pilot project.
Table 1-1 Number of Pilot Project Site in each Pilot Project Area
Pilot Area No.
Pilot Project Area Number of Pilot
Project Site Size of Pilot Project Site
(House Connection) Zagazig City-East 1 500 - 1,000 Zagazig City-West 1 500 - 1,000 1 Zagazig Markaz 1 1,000 – 3,000 Hihya Markaz 1 1,000 – 3,000 Diarb Nigm Markaz 1 1,000 – 3,000 2 Ibrahimiya Markaz 1 1,000 - 3,000
Note : The number of house connection shown above is the preferable number. It is subject to change according to the situation of the area.
(2) Criteria for Selecting Candidate Areas
The basic parameters to be considered in the selection of the pilot project site shall be:
1. The pilot project site should have control valves so that the district could be isolated from
the network with just one inlet point. At this inlet point, a flow meter shall be installed to
measure the minimum night flow rate. In rural areas in markaz, we can identify some
isolated regions with tree system of distribution networks.
2. Preferably, the used water billing method is computerized on a database.
3. The isolation valves should be in good working conditions.
4. Size and type of the area: the size should be limited to enable proper monitoring of the
network and water connections.
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5. Size and type of customers: the area should have a good mix of type of customers, i.e. sewer,
non-sewer, private and governmental. The number of customers should be limited to
manage the customer validation process.
6. The pilot project site shall have a high visible water leakage points and operating water
pressure of 1-2 bars.
7. It is preferable to select an area with asbestos cement pipe. It is assumed that asbestos
cement pipes have the oldest age.
8. The district shall be provided with water meters for each house connections. No
unauthorized or un-metered connections are allowed. If any connections without water
meters, these shall be provided with new water meters by SHAPWASCO before the
commencement of the pilot project.
9. All water meters shall be registered and regularly read and documented in the billing
database.
10. If fire hydrant exists in the pilot project sites, monitoring of fire fighting shall be taken into
consideration to account the fire fighting water as legal losses during study period.
11. Preferably, no public taps exist in the pilot project site. If any exists, a water meter shall be
installed at the public tap.
12. The area of the pilot project site shall be around 2 to 3 km2 or as per the conditions of the
candidate site.
13. In order to minimize the cost for repair works, wide road, roads with heavy traffic, paved
road and so forth shall be avoided.
14. Appropriate network drawing shall be available indicating the location of control valves and
how to raise the pressure inside the area, if required.
1.2 Candidate Areas for Pilot Project Sites
The pilot project sites in each pilot area shall be determined by the results of leakage survey (or
minimum night flow survey) for the candidate areas for pilot project sites. The candidate areas
for pilot project sites have been nominated in Phase-1 as shown in Table 1-2 and the maps
attached as Attachment-1.
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Table 1-2 List of Nominated Candidate Areas for Pilot Project Sites
City/Markaz Name Candidate Area Number of
House ConnectionZagazig City - East Aera-1 El Zend 501 Area-2 El Husienia 900 Area-3 Manshiat El Husienia 1,200 Area-4 El Henawy 962 Area-5 Hai Mubarak 489 Zagazig City - West Aera-1 Hai El Salam 365 Area-2 Abu Areiba 546 Area-3 El Zagazig El Buhari 600 Area-4 Hassan Saleh 450 Area-5 Manshiet El Sadat 1,062 Zagazig Markaz Aera-1 Kafr El Hamam 2,012 Area-2 Bana Yous 2,410 Area-3 El Messalamia 1,000 Area-4 Sharwida 900 Area-5 Tahlet Bordain 850 Hihya Markaz Aera-1 Southern Western of
Hihya City 4,000
Area-2 Southern Eastern of Hihya City
2,000
Area-3 El Shbraween 1,300 Area-4 El Mosalami 541 Area-5 El Mahdiah 2,062 Ibrahimiya Markaz Aera-1 Ibrahimiya City 1,025 Area-2 El Halawat 1,097 Area-3 El Seds 584 Area-4 Kafr Abo El Deeb 697 Area-5 El Habsh 1,126 Diarb Nigm Markaz Aera-1 Diarb Nigm City (El
Kosailah El Bahryiah) 1,500
Area-2 Bahnya 1,800 Area-3 Gemezat Bani Amr 2,000 Area-4 Sahbarah 1,030 Area-5 Taha El Marg 1,430
Note : The number of house connection above is for reference only and the approximate number will be confirmed before making field survey of the candidate area.
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Chapter 2. Actions to be taken for UFW Reduction Activity
During the UFW reduction activity in Phase-2 to 4 of the Project, following actions shall be
taken.
Table 2-1 Actions to be Taken in UFW Reduction Activity in Phase-2 to 4
Action Title Contents Remarks 1 Conducting training of C/P
staff at Mostrod Training Center
Conducting training of counterpart staff (UFW teams for HQ, Zagazig City and each Markaz) at Mostrod Training Center
2 Conducting leakage (or minimum night flow : MNF) survey for candidate sites
Conducting MNF survey for 30 candidate areas for Pilot Area-1 and Pilot Area-2 in total.
3 Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area
Pick up one (1) candidate area as the pilot project site for Zagazig City (East and West) and 4 Markazes
4 Preparing GIS drawings Preparing GIS drawings for distribution pipelines of the pilot project areas using the base maps prepared in Phase-1
5 Learning experiences of similar UFW reduction project in Jordan
Visiting Jordan and learning outputs of UFW reduction project
One Japanese expert and five members of UFW teams
6 Making field survey of distribution network
Detection of visible leakage (including service pipes) in the pilot project sites
Recording the leakage points on the maps
7 Surveying installation conditions of water meters in the pilot project sites
Collection and sorting-out of customers’ data in the pilot project sites
Check of the installation conditions of water meter
Replacement of non-working water meters with new meters
Conducting meter reading (approx. for one week) of the customers in the pilot project site in parallel with the leakage survey
Identifying non-working meters
Procurement of new water meters and preparation of installation
8 Measuring metering error for working meters and waste in the house
Measuring metering error for water meter of at 20 to 30 customers selected at random in the pilot project site
9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey
Conducting MNF survey of the selected pilot project sites (6 sites)
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Action Title Contents Remarks 10 Making Water balance
analysis before repair works Checking current leakage by
minimum night flow (MNF) Measuring total distributed water
flow consumed in the pilot project site in 24 hours
Calculation of UFW ratio before leakage repair
Obtaining MNF by conducting 24-hour water flow measurement
11 Conducting leakage detection survey in the pilot project sites
Detecting invisible (or underground) leakage
Sorting-out the repairing items Estimating required cost for repair
Reporting SHAPWASCO required cost estimate
12 Repairing leaking parts Acquiring construction permits from the authorities concerned
Inspection by the authority concerned, if necessary
13 Conducting leakage survey after repair works
Checking the leakage after the repair by MNF survey
Calculation of UFW after the leakage repair
14 Making water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation
Sorting out the contents of UFW
By using the following results : - Distributed water
flow - Water consumption by
water meter reading - MNF - Metering error
Activities related to UFW reduction activity
1 Holding UFW workshops and seminars for presenting the activity results
Holding internal workshops and open workshops
Holding open seminars
2 Conducting water conservation campaign
Distributing leaflet to the customers, making lecture in school, etc.
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Chapter 3. Flow of Actions for UFW Reduction Activities
Figure 3-1 Flow of Actions for UFW Reduction Activity
10 candidates shall be nominated for Zagazig City and 5 for 4 Markazes as pilot project area
Candidate-1 Candidate-2 Candidate-3 Candidate-4
Conducting training of C/P Staff at Mostrod Training Center Conducting leakage (MNF)
survey for candidate sites
Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area
Preparing GIS drawings
Making field survey of distribution network
Surveying installation conditions of water meters in the pilot project sites
Conducting leakage (MNF) survey
Making water balance analysis before repair works
Conducting leakage detection survey
Repairing leaking parts
Conducting leakage survey (including meter readings) after repair works
Making water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation
Measuring metering error for working meters and wastage in the house
Conducting meter readings for one week to get data of revenue water
① MNF
② Total distributed water flow
Identifying items to be repaired
Estimating required cost for repair
SHAPWASCO secures the budget
For criteria, refer to section 1.1
Phase 1
Phase 2~
Phase 4
Learning experience from similar UFW reduction project in Jordan
Action 1
Action 2
Action 3
Action 4
Action 5
Action 6
Action 7-1Action 8
Action 9
Action 10
Action 11
Action 12
Action 13
Action 14
Action 7-2
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Chapter 4. Description of Each Action
Actions listed in Table 2-1 are described in details as follows:
Action 1 Conducting Training of C/P Staff at Mostrod Training Center
UFW teams have been organized for the Pilot Project Areas : Pilot Area 1 (Zagazig City and
Zagazig Markaz) and Pilot Area 2 (Hihya, Ibrahimiya and Diarb Nigm Markazes).
The UFW team of Zagazig City and each Markaz of SHAPWASCO consists of one (1) engineer,
three (3) supervisor and two (2) workers. The names of engineer and supervisors are
mentioned in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 List of UFW Team Member
City/Markaz Name
SHAPWASCO Headquarters Mr. Alae El Din Mohamed
Zagazig City - East
Mr. Salama Mahmoud Abd El Aal (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Bakr (S) Mr. Medhat Moneir Mahmoud (S) Mr. Mohamed Hafez Lotfy (S)
Zagazig City - West
Mr. Samir Mahmoud Abd El Hameed (E) Mr. Mahmoud Mohamed El Hariry (S) Mr. Nabil Fathy El Sayed (S) Mr. Gorge Abd El Maseeh (S)
Zagazig Markaz
Ms. Asmaa Mohamed Farag (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Sabry (S) Mr. El Sayed Farag Ahmed (S) Mr. Ibrahim Bayoumi Mohamed (S)
Hihya Markaz
Mr. Mahdy Fathy Ahmed (E) Mr. Amin Sedeek Amin (S) Mr. Gamal Mohamed Hussein (S) Mr. El Hady Ahmed El Taher (S)
Ibrahimiya Markaz
Mr. Abdou Mohamed Ahmed (E) Mr. Abd Allah Abd El Mgeed (S) Mr. Samir Mohamed Ahmed Farag (S) Mr. Ramadan Abd Allah (S)
Diarb Nigm Markaz
Mr. Adel Salah Sadek (E) Mr. Mohamed Abbas(S) Mr. Mohamed El Sayed El Killany (S) Mr. Mohamed Megahed Abd El Aziz (S)
Awlad Saqr Markaz
Mr. Emad Ahmed Abd El Kader (E) Mr. Bendary Hassan Bendarhy (S) Mr. Hegazy El Sayed Ali (S) Mr. Saeed Abd El Salam Ahmed (S)
Kafr Saqr Markaz
Mr. Fahmy Mohamed Khalaf Allah (E) Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed (S) Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Desouky (S) Mr. Fahmy Mohamed Khalaf Allah (S)
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City/Markaz Name
Menia Al Qamah Markaz
Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Nour (E) Mr. Adel Saleh (S) Mr. Ibrahim Fathy El Sadany (S) Mr. El Sayed Abd El Habet Ghamry (S)
Mashtool El Sooq Markaz
Mr. Saeed Abd El Rahman Hefny (E) Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Ali Hozayen (S) Mr. Abd El Baset Mostafa Mohamed (S) Mr. Soliman Hassan Soliman (S)
Bilbais Markaz
Mr. Bendary Abd El Kader Sharawy (E) Mr. Reda Abd El Hameed Abd Allah (S) Mr. Salah Mohamed Kamel (S) Mr. Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim (S)
Faqus Markaz
Mr. Sebaey Mohamed Rabee (E) Mr. Mostafa Mohamed Sobeeh (S) Mr. El Sayed Abd El Aziz Soliman (S) Mr. Salah El Dien Abbas Farah (S)
Abu Kabier Markaz
Mr. El Saied Abd El Reheem (E) Mr. Abd El Wahab Mohamed Ali (S) Mr. Mahrous Gergis Romees (S) Mr. Mahmoud Mohamed Gebaly (S)
Abu Hamad Markaz
Mr. Mostafa Abd Allah Ghanaiem (E) Mr. El Saied Hamed Hemdaan (S) Mr. Mohamed Mahmoud Radwan (S) Mr. Youssry Abd El Monem Hassan (S)
El Husseinia Markaz
Mr. Salah Abd El Haq (E) Mr. Mohamed Abd El Monem (S) Mr. El Sayed Ibrahim Ali (S) Mr. Mohamed Abd El Aal Mohamed (S)
Note : (E) stands for engineer and (S) for supervisor
Members of UFW teams will receive training for learning leakage survey technology at
Mostrod Training Center in Cairo. This training will be completed before commencement of
pilot project (by the end of April 2007).
UFW teams organized in the pilot project areas and other Markazes will work together in
cooperation with other teams as proposed in Table 4-2.
Tentative arrangement of UFW teams in minimum night flow (leakage) survey for selecting
pilot project sites is proposed as shown in Attachment-2 and tentative arrangement of UFW
teams in pilot project for the selected pilot project site (for Zagazig City-East) is mentioned as
shown in Attachment-3.
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Table 4-2 UFW Team Distribution During UFW Reduction Activity
City/Markaz (Pilot Project Area)
Core Team Cooperating Team Auditing Team
Zagazig City Zagazig-East Zagazig-West Bilbais Menia Alqamah
Zagazig Markaz Zagazig-East Zagazig Markaz Mashtool Alsooq Abu Hamad
Hihya Markaz Hihya Ibrahimiya Diarb Nigm
El Huseinia Faqus
Ibrahimiya Markaz Hihya Ibrahimiya Abu Kabier
Diarb Nigm Markaz Hihya Diarb Nigm Kafr Saqr Awlad Saqr
Action 2 Conducting leakage (or MNF) survey for candidate sites
In order to select 6 pilot project sites from Pilot Area-1 (Zagazig City and Zagazig Markaz) and
Pilot Area-2 (Hihya, Ibrahimiya and Diarb Nigm Markazes), leakage (or minimum night flow :
MNF) survey shall be conducted in the candidate areas as follows:
- 10 areas for Zagazig City (5 from east part and 5 from west part of the city)
- 5 areas for Hihya Markaz
- 5 areas for Ibrahimiya Markaz
- 5 areas for Diarb Nigm Markaz
Average leakage ratio obtained in the MNF survey shall be assumed as the representative
leakage ratio for Zagazig City and each Markaz.
Action 3 Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area
Pick up one (1) candidate area as the pilot project site for the pilot project areas of Zagazig City
(East and West), Zagazig, Hihya, Ibrahimiya and Diarb Nigm Markazes.
The selected candidate area shall have the nearest leakage ratio to the representative leakage
ratio of the city and Markaz.
Action 4 Preparing GIS drawings
GIS drawings (the scale of 1 to 5,000) for pilot areas shall be prepared according to the schedule
shown in Figure 6-1. In preparation of GIS drawings, priority shall be put on the candidate
areas for pilot project sites.
Action 5 Learning experiences of similar UFW reduction project in Jordan
In Jordan, a project for capacity improvement of UFW control by JICA has been implemented
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since 2005. The outcomes of Jordan project will be useful for this project. A representative
of JICA expert team and representatives of SHAPWASCO UFW teams will visit the project
sites in Jordan and learn their experience.
Action 6 Making field survey of distribution network
Field survey shall be executed for the selected pilot project sites as follows:
Detecting visible leakage and making record in the map
Confirming location and conditions of valves at site and recording in the map
Confirming location of public taps, fire hydrant and governmental buildings, if any
Action 7 Surveying installation conditions of water meters
Conditions of the existing water meters shall be checked at site to clarify non-working meters
and the customers without water meters. In case non-working meters or the connection
without water meters are found, new water meters shall be replaced or installed.
Action 8 Measuring metering error of water meter and wastage in the house
Metering error (or meter insensitive water volume) shall be estimated by the method shown in
Figure 4-1 below. Work for measuring metering error will be conducted in parallel with the
activities in item (6) to (11) mentioned in Table 2-1. In order to measure the metering error
more accurately, wastage of water in the house (leakage at taps, toilet equipment, etc.) will also
be measured.
Procedures for measuring metering error and wastage in the house are as follows:
[1st Step : Measuring metering error] 1. Select 20 to 30 working meters randomly in the pilot project site. 2. Close all the taps in the house. 3. Set the hands of the water meter at zero point. 4. Open one tap and close all other taps in the house. Measurement shall be done by the
following three cases for the degree of tap opening: Case 1 : Full opening Case-2 : Half opening Case-3 : Quarter opening
5. Keep running water into the measuring tank for one minute and close the tap. 6. Reopen the tap for one minute and close. 7. Repeat items 5 and 6 until water level shows 20L or other readings (10L and 15L which
will be determined taking into account the work progress at site and situation of the house).
8. Close the tap and read the meter. 9. Record the time of the measurement (from item 3 to 5) 10. Repeat the procedure from item 3 to 6 for all cases.
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[2nd Step : Measuring wastage of water in the house] 1. Close all the taps in the house. 2. Set the hands of the water meter at zero point again. 3. Wait until the time recorded in item 7 above has elapsed. 4. Read the meter.
M
Closed ClosedOpen
HoseMeasuring Tank
(20L)
Water Meter
Water Taps in House
Figure 4-1 Method of Measuring Metering Error
Action 9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey
(1) Method of Minimum Night Flow Measurement
When the network is formed in the tree shape and it has only one distribution pipeline supplying
to the area, one (1) flow meter will be installed as shown in Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-2 Flow Meter Installation for Tree Shape Network
When the network is located in the highly-populated area, one flow meter will be installed after
isolating the area by closing all the valves as shown in Figure 4-3.
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Figure 4-3 Flow Meter Installation for Network in Highly-Populated District
(2) Type of Flow Meter
The minimum night flow shall be measured by ultrasonic flow meter (refer to Figure 4-4). The
ultrasonic flow meter can measure flow in pipes by catching variation in the velocity of
ultrasonic waves, as they exactly depend on the rate of flow in the pipeline. It can be installed
on/around water pipe without interrupting water supply.
Figure 4-4 Ultrasonic Flow Meter
(3) Measurement of water pressure
This device is used for recording water pressure for 24 hours (refer to Figure 4-5). It will be
installed at the inlet point of the pilot project site and highest point of the site (at taps or
hydrants) to measure average water pressure in the site.
Figure 4-5 Water Pressure Recorder
Valve closed
Valve closed Valve closed Valve closed
Valve closed
Flow Meter
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Action 10 Making Water balance analysis (before repair works)
Water balance analysis is essential in preliminary work for UFW reduction activity. Following
data shall be collected for the analysis.
Water production volume
Water distribution volume
Authorized water consumption
- Billed authorized consumption
- Unbilled authorized consumption
Water losses
- Apparent losses (consumption by illegal connection, metering error, etc.)
- Real losses (leakage in the water supply system)
The example of the water balance analysis is shown in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3 Water Balance Analysis Sheet (Example) No. Item Description Volume (m3/year)
1 Raw Water Intake [1.1] + [1.2] + [1.3] + [1.4] 1,9001.1 - Water Treatment Plant 1,0001.2 - Production Wells 7001.3 - Fe/Mn Remoral Facility 1001.4 - Compact Unit 100
2 Treatment Losses Backwash, Evaporation, etc. 702.1 - Water Treatment Plant 302.2 - Production Wells 202.3 - Fe/Mn Remoral Facility 102.4 - Compact Unit 10
3 Water Produced in Markaz [1 - 2] Raw Water Intake-Treatment Losses 1,8303.1 - Water Treatment Plant 9703.2 - Production Wells 6803.3 - Fe/Mn Remoral Facility 903.4 - Compact Unit 90
4 Water Exported to or Imported from Other Markaz(es) -104.1 - Water Exported to Other Markaz(es) 304.2 - Water Imported to Other Markaz(es) 20
5 Effective Water Distribution inside the Markaz [3] + [4] 1,8206 Authorized Consumption [6.1] + [6.2] 1,1206.1 Billed Authorized Consumption 1,1006.1.1 - Billed Metered Consumption Including uncollected consumption 1,0006.1.2 - Billed Unmetered Consumption Estimated consumption 1006.2 Unbilled Authorized Consumption 206.2.1 - Unbilled Metereded Consumption Water for fire hydrant 0 Revenue Water 6.2.2 - Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Water used for flushing of pipes, etc. 20 [6.1]7 Water Losses [7.1] + [7.2] (or [5] - [6]) 700 1,1007.1 Apparent Losses 90 60.4%7.1.1 - Unauthorized Consumption Illegal connection, etc. 30 Unaccounted-for Water
7.1.2 - Metering Inaccuracies Metering errors 60 (UFW)7.2 Real Losses 610 [6.2] +[ 7]7.2.1 - Leakage on Transmission and or Distribution Mains 500 (or [5]-[6.1])7.2.2 - Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage Tanks 10 7207.2.3 - Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer Metering 100 39.6%Note : When the required data above is not available, "N/A" shall be mentioned in the columns.
Action 11 Conducting leakage detection survey
Leakage detection survey shall be conducted by means of the following methods:
(1) Detection of leaking sound by Acoustic Rod or Digital Sound Detector
When leakage occurs, leaking sound spreads through the pipe. At the point where valves are
available, acoustic rod or digital sound detector will be useful for detecting the sound. The
method of leaking sound detection is shown on Figure 4-6.
2.1-18
The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
_______________________________________________________________________________ 16Project Team / SHAPWASCO
Figure 4-6 Detecting by Acoustic Rod or Digital Sound Detector
(2) Detection of leaking points by Leak Detector
The location of the leaking points will be identified by Leak Detector. The detection work by
Leak Detector is shown in the picture.
Detection Work by Leak Detector
The mechanism of detecting leaking point is explained in Figure 4-7.
Figure 4-7 Mechanism of Detecting Leaking Point
The typical leak detector is as shown in Figure 4-8.
Acoustic Rod Digital Sound Detector
2.1-19
The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
_______________________________________________________________________________ 17Project Team / SHAPWASCO
Figure 4-8 Typical Leak Detector
(3) Detection by Leak Sound Correlator
Leak Sound Correlator will be applied to confirm the leaking point when leak sound is detected
in two points. This equipment identifies the location of leaks by intercepting leak noise that is
caught by a sensor at two valves or hydrants (refer to Figure 4-9). It measures the difference in
transmission time between two points, and processes the data by computer. Thus, it exactly
shows the leaking point.
Figure 4-9 Leak Sound Correlator
Figure 4-10 Method of Detecting Leakage by Leak Sound Correlator
2.1-20
The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
_______________________________________________________________________________ 18Project Team / SHAPWASCO
(4) Confirmation of Leak Point by Acoustic Rod
After detecting leak point, some holes are drilled at the detected leak points and acoustic rod
will be inserted in the hole to confirm the exact location of the leak point (refer to Figure 4-11). Small sound
Leak point
Figure 4-11 Method of Confirming Exact Location of Leak Point
(5) Pipe Locating Devices
When the buried pipes are not identified, following devices will be applied.
Pipe & Cable Locator
This device is used for locating pipes and cables under the ground.
Figure 4-12 Pipe & Cable Locator
Metal Locator
A sensor of this device detects the location of hidden iron-made structures such as valve
boxes and stop valves. As iron creates a magnetic field, the suitable sensors can detect
it.
Figure 4-13 Metal Locator
2.1-21
The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
_______________________________________________________________________________ 19Project Team / SHAPWASCO
Action 12 Repairing leaking parts
After leak detection work, items to be repaired for stopping leakage shall be listed with priority
and the cost estimation shall be done. The repairing work will be executed for the leakage
parts according to the priority within the budget of SHAPWASCO.
Action 13 Conducting leakage survey (after repair works)
In order to confirm the effectiveness of the repairing work (or reduction percentage of leakage
ratio), MNF survey shall be carried out after the repairing work of the leaking parts. Before
conducting MNF survey, meter readings for one week shall be conducted.
Action 14 Making water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation
Water balance analysis shall be conducted using data obtained after the repairing works of the
leak points and evaluation the effects of the reduction works.
2.1-22
The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
_______________________________________________________________________________ 20Project Team / SHAPWASCO
Chapter 5. Other Activities related to UFW Reduction Activity
5.1 Holding UFW workshops and Seminars for presenting the outcomes of activity
JICA expert team and C/P UFW teams together with C/P SOP teams will hold workshops and
seminars to present the outcomes of UFW reduction activity. The workshops and seminars
will be held in the following schedule:
[Open Workshop]
1st Workshop : October 2007 in Phase-2
2nd Workshop : February 2008 in Phase-2
3rd Workshop : October 2008 in Phase-3
4th Workshop : February 2009 in Phase-3
[Internal Workshop]
1st Workshop : May 2007 in Phase-2
2nd Workshop : May 2008 in Phase-3
[Open Seminar]
1st Seminar : June 2007 in Phase-2
2nd Seminar : May 2009 in Phase-4
5.2 Conducting water conservation campaign
In parallel with the pilot project for UFW reduction, water conservation campaign shall be
conducted. Action program for water conservation including leaflet and other tools will be
proposed.
5.3 Water balance analysis in Zagazig City and selected Markaz
Water balance analysis is the most important work in UFW reduction activity. Therefore, in
the water utility management, it is essential to conduct water balance analysis periodically on a
monthly basis or quarterly basis.
In order to obtain data for the water balance of the whole SHAPWASCO, it is necessary to
conduct water balance analysis in all the SHAPWASCO branches (Zagazig City and 13
Markazes).
Water distributed in each Markaz is explained in Figure 5.1.
In the Project, water balance analysis will be done for Zagazig City and selected Markazes
which will be determined with C/P.
2.1-23
The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
_______________________________________________________________________________ 21Project Team / SHAPWASCO
Markaz-A
Markaz-BQimQex
Water distributed inMarkaz-A
(Qdist)
Qdist in Markaz-A = Qprod +Qim - Qex
Qprod = Water produced in Markaz-A
Markaz-C
Figure 5-1 Water Distributed in Each Markaz
5.4 Measuring water flow of inter-Markaz transmission and distribution mains
At present, there is no data for the water flow transferred between or among Markazes.
Therefore, it is not possible to make water balance analysis in each branch. During the project
period, water flow imported from or exported to other Markazes will be measured by portable
flow meter in Zagazig City and four Markazes (Zagazig Markaz, Hihya Markaz, Ibrahimiya
Markaz and Diarb Nigm Markaz) where the pilot project is done.
5.5 Formulating and executing long-term pipe replacement plan for preventive works
In this Project, focus shall be put on preliminary works and on-site work, that is:
[Preliminary works]
Organizing UFW team
Preparing network drawings
Conducting water balance analysis
Analyzing causes of leakage
Studying age of pipes
[On-site work]
Doing quick repairs for visible (or on-the-ground) leakage
Detecting leakage and conducting repair works
Besides the above works, in order to reduce the leakage ratio steadily year by year, the
preventive works will be indispensable. Therefore, pipe replacement plan for the long term
will be formulated in the Project.
2.1-24
22
______________________________________________________________________________
Ch
apte
r6.
Imp
lem
enta
tion
Sch
edu
le o
f U
FW
Red
ucti
on A
ctiv
ity
Pro
pose
d im
plem
enta
tion
sch
edul
e of
the
UF
W r
educ
tion
act
ivit
y is
des
crib
ed a
s fo
llow
s:
1112
12
34
56
78
910
1112
12
34
56
78
910
1112
12
34
56
78
910
1G
ener
al
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5 2
Act
ions
Act
ion
1
Act
ion
2
Act
ion
3
Act
ion
4
Act
ion
5
Act
ion
6 &
7
Act
ion
8
Act
ion
9 &
10
Act
ion
11
Act
ion
12
Act
ion
13
Act
ion
14
FY
2006
Mak
ing
fiel
d su
rvey
of
dist
ribu
tion
net
wor
k (A
ctio
n 6)
/ S
urve
ying
inst
alla
tion
cond
itio
nsof
wat
er m
eter
s an
d co
nduc
ting
met
er r
eadi
ngs
(Act
ion
7)
Con
duct
ing
leak
age
(MN
F)
surv
ey f
or c
andi
date
are
as
Pre
pari
ng G
IS d
raw
ings
Hol
ding
Wor
ksho
ps a
nd S
emin
ars
Con
duct
ing
wat
er c
onse
rvat
ion
cam
paig
n
Det
erm
inin
g pi
lot p
roje
ct s
ite
for
each
pil
ot p
roje
ct a
rea
2008
Pha
se-3
FY
2007
Phas
e-2
Con
duct
ing
leak
age
dete
ctio
n su
rvey
FY
2009
FY
2008
Con
duct
ing
trai
ning
of
C/P
sta
ff a
t Mos
toro
d T
rain
g C
ente
r
Lea
rnin
g ex
peri
ence
s of
Jor
dan
UF
W r
educ
tion
pro
ject
Mea
suri
ng m
eter
ing
erro
r fo
r w
orki
ng m
eter
s an
d w
asta
ge in
the
hous
e
For
mul
atin
g an
d ex
ecut
ing
long
-ter
m p
ipe
repl
acem
ent p
lan
for
prev
entiv
e w
orks
Org
aniz
ing
UFW
team
s at
HQ
, Z
agaz
ig C
ity
and
all t
he m
arka
zes
Sel
ecti
ng c
andi
date
are
as f
or p
ilot
pro
ject
sit
es
Con
duct
ing
leak
age
(MN
F)
surv
ey (
Act
ion
9) /
Mak
ing
wat
er b
alan
ce a
naly
sis
befo
rere
pair
wor
ks (
Act
ion
10)
Item
Rep
airi
ng le
akin
g pa
rts
Con
duct
ing
leak
age
surv
ey (
incl
udin
g m
eter
rea
ding
s) a
fter
rep
air
wor
ks
Mak
ing
wat
er b
alan
ce a
naly
sis
afte
r re
pair
wor
ks a
nd it
s ev
alua
tion
2006
2007
Phas
e-1
2009
Phas
e-4
P1P2
P3P4
P5P6
P1、
P3
& P
5:P
ilot
Pro
ject
Are
a-1
P2、
P4
& P
6:P
ilot
Pro
ject
Are
a-2
P1P2
P3P4
P5P6
Oth
er P
ilot
Are
as(C
/P w
ill c
ont
inue
by
his
own e
ffort
)
◆▽
◆
▽ I
nter
nal W
orks
hop
▼ O
pen
Wor
ksho
p◆
Ope
n Se
min
ar
▼▼
▽▽
▼▼
Fig
ure
6-1
Im
ple
men
tati
on S
ched
ule
for
UF
W R
edu
ctio
n A
ctiv
ity
The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO
Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity
Project Team / SHAPWASCO
2.1-25
Are
a-3
Are
a-5
Loc
atio
n of
Num
inat
ed C
andi
date
Are
as
⑥
Are
a-2
Are
a-4
Are
a-1
Leg
end:
: Loc
atio
n of
Nom
inat
ed C
andi
date
Are
as
Are
a-1
Ibra
him
iya
Cit
y
Are
a-2
El H
alaw
at
Are
a-3
El S
eds
Are
a-4
Kaf
r A
bo E
l Dee
b
Are
a-5
El H
ebsh
Nam
inat
ed C
andi
date
Are
as
Ibra
him
ya M
arka
z
Att
achm
ent
1-1
2.1-26
2.1-27
Location of Numinated Candidate Areas
Diarb Nigm Markaz⑦
Area-5
Area-4
Area-2
Area-1
Area-3
Area-1Diarb Nigm City
(El Kosalah El Bahryiah)
Area-2 Bahnya
Area-3 Gemezat Bani Amr
Area-4 Sahbarah
Area-5 Taha El Marg
Naminated Candidate Areas
Attachment 1-2
2.1-28
Location of Numinated Candidate Areas
Hihya Markaz⑧
Area-5
Area-3
Area-2
Area-1
Area-4
Attachment 1-3
Area-1 Southern Western of Hihya City
Area-2 Southern Eastern of Hihya City
Area-3 El Shbraween
Area-4 El Mosalami
Area-5 El Mahdiah
Naminated Candidate Areas
2.1-29
Attachment 1-4
Location of Numinated Candidate Areas
Zagazig Markaz⑩
Area-5
Area-4
Area-2Area-1
Area-3
Area-1 Kafr El Hamam
Area-2 Bana Yous
Area-3 El Messalania
Area-4 Sharwida
Area-5 Tahlet Bordain
Naminated Candidate Areas
2.1-30
Location of Numinated Candidate Areas
Zagazig City East & West⑭
West Area
East Area
Area-1Area-2
Area-3
Area-4
Area-5
Area-1
Area-2 Area-3
Area-4
Area-1 El Zend
Area-2 El Husienia
Area-3 Manshiat El Husienia
Area-4 El Henawy
Area-5 Hai Mub arak
Naminated Candidate Areas (East)
Attachment 1-5
Area-5
Area-1 Hai Elsalam
Area-2 Abu Areiba
Area-3 El Zagizig El bahari
Area-4 Hassan Saleh
Area-5 Manshiet El Sadat
Naminated Candidate Areas (West)
Attachment - 2
May 2007 June 2007 July 2007 August 20071 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T
City/Markaz Candidate Area
Zagazig City-East Area-1[Zagazig Team] Area-2
Area-3Area-4Area-5
Zagazig City-West Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5
Zagazig Markaz Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5
Hihya Markaz Area-1[Hihya Team] Area-2
Area-3Area-4Area-5
Ibrahimiya Markaz Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5
Diarb Nigm Markaz Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5
[UFW Team]Zagazig City - East [Zagazig Team] ◎ ◎ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇
Zagazig City - West ◎ ◎ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Zagazig Markaz ◎ ◎ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Hihya Markaz [Hihya Team] ◎ ◎ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆
Ibrahimiya Markaz ◎ ◎ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Diarb Nigm Markaz ◎ ◎ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
El Huseinia ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Awlad Saqr ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Kafr Saqr ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Faqus ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Abu Kabier ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Abu Hamad △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Menia Alqamah △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Bilbais △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Mashtool El Sooq △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Note : Zagazig Team ◇ Core team, ○ Supporting team-A, △ Supporting team-B
Hihya Team ◆ Core team, ● Supporting team-A, ▲ Supporting team-B
Arrangement of UFW Teams in Minimum Night Flow (Leakage) Survey for Candidate Areas of Pilot Project Sites (Tentative)
Pro
ject
Are
a-1
Pro
ject
Are
a-2
Activity for Selection of Pilot Project Sites
Japanese Expert for Leakage Detection (Mr. Okazaki)
Month/YearDate
Field Survey Leakage (or Minimum Night Flow : MNF) Survey for candidate areas
Zagazig Team
Hihya Team
Selection of Pilot Project Site
Training of UFW team for leakage survey technology by Japanese Expert
2.1-31
Attachment - 3
YearMonthWeek 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Action Activity
Action 6 Making field survey of distribution network
Action 7Surveying installation conditions of water meters and conducting meter readings
Action 8Measuring metering error for working meters and wastage in the house
Action 9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey
Action 10Making water balance analysis before repair works
Action 11 Conducting leakage detection survey
Action 12Repairing leaking parts (including meter readings)
Action 13Conducting leakage survey (including meter readings) after repair works
Action 14Making water balance analysis after repair works and its evaluation
◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
△ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Note ◇ Core team, ○ Supporting team-A, △ Supporting team-B
BilbaisZagazig City - West
Arrangement of UFW Teams in Pilot Project for Selected Pilot Project Site (Tentative for Zagazig City-East)
[UFW Team]Zagazig City - East
9 10 11 1272007
8
2.1-32
2.2 Result of MNF Survey for Candidate Site (Action U2)
MN
F G
raph
For
Zag
azig
Eas
t A
rea-
1(1
8-19)
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
3.0
0
3.5
0
18 -
19 A
ug 2
007
pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph f
or
Zag
azig
Eas
t A
rea-
2
05
10
15
20
25
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
4.0
27 M
ay -
28
May
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
rap
h fo
r Z
agaz
ig E
ast
Aea
-3
051015202530
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
17 -
18
June
200
7
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssur
e
MN
F G
rap
h F
or Z
agaz
ig E
ast
Are
a-4
0510152025
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
19 -
20
June
200
7
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
w
(
L/S
)M
NF
(L/S
)P
ress
ure
2.2-1
MN
F G
raph
For
Zag
azig
Are
a-5(2
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.6
0
1.2
0
1.8
0
2.4
0
3.0
0
26 -
27 J
une
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph
for
Zag
azig
West
Are
a-1
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
3.0
0
Pressuer
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph
for
Zag
azig
West
Are
a-2
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
12:55
13:55
14:55
15:55
16:55
17:55
18:55
19:55
20:55
21:55
22:55
23:55
0:55
1:55
2:55
3:55
4:55
5:55
6:55
7:55
8:55
9:55
10:55
11:55
12:55
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph
For
Zag
azig
West
Are
a-3
05
10
15
20
25
13:15
14:15
15:15
16:15
17:15
18:15
19:15
20:15
21:15
22:15
23:15
0:15
1:15
2:15
3:15
4:15
5:15
6:15
7:15
8:15
9:15
10:15
11:15
12:15
13:15
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
22 -
23 M
ay 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
2.2-2
MN
F G
raph
For
Zag
azig
West
Are
a-4
05
10
15
20
25
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
1 -
2 S
ep 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph
For
Zag
azig
West
Are
a-5
0369
12
15
12:20
13:20
14:20
15:20
16:20
17:20
18:20
19:20
20:20
21:20
22:20
23:20
0:20
1:20
2:20
3:20
4:20
5:20
6:20
7:20
8:20
9:20
10:20
11:20
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
21 -
22 M
ay 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Zag
azig
Mar
kaz
Are
a-1
0
10
20
30
40
50
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3 -
4 J
uly
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Zag
azig
Mar
kaz
Are
a-2
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
31 J
uly
- 1
Aug
2007
Pressuer(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
2.2-3
MN
F G
raph F
or
Zag
azig
Mar
kaz
Are
a-3
02468
10
12
14
16
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2 -
3 A
ug
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Zag
azig
Mar
kaz
Are
a-4
0369
12
15
11:30
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
4 -
5 A
ug 2
007
Pressuer(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Zag
azig
Mar
kaz
Are
a-5
05
10
15
20
25
30
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
3.0
0
6 -
7 J
uly
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Hih
iya
Are
a-1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
4 -
5 J
une
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
2.2-4
MN
F G
raph F
or
Hih
iya
Are
a-2
05
10
15
20
25
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
5 -
6 J
une 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Hih
iya
Are
a-3
05
10
15
20
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
2 -
3 J
une 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Hih
iya
Are
a-4
01234567
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
5 -
6 J
une 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Hih
iya
Are
a-5
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
3.0
0
3.5
0
4.0
0
4.5
0
29 -
30 M
ay 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
2.2-5
MN
F G
raph
For
Ibra
him
iya
Are
a-1
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
18 -
19 J
une 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph
For
Ibra
him
iya
Are
a-2
048
12
16
20
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
16 -
17 J
une
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Ibra
him
ita
Are
a-3
048
12
16
20
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
23 -
24 J
une 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph
For
Ibra
him
iya
Are
a-4
048
12
16
20
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
19 -
20 J
une 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
2.2-6
MN
F G
raph F
or
Ibra
him
iya
area-
5
02468
10
12
14
16
18
20
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
23 -
24 J
une 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Dia
rb N
igm
Are
a-1
05
10
15
20
25
11:30
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
8 -
9 A
ug 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Dia
rb N
igm
Are
a-2
0
10
20
30
40
50
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
1.0
0
2.0
0
3.0
0
4.0
0
5.0
0
11 -
12 A
ug
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Dia
rb N
igm
Are
a-3
05
10
15
20
25
30
15:30
16:30
17:30
18:30
19:30
20:30
21:30
22:30
23:30
0:30
1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
12 -
13 A
ug
2007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
2.2-7
MN
F G
raph
For
Dia
rb N
igm
Are
a-4(F
ri)
048
12
16
20
14:10
15:10
16:10
17:10
18:10
19:10
20:10
21:10
22:10
23:10
0:10
1:10
2:10
3:10
4:10
5:10
6:10
7:10
8:10
9:10
10:10
11:10
12:10
13:10
14:10
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
0.5
0
1.0
0
1.5
0
2.0
0
2.5
0
10 -
11 A
ug 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
MN
F G
raph F
or
Dia
rb N
igm
Are
a-5
05
10
15
20
25
12:50
13:50
14:50
15:50
16:50
17:50
18:50
19:50
20:50
21:50
22:50
23:50
0:50
1:50
2:50
3:50
4:50
5:50
6:50
7:50
8:50
9:50
10:50
11:50
12:50
Tim
e
Flow(L/S)
0.0
0
1.0
0
2.0
0
3.0
0
4.0
0
5.0
0
19 -
20 A
ug 2
007
Pressure(Bar)
Flo
wM
NF
Pre
ssure
2.2-8