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Transcript of 2. Structural
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
1It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying
space frame. (NSCP 208.20)Bearing wall system
2Is a component including its attachments having fundamental
period less than or equal to 0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20)Rigid component
3Is a component including its attachments having fundamental
period greater than 0.60 sec. (NSCP 208.20)Flexible component
4Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal
outside diameter of not less than (NSCP 307.7.3)200 mm
5
A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be
available for inspection during the progress of work and _______
years after completion of the project and shall be preserved by the
inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20)
2 years
6The minimum bend diameter for 10mm through 25mm bars
(NSCP 407.30)6 db
7The minimum bend diameter for 28mm through 36mm bars
(NSCP 407.30)8 db
8The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer must
be db but not less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)25mm
9
In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members,
clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than?
(NSCP 407.7.3)
1.50 db
10
In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary
flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times
wall or slab thickness nor farther than? (NSCP 407.7.5)
450 mm
11
Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as
one unit shall be united to ___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP
407.7.6.1)
4
12Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams:
(NSCP 407.7.6.3)36 mm
13
Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of
flexural members shall terminate at different points with at least
____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)
40 db
14Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed
to earth: (NSCP 407.8.1)75 mm
15The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab:
(NSCP 407.8.1)20 mm
16In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for
flexure without axial loads: (NSCP 409.2.1)0.90'
17In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for
shear and torsion: (NSCP 409.4.2.3)0.85'
18The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported
at the ends only is: (NSCP 409.6.2)L / 20
19The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous
slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)L / 24
20The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous
slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)L / 28
21 The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2) L / 10
22Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear
span ratio greater than: (NSCP 410.8.10)0.40'
23Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear
span ratio greater than: (NSCP 307.4.2)0.75'
24Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of
non-prestressed member shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)d/2
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
1/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
25Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less
than: (NSCP 412.3.1)300 mm
26Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or
eccentric type that is provided to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)Braced Frame
27Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit
lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements:Diaphragm
28Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by
flexure:Moment resisting frame
29In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of
________% of floor live load shall be applicable for storage and
warehouse occupancies. (NSCP 208.5.1.1)
25%
30The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than _______%
slope. (NSCP 302.2.2)50%
31
Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the
excavation shall notify in writing the owner of the adjoining building
not less than _____days before such excavation is to be made. (NSCP
302.2.4)
10 days
32Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than
____% slope (NSCP 302.3.1)50%
33The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site
boundary line: (NSCP 302.4.3)0.60m
34The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site
boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3)6.00 m
35
In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not
embedded in poured footings, the sand shall be thoroughly
compacted by tamping in layers not more than _____mm in depth?
(NSCP 305.7.3)
200 mm
36
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column
not embedded in poured footings, the concrete shall have ultimate
strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)
15 mpa
37
When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on
soils, they shall be completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover
shall be at least _____mm on the bottom. (NSCP 305.8)
150 mm
38
Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon
wood sills or steel plates placed directly upon the ground surface,
provided soil pressure does not exceed ____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)
50 kpa
39
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates
or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the
Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
12 mm
40
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates
or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the
Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
16 mm
41
Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to
seismic forces shall be interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be
capable of resisting in tension or compression a minimum horizontal
force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP
306.20)
10%
42Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally
supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)1.50m
43Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally
supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)3,0 m
44The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be
_____times the average diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1)30 times
45Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive
strength Fc of not less than ______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)17.50 mpa
2/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
46Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength
Fc of not less than _____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1)20 mpa
47The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast
concrete pile center to center. (NSCP 307.5.1)75 mm
48Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified
compressive strength Fc of not less than ____Mpa.35 mpa
49The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be?
(NSCP 307.6.3)250 mm
50 Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy? Essential facilities
51Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to
what type of occupancy?
Miscellaneous
occupancy
52Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall
to what type of occupancy?Special occupancy
53Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or
explosive chemicals or substances fall to what type of category?Hazardous facility
54The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with
live load only. (NSCP 107.2.2)L / 360
55The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with
dead load and live load only.L / 240
56Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least
_______times the lateral force. (NSCP 206.6)2 times
57Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least
______times the overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)1. 5 times
58
As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane
load, if powered monorail cranes are considered, the max. wheel
load of the crane shall be increased by what percent to determine
the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)
25%
59
The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically
powered trolleys shall be calculated as ______% of the sum of the
rated capacity of the crane and the weight of the hoist and trolley.
(NSCP 206.9.4)
20%
60
The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge
cranes with hand geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the
max. wheel load of the crane. (NSCP 206.9.5)
10%
61
This is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of
frame members induced by vertical loads acting on laterally
displaced building frame.
P-delta effect
62A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the
storey above is considered as __________.Weak Storey
63
Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are
necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations, are classified
as ___________.
Essential Facilities
64
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral
forces to the vertical resisting system including the horizontal bracing
system.
Diaphragm
65This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral
forces of a building.Braced Frame
66
Constructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily
be pumped. What type of admixture in concrete the contractor will
provide which can reduce the requirement of mixing water and
produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and needs very
little vibration
Plasticizer
67The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved
after the completion of the project for at least _________.2 years
3/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
68 What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel? 7850 Kg
69
A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with
aggregate larger than 10mm originally sprayed under high air
pressure of lining tunnels.
Shotcrete
70If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no
longer useful for its intended function or to unsafe, it has reached its
__________.
Limit state
71
A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden
and brittle fracture of a ductile material due to reversals of stresses
applied to a body repeatedly or a great number of times.
Metal Fatigue
72The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression
assumes a deflected position.Buckling load
73
It is a point within the structure at which a member
(beam/column) can rotate slightly to eliminate all bending moment
in the member at that point.
Hinge
74It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the
other end is projecting beyond a fixed support.Semi-continuous beam
75
15. Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition
locations are subject to change shall be designed to support in
addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed load equal to
1000 pa
76The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of
a structure or road slab caused by the presence of water.Uplift pressure
77
The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform
thickness with forged loop or head of greater width than the body,
with is proportioned to provide approximately equal strength both in
the head and the body.
Eyebar
78
A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed
compactly to protect the banks or bed of a river from the eroding
effects of the flowing water.
Riprap
79
A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded
plateshose thicknesses are small compared to
their other dimensions.
Thin shell
80It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or
other horizontal forces on a building.Overturning moment
81It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or
other horizontal forces on a building.Sway brace
82
This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads
on a platform consisting usually of two layers of rolled steel joists,
one on top of other, at right angles.
Grillage foundation
83
Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to
reduce its shrinkage and ensure that it will not move. Common
methods are mixing the soil with cement or compaction
Soil Stabilization
84
A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to
collect water into which a pump is placed the liquid to the sewer
pipe.
Sump pit
85It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges
in alternate spans, functions essentially as a cantilever beam.Gerber beam
86An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the
ground with respect to a stationary point during an earthquake.Seismometer
87
The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry
imposed loads when subjected to vibration such as earthquake
particularly when water table saturates this layer.
Liquefaction
88It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or
window to carry the wall over opening.Lintel beam
4/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
89
For any given granular material, the steepest angle with
horizontal, a heaped soil surface will make in normal condition that
will not slide.
Angle of repose
90An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____%
open. (NSCP 207)80%
91Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean
roof height less than or equal to? (NSCP 207.20)18 m
92The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is
equal to? (NSCP 207.50)1.15
93The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal
to?1,15
94The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy
structures is equal to?1
95The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is
equal to?0.87
96
Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M.
falls on what exposure category for wind
loading? (NSCP 207.5.3)
Exposure A
97Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than
9M. Falls on what exposure category for wind loading?Exposure C
98
Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water
for a distance of at least 2 km falls on what exposure category for
wind loading?
Exposure D
99
Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with
numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single family
dwelling or larger falls on what exposure category for wind loading?
Exposure B
100 Zone 1 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 250
101 Zone 2 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 200
102 Zone 3 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 125
103
In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual
strength test (average of 2 cylinders) falls below fc by more than
_______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)
3.50 mpa
104
Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed
_______times the least width b of compression flange or face.
(NSCP 410.5.10)
50 times
105
For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it
shall be permitted to take the radius of gyration equal to
_______times the overall dimension of the direction of stability is
being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20)
0.30
106
For members whose design is based on compressive force, the
slenderness ratio kL/r preferably should not exceed ________?
(NSCP 502.8.1)
200
107For members whose design is based on tensile force, the
slenderness ratio L/r preferably should not exceed _________.300
108For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area
of the pinhole for pin connected members is _________.0.45 fy
109Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress
shall not exceed _______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1)0.60 fy
110
For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the
pinhole parallel to the axis of the member shall not be less than
_______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP 504.4.2.1)
2/3.
5/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
111
For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to
provide for relative movement between connected parts while under
full load, the diameter of the pinhole shall not be more than
______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP 504.4.2.3)
0.80mm
112
The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent
welds correctly two rolled shapes in contact for a built up section
shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.4)
600 mm.
113The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not
exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.80)140 mm
114The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not
exceed ________.200 mm
115
For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members
with compact sections where the flanges continuously connected to
web the allowable bending stress is _________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)
.66 fy
116
For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non
compact section requirements of section 502.6, the allowable
bending stress is ________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)
.60 fy
117Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be
spaced not more than ______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)300 mm
118
Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the
transformed composite section shall be used in calculating the
concrete flexural compressed stress and for construction without
temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied
after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength.
75%
119Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral
concrete covering. (NSCP 509.5.8)25 mm
120The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along
the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.6 d of connector
121The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along
the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.8 d of connector
122
Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag
bars and girts, shall be designed to support not less than ________Kn
of force. (NSCP 510.10.61)
26.70 kn
123
The connections at ends of tension or compression members in
trusses shall develop the force due to the design load, but no less
than _______% at the effective strength of the member unless a
smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers
other factors including handling, shipping and erection.
(NSCP 510.2.5.1)
50%
124
When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the
spacing of stud shear connector along the length of the supporting
beam or girder shall not exceed _______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2)
900 mm
125The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater
than 20mm is ________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)8mm
126The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is
________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)3mm
127The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over
12mm to 20mm is ________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)6mm
6/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
128
A property of a material that enables it to undergo
plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the
elastic limit and before rupturing._____________is a
desirable property of structural material since plastic
material since plastic behavior is an indicator of
reserve strength and can serve as a visual warning of
impending failure.
ductility
129
In structural design ________________is considered
as wide shallow rectangular beam. The reinforcing
steel is usually spaced uniformly over its width. The
flexural reinforcement of a one way slab extends in
one direction only.
one way slab
130
It is an external shear force at a cross section of a
beam or other member subject to bending. Equal to
the algebraic sum of transverse forces on one side of
the section.
transverse shear
131
The structural term which critical point at which a
column carrying its critical buckling load, may either
buckle or remain undeflected. The column is
therefore in the state of neutral equilibrium.
bifurcation
132
In concrete protection for reinforcement
___________mm is the standard minimum thickness
for concrete covering not exposed to weather or in
contact with ground, such as slabs walls and joists.
20mm
133
An instrument for measuring minute deformation in
a test specimen caused by tension, compression,
bending or twisting. It is also called EXTENSOMETER.
stain gauge
134For structural properties of A36 steel the maximum
allowable stress (Fb) for bending is.24 ksi
135
It is a part of a beam that is thickened or deepened
to develop greater moment resistance.
The efficiency of a beam can be increased by shaping
its length in response to the moment and shear
values which typically vary along its longitudinal axis.
haunch
136 What is the meaning of PERT-CPM?
Program Evaluation
Review Technique-
Critical
Path Method
137
They maybe categorized as building or non building.
It is an assembleage designed to support gravity
loads and resist lateral forces.
structure
138
It is a vertical pipe, often sheet metal, used to
conduct water from a roof drain or gutter to the
ground. It is another term for down spout,
rainwater leader
139
The area where water is pumped from within to
permit free access to the area. A temporary
watertight enclosure around an area of water or
water bearing soil, in which construction is to take
place, bearing on a stable statum at or above the
foundation level of new construction.
coffer dam
7/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
140A membrane structure that is placed in tension and
stabilized by the pressure of compresses air.net structure
141
A steel beam fabricated by the dividing the web of a
wide flange section with a lengthwise section zigzag
cut, then welding both halves together at the peaks,
thus increasing its depth without increasing its
weight.
castellated beam
142
A structure of cables suspended and pre-stressed
between compression members to directly support
applied loads.
suspension structure
143One pair of vertical angles fastened to each side of
web plate to solidify it against buckling.stiffener
144
Integral part of a beam that forms a flat, rigid
connection between two broader, parallel parts, as
the flanges of the structural shape.
web
145A high tension bolt having splined and twists off
when required torque has been reached.tension control bolt
146
The oscillating, reciprocating or other periodic
motion of an elastic body or medium when forced
from a position or state of equilibrium.
Vibration
147Is a horizontal structural member in a timber-framed wall. resist lateral loads from wind
and support wall cladding
materials.
Girt
148 A brace fitted into a frame work to resist force in the direction of its length. Struts
149
Is a structural element which divides adjacent window units, may also vertically divide
double doors, acts as a
structural member, and it carries the dead load of the weight above the opening and the
wind load acting on the
window unit back to the building structure. The term is also properly applied to very large
and deep structural
members in many curtain wall systems.
Mullion
150
Is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically
a region bounded by a
closed curve.
Area
151
The stress at which material strain changes from elastic deformation to plastic
deformation, causing it to deform
permanently.
Yield strength
152
In engineering mechanics, (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a
structural element subjected to an
external load applied perpendicular to the axis of the element.
Bending
153
Is a statue, building, or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important
event. They are frequently used
to improve the appearance of a city or location.
Monument
154
A loads are weights of material, equipment or components that are relatively constant
throughout the structure's
life.
Dead Load
155
Are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural
design by determining the value of shear force and bending moment at a given point of
an element.
Shear and bending
moment diagram
156Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP
407.8.1)75mm
8/40
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
157Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided
to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)Braced frame
158 A wall (bearing or non-bearing) designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the wall Shear
159
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured
footings, the concrete shall
have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)
15 mpa
160 Standard concrete mix for beams, girders, slabs, stairs and columns is ( Class "A"
161
In engineering, buckling -is a failure mode characterized by a sudden failure of a
structural member subjected to high
compressive stresses, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less
than the ultimate
compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. This mode of failure is
also described as failure due
to elastic instability.
Buckling
162What is known as the deformation in which parallel planes slide relative to each other so
as to remain parallel?Shear
163 periodic reversal of stresses fatigue
164 elongation of material subject to axial force strain
165 deformation that accompanies bending of a beam deflection
166 A column that is subjected to both direct axial stress and bending stress is known as? eccentrically loaded
167concrete column whose load capacity must be reduced, according
to code requirements, because of its slendernesslong column
168 projected beyond it supports cantilevered
169 state of a body in which the forces acting on it are equally balanced equillibrium
170What is known as an imaginary line in a beam, shaft, or other bending, where there is no
tension nor compression and where no deformation takes place?neutral axis
171 Unit stress in a bar just before it breaks is called? ultimate strength
172 bending magnitude wherever the shear passes through zero maximum moment
173 the product of the force and lever arms which tends to twist the body Torque
174 unit stress at which deformation increases without any increase in
the loadyield point
175tendency of one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to
an adjacent partvertical shear
176in the design of structures, the maximum unit stress permitted
under working loads by codes and specificationsworking stress
177 It is the tendency of a force to cause rotation about a given point or axis. moment
178 state of rest or motion inertia
179ratio of the force applied to a structure to the corresponding
displacementstiffness
180It is a method of concrete building construction in which floor (and roof) slabs are cast
usually at ground level and then raised into position by jacking.lift slab
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
181 concrete floor system which has no beam flatslab
1It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying space frame. (NSCP
208.20)Bearing wall system
2Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period less than or equal
to 0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20)Rigid component
3Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period greater than 0.60
sec. (NSCP 208.20)Flexible Component
4Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of
not less than (NSCP 307.7.3)200 mm
5
A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection
during the progress of work and _______ years after completion of the project and shall
be preserved by the inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20)
2 years
6 The minimum bend diameter for 10mm through 25mm bars (NSCP 407.30) 6 db
7 The minimum bend diameter for 28mm through 36mm bars (NSCP 407.30) 8 db
8In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between
longitudinal bars shall not be less than? (NSCP 407.7.3) 1.50 db
9
In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement
shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times wall or slab thickness nor farther than?
(NSCP 407.7.5)
450 mm
10Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as one unit shall be united to
___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP 407.7.6.1)4 pcs
11 Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams: (NSCP 407.7.6.3) 36mm
12Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
terminate at different points with at least ____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)40 db
13Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP
407.8.1)75 mm
14 The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab: (NSCP 407.8.1) 20 mm
15In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for flexure without axial loads:
(NSCP 409.2.1)0.9
16In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for shear and torsion: (NSCP
409.4.2.3)0.85
17The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported at the ends only is:
(NSCP 409.6.2)L / 20
18 The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2) L / 24
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19The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is: (NSCP
409.6.2)L / 28
20 The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2) L / 10
21Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than:
(NSCP 410.8.10)0.4
22Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than:
(NSCP 307.4.2)0.75
23Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of non-prestressed member
shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)d/2
24 Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less than: (NSCP 412.3.1) 300 mm
25Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided
to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)Braced Frame
26Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
resisting elements:Diaphragm
27Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by
flexure:
Moment Resisting
Frame
28In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of ________% of floor live
load shall be applicable for storage and warehouse occupancies. (NSCP 208.5.1.1)25%
29 The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than _______% slope. (NSCP 302.2.2) 50%
30
Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify
in writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than _____days before such
excavation is to be made. (NSCP 302.2.4)
10 days
31Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than ____% slope (NSCP
302.3.1)50%
32The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary line: (NSCP
302.4.3).60 m
33 The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3) 6 m.
34In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured
footings, the sand shall be thoroughly compacted by tamping in layers not more than
_____mm in depth? (NSCP 305.7.3)
200 mm
35
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured
footings, the concrete shall have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP
305.7.3)
15 mpa
36
When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on soils, they shall be
completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover shall be at least _____mm on the
bottom. (NSCP 305.8)
150 mm
37
Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon wood sills or steel plates
placed directly upon the ground surface, provided soil pressure does not exceed
____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)
50 kpa
38The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to
foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)12 mm
39The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to
foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)16 mm
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
40
Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to seismic forces shall be
interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be capable of resisting in tension or compression
a minimum horizontal force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP
306.20)
10%
41Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)1.50 m.
42Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)3.0 m
43The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be _____times the average
diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.130 times
44Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than
______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)17.50 mpa
45Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than
_____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1)20 mpa
46The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to
center. (NSCP 307.5.1)75 mm
47Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified compressive strength Fc of
not less than ____Mpa. (NSCP 307.5.1)35 mpa
48 The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be? (NSCP 307.6.3) 250 mm
49 Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy? Essential facilities
50 Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to what type of occupancy? Misc. Occupancy
51Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall
to what type of occupancy?Special Occupancy
52Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or
substances fall to what type of category?Hazardous Facility
53The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only. (NSCP
107.2.2)L / 360
54The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load
only. (NSCP 104.2.2)L / 240
55Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least _______times the lateral
force. (NSCP 206.6)2 times
56Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least ______times the
overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)1.5 times
57
As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane load, if powered monorail
cranes are considered, the max. wheel load of the crane shall be increased by what
percent to determine the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)
25%
58
The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically powered trolleys shall be
calculated as ______% of the sum of the rated capacity of the crane and the weight of
the hoist and trolley. (NSCP 206.9.4)
20%
59
The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge cranes with hand
geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the max. wheel load of the crane.
(NSCP 206.9.5
10%
60 An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____% open. (NSCP 207) 80%
61Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean roof height less than or
equal to? (NSCP 207.20)18 m
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
62 The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is equal to? (NSCP 207.50) 1.15
63 The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal to? 1.15
64 The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy structures is equal to? 1
65 The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is equal to? 0.87
66Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M.
falls on what exposure category for wind loading? (NSCP 207.5.3)Exposure A
67Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than 9M. Falls on what
exposure category for wind loading?Exposure C
68Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at
least 2 km falls on what exposure category for wind loading?Exposure D
69
Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced
obstructions having the size of single family dwelling or larger falls on what exposure
category for wind loading?
Exposure B
70 Zone 1 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 250 kph
71 Zone 2 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 200 kph
72 Zone 3 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 125 kph
73In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual strength test (average of 2
cylinders) falls below fc by more than _______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)3.50 mpa
74Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed _______times the least width b
of compression flange or face. (NSCP 410.5.10)50 times
75
For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it shall be permitted to take
the radius of gyration equal to _______times the overall dimension of the direction of
stability is being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20
0.3
76For members whose design is based on compressive force, the slenderness ratio kL/r
preferably should not exceed ________?200
77For members whose design is based on tensile force, the slenderness ratio L/r
preferably should not exceed _________.300
78For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area of the pinhole for pin
connected members is _________. (NSCP 504.4.1.1).45 fy
79Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress shall not exceed
_______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1)0.60 fy
80
For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the pinhole parallel to the axis of
the member shall not be less than _______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP
504.4.2.1)
2/3
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
81
For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to provide for relative
movement between connected parts while under full load, the diameter of the pinhole
shall not be more than ______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP
504.4.2.3)
0.80mm
82
The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent welds correctly two
rolled shapes in contact for a built up section shall not exceed ________. (NSCP
505.5.4)
600 mm
83The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not exceed ________.
(NSCP 505.5.80)140 mm
84 The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not exceed ________. 200 mm
85
For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members with compact sections
where the flanges continuously connected to web the allowable bending stress is
_________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)
.66 fy
86
For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non compact section
requirements of section 502.6, the allowable bending stress is ________. (NSCP
506.4.1.1)
.60 fy
87Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be spaced not more than
______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)300 mm
88
Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the transformed composite
section shall be used in calculating the concrete flexural compressed stress and for
construction without temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied
after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength
75%
89Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral concrete covering. (NSCP
509.5.8)25 mm
90The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
supporting composite beam is ____________.6 dia. Of connector
91The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
supporting composite beam is ____________. (NSCP 509.5.8)8 dia. Of connector
92Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag bars and girts, shall be
designed to support not less than ________Kn of force. (NSCP 510.10.61)26.7
93
The connections at ends of tension or compression members in trusses shall develop
the force due to the design load, but no less than _______% at the effective strength of
the member unless a smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that
considers other factors including handling, shipping and erection. (NSCP 510.2.5.1)
50
94
When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the spacing of stud shear
connector along the length of the supporting beam or girder shall not exceed
_______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2)
900
95The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater than 20mm is
________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)8 mm
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
96The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is ________? (NSCP
510.3.3.2)3 mm
97The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over 12mm to 20mm is
________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)6 mm
98This is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of frame members induced
by vertical loads acting on laterally displaced building frame.P- Delta Effect
99A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the storey above is
considered as __________.Weak Storey
100Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are necessary for emergency post-
earthquake operations, are classified as ___________.Essential facilities
101A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
resisting system including the horizontal bracing system.Diaphragm
102 This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral forces of a building. Braced Frame
103
Constructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily be pumped. What
type of admixture in concrete the contractor will provide which can reduce the
requirement of mixing water and produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and
needs very little vibration
Plasticizer
104The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved after the completion of
the project for at least 2 years
105 What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel? 7850 kg.
106A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with aggregate larger than 10mm
originally sprayed under high air pressure of lining tunnelsShotcrete
107
If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no longer useful for its intended
function or to unsafe, it has reached its __________. Limit State
108
A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden and brittle fracture of a
ductile material due to reversals of stresses applied to a body repeatedly or a great
number of times.Metal Fatigue
109
??? act parallel to each other (offset to each other, a distance d apart), of the same
magnitude but ??? Couple
110The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected
position.Buckling Load
111
It is a point within the structure at which a member (beam/column) can rotate slightly to
eliminate all bending moment in the member at that point. Hinge
112It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting
beyond a fixed support. Semi-Continous Beam
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
113
Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition locations are subject to
change shall be designed to support in addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed
load equal to
1000 pa
114The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of a structure or road slab
caused by the presence of water. Uplift Pressure
115
The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform thickness with forged
loop or head of greater width than the body, with is proportioned to provide
approximately equal strength both in the head and the body.Eyebar
116
A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed compactly to protect the
banks or bed of a river from the eroding effects of the flowing water. Riparap
117
A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded
plateshose thicknesses are small compared to their other dimensions. Thin Shell
118It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a
building.Overturning Moment
119It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a
buildingSway Brace
120
This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads on a platform consisting
usually of two layers of rolled steel joists, one on top of other, at right angles. Grillage Foundation
121
Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to reduce its shrinkage and
ensure that it will not move. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or
compactionSoil Stabilization
122A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to collect water into which a
pump is placed the liquid to the sewer pipe. Sump Pit
123An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a
stationary point during an earthquakeSeismometer
124
The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry imposed loads when subjected
to vibration such as earthquake particularly when water table saturates this layer. Liquefaction
125It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall
over opening.Lintel Beam
126For any given granular material, the steepest angle with horizontal, a heaped soil surface
will make in normal condition that will not slideAngle of Repose
127It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges in alternate spans,
functions essentially as a cantilever beam.Gerber Beam
1281. One of the constituent parts into which a structure may be resolved by analysis,
having a unitary character and exhibiting a unique behavior under an applied load.Structural member
129A major spatial division, usually one of a series, marked or partitioned off by the principal
vertical supports of a structure. Bay
130 Of a pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load-carrying mechanism
that acts in one direction only.One way
131
Any condition, as fracturing, buckling, or plastic deformation, that renders a structural
assembly, element, or joint incapable of sustaining the load-carrying function for which it
was designed.
Structural failure
132A point, surface, or mass that supports weight, esp. the area of contact between a
bearing member, as a beam or truss, and a column, wall, or other underlying support.Bearing
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133 A structural member essential to the stability of a structural whole. Primary Member
134 The load on a structural element or member collected from its tributary area. Tributary Load
135A means for binding a structural member to another or to its foundation, often to resist
uplifting and horizontal forces.Anchorage
136A slender rod driven through holes in adjacent parts to keep the parts together or to
permit them to move in one plane relative to each other. Pin
137A structural support that allows rotation but resist translation in a direction perpendicular
into or away from its face.Roller Support
138 A wall of treated timber, masonry or concrete for holding in place a mass of earth. Retaining Wall
139 A wall supporting no load other than its own weight. Non bearing Wall
140A finish or protective cap or course to an exterior wall, usually sloped or curved to shed
water.Coping
141 A foundation wall that encloses a usable area under the building. Basement Wall
142 Any wall within a building, entirely surrounded by exterior wall. Interior Wall
143 A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening. Lintel
144A retaining wall of reinforce concrete or reinforce concrete masonry, cantilevered from
and securely tied to a spread footing that is shaped to resist overturning and sliding.Cantilever wall
145A galvanize wire basket filled with stones and used in constructing an abutment or
retaining structure.Gabion
146 Yard lumber 5 or more in the least dimension. Timbers
147Softwood lumber intended for general building purpose, including boards, dimension
lumber, and timber.Yard Lumber
148 A check that extends completely through a board or wood veneer. Split
149 The presence of bark or absence of wood at a corner or along an edge of a piece. Wane
150
A vertical laminated wood beam made by fastening together 2 or more smaller members
with bolts, lag screws, or spikes, equal in strength to the sum of the strengths of the
individual pieces if none of the laminations are spliced.
Built up Beam
151A building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into
rigid sheets.Fiber board
152A pitched truss having tension members extending from the foot of each top chord to an
intermediate point of the opposite top chord.Scissors Truss
153 Yard lumber less than 2 thick and 2 or more wide. Boards
154 A plate for uniting structural members meeting in a single plane. Gusset
155A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear
members subject only to axial tension or compression.Truss
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156A joint that physically separates two adjacent building masses so that free vibratory
movement in each can occur independently of the other.Seismic Joint
157The ability of a structure, when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium by an applied
load, to developed internal forces or moments that restore the original condition.Stability
158A cable anchorage that allows rotation but resists translation only in the direction of the
cable. Cable Support
159 Yard lumber from 2 4 thick and 2 or more wide. Dimension Lumber
160The potential high-shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a
reinforce slab.Punching Shear
161 A butt splice made by arc-welding the butted ends of two reinforcing bars. Welded Splice
162Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal
reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension.Stirrup
163 The integral system of members connecting the upper and lower chords of a truss. Web
164An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other
member subject to bending, along which no bending stress occur.Neutral axis
165
The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviated from true course under
transverse loading, increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an increasing in
the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material.
Deflection
166 The extent of space between two supports of a structure. Span
167 A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end. Cantilever Beam
168The buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a
slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction.Lateral Buckling
169A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments present
in a structure for given set of transverse loads and support conditions. Moment Diagram
170A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no
moment resistance.Simple Beam
171
A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as
it deflects under a transverse load: theoretically an internal hinge and therefore a point of
zero moment.
Inflection Point
172A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate
for an anticipated deflection.Camber
173 The center-to-center distance between the supports of a span. Effective Span
174A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space
supporting elements.Beam
175An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a
building support or standing alone as a monument.Pillar
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176
The lowest division of a building or other construction, partly or wholly below the surface
of the ground, designed to support and anchor the superstructure and transmit its load
directly to the earth.
Foundation
177A long slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered
vertically into the earth to form part of a foundation system.Pile
178The part of foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the frostline
and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater area.Footing
179A continuous or strip footing that changes levels in stages to accommodate a sloping site
or bearing stratum.Stepped Footing
180A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present in
a structure for a given set of transverse load and support conditionsShear Diagram
181A thick, slablike footing or reinforced concrete supporting a number of columns or an
entire building. Mat
182The actual pressure developed between a footing and the supporting soil mass, equal to
the quotient of the magnitude of the forces transmitted and the area of contact.Soil Pressure
183The gradual reduction in the volume of a soil mass resulting from the application of a
sustained load and an increase in compressive stress. Consolidation
184A reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically load
pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or footings.Tie Beam
185A foundation system that extends down through unsuitable soil to transfer building loads
to a more appropriate bearing stratum well below the superstructure.Deep Foundation
186One of several piles or post for supporting a structure above the surface of land and
water.Stilt
187 A load extending over the length or area of the supporting structural element. Distributed Load
188 The forces exerted on a structure by an earthquake. Earthquake Load
189 A load acting on a very small area or particular point of a supporting structural element. Concentrated Load
190A reinforced concrete slab or mat joining the heads of a cluster of piles to distribute the
load from a column or grade beam equally among piles.Pile Cap
191 The moment of a force system that causes or tends to cause rotation. Torque
192A load applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating
rapidly in magnitude or position. Static Load
193A wall occurring below the floor nearest grade designed to support and anchors the
superstructure.Foundation Wall
194 An applied force producing or tending to produce shear in a body. Shear Force
195The twisting of an elastic body about its longitudinal axis caused by two equal and
opposite torques, producing shearing stresses in the body.Torsion
196The maximum tensile, compressive, or shearing stress a material can be expected to
bear without rupturing or fracturing.Ultimate Strength
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197 Length required for 180 deg Hook. 4d
198 Curing temperature for concrete. 22.8 deg. C
199 Who decides if Footing on Piles is needed for a building? Soil Mechanics
200 Minimum effective depth of pile cap? 300 mm
201 Minimum controudment of pile on pile cap? 100 mm
202 The following are how to determine the spacing of a tie bar of a column?16d (rebar) , 48d (tiebar), least
dim. Of a column
203 Minimum concrete cover of a column exposed in air / atmosphere. 40 mm
204 Minimum concrete cover of column pedestal exposed in underground soil. 70 mm
205 Length required for 90 deg hook. 12 d
206 ACI code: Minimum column dimension. 200 mm
207 Induce cracking at preselected location. Control Joints
208The stress beyond which a marked increase in strain occurs in a material without a
concurrent increase in stress.Yield Point
209A joint between 2 parts of a building or structure permitting thermal or moisture
expansion to occur without damage to either part.Expansion Joint
210The breaking of a material resulting from the rupturing of its atomic bonds when stressed
beyond its ultimate strength.Fracture
211The act of shortening or state of being pushed together, resulting in a reduction in size or
volume of an elastic body.Compression
212 Length required for 135 deg hook 6 d
213 The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force. Strain
214Allow movement between slab and fixed parts of the building such as columns, walls,
and machinery bases.Isolation Joints
215The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measure by the minimum amount of
longitudinal stress required to rupture the material.Tensile Strength
216The axial stress that develops at the cross section of an elastic body to resist the
collinear compressive forces tending to shorten it.Compressive Stress
217The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when
exposed to the effects of sun, wind, moisture, and changes in temperature.Weatherability
218A joint between two successive placement of concrete, often keyed or doweled to
provide lateral stability across the joint.Construction Joint
219 The elongation of a unit length of material produced by a tensile stress. Tensile Strain
220An internal force tangential to the surface on which it acts, developed by a body in
response to a shear force. Shearing Force
221 A high-strength steel strand or bar for prestressing concrete. Tendons
222A structural steel column thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical
and spiral reinforcement.Composite Column
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223Any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete
beam or slab subjected to a negative movement.Top Bar
224The depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of
the tension reinforcement.Effective Depth
225A concrete section in which the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength
before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain.
Under reinforced
Section
226Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved
recording accelerographs14
227 Maintenance and service of accelorographs shall be provided by the Owner
228Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and
shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading
Occupant of the
Building
229The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of
intermittent application of the same loadLoad Duration
230Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be
reduced14 sq.m.
231Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they are
subjected1.50m
232Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied.
Perpendicular to said wall1/240 wall span
233Maximum deflection of flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
perpendicular to said wall1/120 wall span
234 Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit 60 m2
235The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure
of the level at which the structure as a dynamic vibrator is supportedBase
236A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure
to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting systemCollector
237A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
resisting elements it includes horizontal bracing systemDiaphragm
238 The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure Base Shear
239 An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm Boundary Element
240An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or accentric type which is provided
to resist lateral forcesBrace Frame
241 A essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads Building Frame System
242A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear
Walls or Braced FrameDual System
243The form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a
point away from the column girder jointEccentric Brace Frame
244 The entire assemblage at the Intersection of the members Joints
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
245The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam
-the major horizontal supporting member of the floor system Girder
246
An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load, which collects and transfers
diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements of distributes loads within the diaphragm.
Such members may take axial tension or compression
Diaphragm Strut
247The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial
stresses analogous to the flanges of a beamDiaphragm Chord
248 Those structures which are necessary for emergency post earthquake operations Essential facilities
249 That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forcesLateral Force Resisting
system
250Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile
behavior
Ord. Moment Resisting
Space Frame
251 The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below Story Drift
252The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation
limits prescribed in this documentStrength
253 The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system Platform
254 Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragmHorizontal Bracing
System
255An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral
forcesStructure
256
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system
provides support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls
or braced frames
Bearing wall system
257A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity
loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced framesBuilding Frame System
258
A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for
gravity loads. Moments resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily
by flexural action of members.
Moment resisting Frame
system
259 Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that the story above Weak Storey
260
An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure is
subjected to a ground motion time history. The structures time dependant dynamic
response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of
motions.
Time History analysis
261The effect on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than
parallel to the direction of resistance under considerationOrthogonal Effect
262The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the vertical
loads acting on the laterally displaced building framep-Delta effect
263Material other than water aggregate or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of
concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its propertiesAdmixture
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
264 Concrete that doesnt not conform to definition of reinforced concrete plain concrete
265Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral
dimension of less than three (3 m)Pedestal
266
Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below
proportional limit of material
-in the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for ___Modulus of Elasticity
267In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into
prestressing tendonsJacking Force
268 Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section Embedment Length
269Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding
effects of dead load and superimposed loadsEffective Prestress
270Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of
reinforcement at a critical sectionDevelopment Length
271 Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile Curvature Friction
272 Concrete containing lightweight aggregateStructural Lightweight
concrete
273 Prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting Bonded Tendon
274 ASTM A36 Structural Steel
275 True or False, bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams TRUE
276Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary
reinforcement40 mm
277In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio transverse
strain to the corresponding longitudinal strainPoisson Ratio
278 In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration Slenderness Ratio
279 A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line Torsion
280 A type of concrete floor which has no beam Flat Slab
281 The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part Shear
282 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force Deformation
283The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain
without failureYielding Stress
284It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to stress
-Intensity of force per unit area Stress
285The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent
deformation remaining upon the complete release of stressAllowable Stress
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
286 Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement Stirrup / Tie
287 The measure of stiffness of a material Stiffness Ratio
288 The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes hole through it Punching Shear
289 The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it Deflection
290 Nominal thickness of a timber 6 inches
291The sum of forces in the orthogonal directions and the sum of all moments about any
points are zeroEquillibrium
292
The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be
preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of construction and
after completion of the project for a period of not less than ___
2 years
293 Wood board should have a thickness specification not less than 1"x4"
294 The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight Run
295A high-speed rotary shaping hand power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving
on solid woodPortable Hand Router
296 Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake and ___ Knots
297 Dressed lumber is referred to ___Smooth & Planed
Lumber
298It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be
present at allLive Load
299 The other kind of handsaw other than rip cut saw Cross cut Saw
300 The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks Effective Length
301An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements
between themContraction Joint
302 The total of all tread widths in a stair Total Run
303 The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces Bond Stress
304 A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter Purlin
305A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists
horizontal shear between elementsShear Connector
306 The force per unit area of cross section which tend to produce shear Shear Stress
307 The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strain Hooks Law
308Minimum spacing of bolts in timber connection measured from center of bolts parallel for
parallel to grain loading is equal to ___4 x dia. Of bolt
309According to the provision of the NSCP on timber connection and fastening the loaded
edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least 4 x dia. Of bolt
310NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be
at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 22.5 times
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
311Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in accordance
with NSCP specifications12 mm
312 Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___ 50
313Nails and spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP
specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than __11 dia.
314Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications
shall not exceed1/6 depth of member
315 Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the middle third span
316 Notches in the top and bottom of joist shall not exceed 1/4 depth
317 Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area.60 of specified yield
strength
318 Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area.50 of specified min.
tensile strength
319 Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area 0.45 fy
320Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in
resisting shear0.40 fy
321For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be
increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall be100%
322 The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___ 200
323 The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___ 240
324Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
exposed to earth or weather40 mm
325Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
not exposed to earth or weather20 mm
326Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10 C and
in moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement7 days
327If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___
days before test and shall be tested dry.7 dyas
328Cutting for high early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10 C and in moist
condition for at least the ___days after placement3 days
329The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar)
but not less than ___25mm
330 Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean180 deg. Bend +4db extension
but not less than 65 mm at the
end of bar
331 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller 90 deg. Bend + 6db extension at free end
332 Standard hooks for stirrups and thie hooks 20-25 mm bar90 deg. Bend + 12db extension
at free end
333 Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depth greater than 200 mm .-12mm
334 Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement .+/- 50mm
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
335Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
terminate at different points with a stagger of at least40db
336Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less
than ___ for strands3db
337Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each of member shall to be less than
___ for wire4db
338Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against permanently
exposed earth or weather using bars larger than 36 mm75 mm
339Commonly designed as a beam which bears directly on the column footing
Grade Beam
340a surface discontinuity caused by roughening or scratching
Abrasion
341a narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in
the same planeBatten
342bulges in plaster finish coat resulting from applying finish coat over to damp a base coat
Blistering
343concrete structures under construction, a space where concrete is not to be placed.
Block out
344an iron alloy usually including carbon and silicon which has high compressive strength
but low tensile strength.Cast iron
345
in a suspended acoustical ceiling, a groove cut into the edges of an acoustical tile to
receive splines or supporting members of the ceiling suspension system Kerf
346a roofing tile which is the shape of an s when laid on its side
Pantile
347a metaphoric rock made up of mostly calcite or dolomite
Marble
348
the process of producing metal shapes of a constant cross section by forcing the hot
metal through an orifice in a die by means of a pressure ram Extrusion
349a body acted upon by a balanced force system is in equilibrium
Static Equilibrium
350is the action of one body upon another
Force
351is a single force, a couple, or a force and a couple which acting alone produces the
same effect as the force system Resultant
352
states that the external effect of a force on a body acted upon is independent of the point
of application of the force but the same for all points along its line of actionPriniples of
Transmissibility
353is an arrangement of any two or more forces that act on a body or on a group of related
bodies Force System
354a sketch of a body showing the forces exerted by other bodies on the one being
consideredFree body diagram
355is acting parallel to member axis
Load
356in uniform for homogenous sections
Stress
357tends to elongate the body
Stress due to tension
358tends to shorten the body Stress due to
compression
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
359
is an articulated structure composed of lines or bars assumed to be connected by
frictionless pin at the joints and arranged so that an area enclosed within the boundaries
of the structure is subdivided by the bars into geometric figures which are usually
triangles.
Truss
360
are usually horizontal or nearly horizontal elements carrying a stress primarily due to
shear and flexure, they usually carry load directly from the floor. Beam & Girders
361is a structure in which the reaction components and internal stress cannot be solved
completely using the equation of static equilibrium Detrminate structure
362
a system of framing a building on which floor joists of each storey rest on the top plates
of the storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each step Western Framing
363a pressure exerted against the underground portion of a building created by the
presence of water in the soil. Hydrostatic Pressure
364a steel bolt usually fixed in building structures with its thread portion projecting
Anchor Bolt
365a narrow piece of lumber nailed to the side of a beam along its bottom edge which
carries joist flush with the upper edge of the beam Ledger Strip
366
a flexible blanket type thermal insulation commonly used between studs or joists in frame
construction Batt insulation
367
a system of framing a building in which the studs are continuous to the roof supporting
the second floor joists Balloon Framing
368the boxing in or covering a joist, beam or girder to give the appearance of a larger beam
Beam Blocking
369allowable sag (NSCP)
100 mm
370that part of a building foundation which forms the permanent retaining wall of the
structure below grade Foundation Wall
371joints employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls
Control Joints
372a process where a piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape or dimension
Forging
373a commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and
ductilityWrought Iron
374carries the roof load between trusses or rafters
Purlin
375usually a sloping beam carrying the reactions of purlins
Rafter
376carries the masonry across the opening made by a door or window
Lintel
377a closely spaced beam supporting the floor of a building
Joist
378 similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge Stringer
379large sized beams usually carrying the floor beams
Girder
380spans between columns and supports the floor and curtain walls
Spandrel
381circular beam that transmits power to the machinery
it also carries torsion in addition to shear and flexure Shaft
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
382large roughly molded sun-dried bricks of varying sizes
Adobe
383is a mixture of sand and gravel held together in a rock-like mass with a paste of cement
and water. Concrete
384is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcement provides the
tensile strength lacking in concrete Reinforced Concrete
385height is less than three times the least dimension Pedestal or short
compression blocks
386strength of column is significantly reduced due to slenderness
long or slender column
387failure is initiated by material failure
Short column
388a structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame
Bearing wall system
389a structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing supports for
gravity loads Building Frame System
390the method of stiffening floor construction by fitting solid blocks between joists
Bridging
391a shallow crack at closely spaced by irregular intervals on the surface of mortar or
concrete Checking
392the stressing of un-bonded tendons after the concrete has cured
Post tensioning
393a ready means of determining the consistency of freshly mixed concrete
Slump Test
394the permanent reformation of a material under a sustained load
Creep
395a principal member of a truss which extends from one end to the other primarily to resist
bendingChord
396a composition of two or more metals fused together usually to obtain a desired property
alloy
397the horizontal distance from the face of a lock latch to the center of the knob or lock
cylinderBackset
398a joint formed by overlapping the edges of metal sheet or plated and joining them by
riveting, soldering and brizing.Lap seam
399the tendency for one part of the beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part
Shear
400any material change in shape when subjected to the action of a force
Deformation
401the maximum value of tension, compression or shear respectively which the material can
sustain without failureWorking Stress
402a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting
over public propertyMarquee
403is an extension or increase on floor area or height of a building structure
Addition
404is a method of proportioning structural elements such that computed stresses produced
in the elements by the allowable stress load combinations do not exceed specified
allowable stress (also called working stress design)
Allowable Stress Design
405is any change, addition to or modification in construction or occupancy
Alteration
406is any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy
Building
407a building erected prior to the adoption of NSCP, or one for which a legal building permit
has been issuedExisting Building
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
408
is a method of proportioning structural elements using load and resistance factors such
that no applicable limit state is reached when the structure is subjected to all appropriate
load combinations
the term used in the design of steel and wood structures
LFRD (Load &
Resistance Factor
Design)
409
is a method of proportioning structural e