ROMAN & ANGLO SAXON INVASIONS

Review of previous material

What do we know about the Iberians? Who were the main tribes who invaded

the British Isles? Where did each tribe settle? Which tribe was the most powerful? Describe the look of a Celtic man Describe the culture and traditions of the

Celtic People.

Vocabulary To Repel

Drive or force (an attack or attacker) back or away Fury

A surge of violent anger or other feeling Conquered

Overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force.

Invasion An instance of invading a country or region with an armed force

Slave (society) A person who is the legal property of another.

Adopt Take up or start to use or follow (an idea, method, or course of

action Dominate

Have a commanding influence on; exercise control over.

Roman’s attempt at Invasion

Led by Julius Cesar, Roman army of 10,000 attacks Britain in 55 B.C. The army is repelled by Britons who’s fury

surprised and scared the Roman army. In 54 B.C. Julius Cesar returns with

25,000 men and wins several battles. Many Celtic Chiefs agree to pay tribute to

Rome Julius Cesar then left Britain.

Britain was not conquered and the promised tribute was not paid by the Celtic.

Invasion: You’re Doing it Right

In 43 A.D. Rome invades and conquers South-East part of the Island. Over the next 40 years most of the island was

conquered. Rome never conquered the Scottish

Highlands Were never masters of the entire island

What would this have

looked like?

Physical Changes to the Island Building of roads and bridges

Roman built long strait roads across Briton so troops could be moved quickly across the island. Also allowed for increased trade in Briton. Modern freeways are based upon Roman Roads

Built Hadrian’s Wall in the north to protect Rome against the Scots.

Introduction of Roman architecture and technology Towns were built in Briton. Introduction of public

baths, villas and were surrounded by walls. Transformed London into the Capital City. Transformed agriculture Production to corn and

was the granary of the Roman Empire.

Changes to Culture & Politics

Introduction of slave society to Briton. Romans chose Celtic nobility to join the

Nobility of the Romans. Increased inequality within the Celtic people. Nobel Celts took Roman dress/language/way of life

Lived in towns/villas and owned slaves. Normal Celts didn’t adopt Roman Culture and

continued to live in villages. Started true inequality in England.

Fall of the Roman Empire and lasting influence in Briton

Rome was in Briton for 4 centuries. In 4th Century A.D. Rome went into decline

and in 407 Germanic Tribes invaded Rome. Rome removed armies from Briton and the

Celts were free…. For now. English Language was greatly influenced

by Latin. Many English towns are named after

Roman words In south-east Briton Celtics adopted slave

style nobility of the Romans.

Here Come the Anglo-Saxons

Celtics fought against the invasion but lost. Anglo-Saxon rule of Briton- 5th-11th Century Anglo-Saxons became majority of

population in Briton Their customs, language and religion

became dominate. Celts (except Scots) adopted customs and lang.

Country is named after Angles (England)

Physical Changes to the Island

Destroyed Roman towns. Lived in small villages of about 25 families/

>2000. Communal lands for the peasant class. No trade or businesses during this time. Didn’t repair Roman roads and they were

ruined. Early law was determined by tribal elders.

Cultural & Political Changes Anglo-Saxon Nobility had more than

everyone else. Infighting began and victorious tribes

turned into small kingdoms. Monarchy began in the 8th century.

Introduction of Private Property. Nobles owned land and peasants worked it. This was the introduction of Feudalism in

England.

Christianity & Feudalism

Most people were Pagans before 7th century.

Christianity is adopted in 597AD Reinforced social structure, Feudalism. Brought Latin back to England. Introduced literacy and learning to the county

Though only to upper classes of people. Christian law replaced old laws

Alfred the Great (849-899)

Was only English monarch to be given “the Great”

Fought off the Danes (Vikings) invasion of England.

Built first schools in England Encouraged literacy in England and to

have books written in Old English This was important because all books till then

were written in Latin and thus could only be read by very educated people, mostly the monks.

Review Questions 1. What were the physical changes made by

the Romans?2. What cultural changes were made?

1. Who was affected the most?

3. What caused the Romans to leave Briton?4. Why was Christianity introduced? What

were the changes that occurred because of it?

5. What role did Alfred the Great by in England’s history?

6. What were the major differences between the Roman and Anglo-Saxon societies?

In-class activity ideas Debate about what society was more

influential/important Which was better

Group reporting Groups report on different sections of information

provided to them to the class. A short text review session- This one

Read a separate text about these times Stories/mythology written during this time

Students have to read/analyze text.

Timeline/events matching activity Students get a number of slips of paper with events

written on them… have to put in order.

Home Task

Write a comparative essay, up to 20 sentences, about which invasion was more influential on England. The Romans or the Anglo-Saxons. Use information provided in this presentation

as well as information from other sources: the internet, books, video games.