2 Mukhtasor ISOI Jakarta 2013-konversi energi kelautan

Ocean Renewable Energy in Indonesia:

Notes on the Role of the Oceanologists

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Prof. Dr. Mukhtasor Member, National Energy Council (NEC)

Chairman, Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN)

Professor, Department of Ocean Engineering, ITS

DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

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Outline:

1. Introduction

2. Scope of Ocean Renewable Energy (ORE)

3. Review of ORE Technologies

4. ORE in Indonesia

5. Roles of Oceanologists

6. Closures


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WORLD OCEAN ENERGY RESOURCES

Type Resources (TWh/yr)

Wave 29,500 1

Tidal Current 1,200 2

Ocean Thermal 44,000 3

1 Mork, G., Barstow, S., Pontes, M.T. and Kabuth, A., 2010. Assessing the global wave energy potential. In: Proceedings of OMAE2010 (ASME), 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Shanghai, China, 6 – 10 June 20102 World Energy Council 20103 Nihous, G.C., 2007. A preliminary assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion resources. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 129, page 10 – 17.


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• Ocean energy is renewable; it is a new for Indonesia, and also for the world.

• National Energy Council is advocating the development of ocean energy in Indonesia through the National Energy Policy


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• LEADERSHIPa. Chair : President of the Republic of Indonesiab. Vice Chair : Vice President of the Republic of Indonesiac. Daily Chair : Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

• MEMBERS

NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL

GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS

1. Ministry of Finance;

2. Ministry of Development Planning (BAPPENAS);

3. Ministry of Transportation;

4. Ministry of Industry;

5. Ministry of Agriculture;

6. Menistry of Research and Technology;

7. Ministry of Environment.

1. Mr. Agusman Effendi (Consumers);

2. Prof. Rinaldy Dalimi, Ph.D. (University);

3. Mr. Eddie WidionoS, M.Sc. (Industry);

4. Dr. Herman Darnel Ibrahim, M.Sc. (Industry)

5. Prof. Widjajono Partowidagdo, Ph.D. (Technology);

6. Prof. Dr. Mukhtasor (Environment);

7. Prof. Dr. Herman Agustiawan (Consumers);

8. Dr. Tumiran (University).9



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Scope of ORE

Ocean energy covers a series of emerging technologies that use the power of waves, ocean currents, tides, ocean thermal energy gradient and salinity gradient to generate energy1.

Products can include: electricity, heat, cooling, water (drinking and pressurized), biofuels, chemicals

Ocean energy is a nascent, but truly international industry

1 Ocean Energy Glossary, Co-ordinated Action of Ocean Energy (CA-OE) within collaborative action with Implementing Agreement on Ocean Energy Systems (IEA-OES), 2007


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Scope of ORE


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Wave Power


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Wave Power

Pelamis Attenuator (750 kW)

GMR Wave Power Plant, Spain

Yongsoo wave power plant (500 kW OWC), Korea


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Tidal Current


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Tidal Current

Seagen (1,2 MW)Marine Current Turbines Ltd (UK)

Open Hydro (250 kW)Ireland (Installation at EMEC)


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Tidal Barrage

Annapolis Royal (20 MW)Nova Scotia, Canada

Barrage de la Rance (240 MW)St. Malo, France

Tidal barrage Sihwa Lake (254 MW)Seoul, Republic of Korea


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Hawaii

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/OTEC_in_Hawaii.jpg


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Salinity Gradient

2009. World’s first prototype osmotic power plant, near Oslo, Norway


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ORE in Indonesia

• Energy Policies• Institutional Development• Resources Assessment • Technologycal Development• Steps Towards Pilot Projects


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• Law No. 30/2007 on Energy

• Law No. 17/2007 on Long Term Development Planning

• National Energy Policy (President Decree No. 5/2006) and Its Blueprint National Energy Management

ENERGY POLICIES (1)


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Energy Mix 2010-2050 Submitted to House of Representative (DPR)

2030

2010 2025

2050

(%)Minyak Bumi

Gas Bumi

Batubara

EBT

25%

22%30%

23%

22%

23%30%

25%20%

24%25%

31%

49%

22%24%

5%


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• Ocean energy has nowdays been received a greater attention from universities, government agencies, companies and public.

• The Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN) has been established (2011) to foster research, development, publication and application of ocean energy.

Institutional Development


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• Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN):– Goal:

“Encouraging the widespread utilization of ocean energy in Indonesia”

– Objective:

“To accommodate stakeholders and to facilitate members for increasing their role in ocean energy utilization”


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I. Meeting and Workshop

1. Rapat Kerja ASELI I, 18 Januari 2011

2. Rapat Kerja ASELI II, 1 Februari 2011

3. Rapat Kerja ASELI III, 15 Maret 2011

4. Rapat Kerja ASELI IV, 31 Maret 2011

5. Rapat Kerja ASELI V, 14 April 2011

6. Seminar Potensi Energi Listrik dari Arus Laut, bekerjasama dengan Puslitbang PLN,

26 April 2011

7. Rapat Kerja ASELI VI: Pengembangan Energi Laut, bekerjasama dengan KLH, 30-31

Mei 2011

8. Rapat Koordinasi Pengurus dan Komite ASELI, 16 Juni 2011

INOCEAN since 2011 and then

Asosiasi Energi Laut Indonesia


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9. Rapat Kerja ASELI VII, 23 Juni 2011

10. Lokakarya Pemetaan Potensi Energi Laut, bekerjasama dengan PPPGL, 18-20 Juli 2011

11. Seminar “Towards Ocean Energy Industrialization in Indonesia”, bekerjasama dengan

P3TKP-KKP, 4 Agustus 2011

12. Rapat Kerja Kebijakan dan Program Pengembangan Energi Laut, bekerjasama dengan

EBTKE, 8 September 2011

13. Workshop Pengembangan Energi Laut, bekerjasama dengan EBTKE, 30 November

2011

14. Lokakarya Finalisasi Data Potensi Energi Laut dan Penguatan Regulasi, bekerjasama

dengan KLH dan Kemenristek, Bandung 5 April 2012

15. Lokakarya Percepatan Pengembangan Energi Laut, bekerjasama dengan PPPGL,

Sumedang 20-22 Juni 2012



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16. Workshop Energi Laut “Indonesia-Japan Cooperation”, bekerjasama dengan Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Jakarta 22 November 2012

17. Focus Group Discussion “Penyusunan Road Map Regulasi Energi Laut”, bekerjasama

dengan Kemenristek, Bandung 7-8 Mei 2013

18. Indian Ocean and Pacific Conference (IOPAC), dalam rangka APEC Summit, Bali 18-21

Juni 2013

19. Rapat Tim Penyusunan Buku Road Map Regulasi Energi Laut (Juli-Agustus 2013)

20. Roadshow Sosialisasi Road Map Regulasi Energi Laut ke stakeholders terkait: Balitbang

ESDM, Balitbang KP, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, Kementerian Ristek, BPPT,

Kementerian Perindustrian, Kementerian Perhubungan, Kementerian Keuangan,

Kementerian Perdagangan, Direktorat Jenderal EBTKE, Dewan Energi Nasional

(Agustus – November 2013).



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II. National and National Meeting and Conferences

1. 19th Exco Meeting Ocean Energy System, Irlandia, 29 September-2 Oktober 2010

2. Workshop on “the Status on the Marine Renewable Energy Technology Development

in the Western Pacific”, Malaysia 15-18 Februari 2012

3. Workshop Perumusan Model Pengembangan Energi Laut, Jakarta 26 Maret 2012

4. Seminar Nasional “Indonesia Menuju Kemandirian Energi Listrik Berkelanjutan dan

Ramah Lingkungan”, bekerjasama dengan UKI, Jakarta 28-30 Maret 2012

5. 22th Exco Meeting of the International Energy Agency-Ocean Energy System (IEA-

OES), Korea 17-18 Mei 2012

6. EBTKE-CONEX 2012, Jakarta, 17-19 Juli 2012

7. EBTKE-CONEX 2013, Jakarta, 21-23 Agustus 2013

8. Sosialisasi Energi Laut dalam pertemuan Indonesian Marine and Fisheries

Socioeconomics Research Network (IMFISERN), Semarang 28 September 2013.



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INOCEAN Publications

1. Ocean Energy Potential Maps

Indonesian ocean energy potentials have been ratified in 2011, consisting of potensi teoritis (theoritical resources), potensi teknis (technical resources) dan potensi praktis (practical resources).

Type Theoretical Resources (MW)

Technical Resources (MW)

Practical Resources (MW)

Ocean thermal

57,000 52,000 43,000

Ocean and Tidal current

160,000 22,500 4,800

Ocean wave 510,000 2,000 1,200

Total 727,000 76,500 49,000


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Tidal Current Energy Reserves (ASELI 2011)


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Wave Energy Reserves (ASELI 2011)


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Ocean Thermal Energy Reserves (ASELI, 2011)


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2. Profile Book (2012)3. Ocean Energy Regulation Road

Map (2013)


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4. Adoption into Official National Publications(Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources)

(a) Revalidation and serial FGD and workshops

(b) Launching by the Minister, schedulled by 13 December 2013

- National ocean enegy potentials map (wave, currents, thermal)

- National ocean development roadmap or pilot project


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5. Supporting technologies

Wave technology

(1) PLTGL Sistem Bandulan

[ITS, Puslitbang PLN, Ristek]

(2) Naga Listrik

[BPPH-BPPT]


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Wave technology

(3) Wave Rotor

[BPPH-BPPT]

(4) Wave Rider

[ITB]


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Wave technology

(5) Oscillating Water Column

[BPDP-BPPT]

(6) PLT Ombak

[PT. Primasprings]


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Tidal current technology

(1) PLTAL Tipe Darius

[UPT BPPH-BPPT]

(2) Low Velocity Blade Release Turbine

[P3TKP-KKP]


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Tidal currents technology

(3) T-Files Turbine(4) Vortex Induced Vibration Converter

[ITS]


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Tidal currents technology

(5) Cicip S


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Ocean Energy System (OES)

International vision

INOCEAN Collaborations

INDUSTRIAL GOAL :By 2050 ocean energy will have grown to 337 GW of installed wave and tidal energy capacity.

SOCIETAL GOAL :By 2050 ocean energy will have created 1.2 million direct jobs and saved nearly 1.0 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions.


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6. Steps Towards Pilot Projects

(a) Implementation purposes

Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources, and Ministry of Fisheries & Ocean

(b) Test bed for technological window

Scheme: South East Asian Marine Energy Centre (SEAMEC)

INOCEAN / ASELI in collaboration with

United Kingdom

Robert Gordon University (RGU) and

Ministry of Research & Tech.

Development of Pilot Projects


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Role of Oceoanologists

1. Resources Assessment

2. Policy and Regulation

3. National Technology

4. Pilot Projects

5. Capacity Building


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Roles of OceoanologistsNo. CLASTER DESCRIPTION

1 RESOURCES ASSESSMENT Potential Site Survey and Mapping

Standardization of natural resource assessment

Publication on ocean energy Potency

2 POLICY & REGULATION Technology Standardization & certification

Manual Guidance

Frame work permit for marine spatial

Framework permit for ocean energy implementation

Frame work permit on ocean energy business system

National energy mix

Feed-in tariff

Incentive regulation for R&D project


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Roles of OceoanologistsNo. CLASTER DESCRIPTION

4 NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Advance research, design & engineering

Prototyping & Evaluation

5 PILOT PROJECTS Readiness technology

Establishing of ocean energy center

Establishing of ocean energy data center

Socio-economic assessment

Environmental assessment

Sites selection

6 CAPACITY BUILDING National experts on ORE

Education and training on ORE


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Resources Assessment

Roles of Oceoanologists:Examples


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DEPLOYMENT SELAT ALAS(Erwandi 2010)

Resources Assessment


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A Comparison: ADCP and Numerical (Erwandi 2010)

ADCP vs Numerical

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Day

V (

m/s

)

Numerical

Measurement


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Environmental impacts

Roles of Oceoanologists:Examples


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• The purpose of Annex IV: to facilitate efficient government oversight of the development of ocean energy systems by compiling and disseminating information about the potential environmental effects of marine energy technologies and to identify methods of monitoring for these effects.

• Annex IV final report contains three case studies of specific interactions of marine energy devices with the marine environment that survey, compile, and analyze the best available information in one coherent location.

• Annex IV will address ocean wave, tidal and ocean current energy development, but not ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) or salinity gradients.


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OES - Annex IV Case Studies, Goals, and Objectives

The three case studies and their specific objectives are briefly described below:

• CASE STUDY 1 – Interaction of marine animals with turbine blades

• CASE STUDY 2 – Effects of acoustic output from tidal and wave devices on marine animals

• CASE STUDY 3 – The environmental effects of marine energy development on physical systems


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CASE STUDY 1 – Interaction of Marine Animals with Turbine Blades

Specific objectives:1. Identify tidal and in-stream projects that have monitoring data

about marine animal interactions with turbine blades.

2. Collect ancillary information from laboratory flume and tank studies and numerical modeling studies that may inform the understanding of the interaction of marine animals with turbine blades.

3. Evaluate the comparability and applicability of the information from different projects and ancillary studies to determine interactions between marine animals and turbine blades.

4. Identify key gaps in data and studies that need to be filled to complete the understanding of these interactions.


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CASE STUDY 2 – Effects of Acoustic Output From Tidal And Wave Devices on Marine

AnimalsSpecific objectives:1. Identify tidal and wave projects that have monitoring data about

the effects of acoustics on marine animals.

2. Collect ancillary information from laboratory studies and numerical modeling simulations that may inform the understanding of the effects of acoustics from tidal and wave systems on marine animals.

3. Evaluate the comparability and applicability of the information from different tidal and wave projects and ancillary studies to determine the effects of acoustics on marine animals.

4. Identify key gaps in data and studies that need to be filled to complete the understanding of the effects of noise from marine energy projects on marine animals.


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CASE STUDY 3 – The Environmental Effects Of Marine Energy Development On Physical

SystemsSpecific objectives:1. Identify tidal and wave projects that have monitoring data that can

be used to determine physical changes in the environment.

2. Collect ancillary information from laboratory studies and numerical modeling simulations that may inform the understanding of the potential effects of tidal and wave systems on the physical environment.

3. Evaluate the comparability and applicability of the information from different tidal and wave projects and ancillary studies to determine the potential effects on the physical marine environment.

4. Identify key gaps in data and studies that need to be filled to complete the understanding of the effects of marine energy projects on the physical environment.


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Annex IV

The information collected through the Annex IV effort and referenced in this report, can be accessed on the Tethys database.


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Tethys Knowledge Base


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OTEC Impacts

1. Withdrawal and Discharge Water:

A 100 MW facility would use 10-20 billion gallons per day of warm surface

water and cold water from a depth of approximately 3300 feet (1000

meters). The impacts of discharging this large volume of water in the

ocean needs to be better studied. The water discharged from OTEC

facilities will be cooler, denser and more nutrient rich due to the

composition of the deep cold water being different from the receiving

waters. Nutrient rich water (with nitrogen and phosphorus) would likely be

discharged at a depth where the ambient water is warmer and

oligotrophic (nutrient poor). The resulting indirect and cumulative impacts

to marine biota and the dynamics of the marine ecosystem from these

displacements are not fully understood.Source: NOAA's Office of Ocean & Coastal Resource Management


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OTEC Impacts

2. Impingement and Entrainment:

Screens are needed for both the warm and cold water intake systems to

prevent debris and larger species from entering an OTEC facility.

Impingement may occur where organisms become trapped against the

intake screen. Smaller organisms which pass through the intake screen may

be entrained through the system. Both could be lethal to the organisms.

3. Biocide Treatments:

The warm water that is used in the OTEC facility would need to be treated

with a biocide (e.g., chlorine) to maintain the efficiency of the heat

exchangers in the OTEC facility. The amount of biocide needed will likely be

less than the maximum discharge allowed under the Clean Water Act.

Source: NOAA's Office of Ocean & Coastal Resource Management


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THANK YOU

Kalaulah tak ada butiran air matatak kan mungkin hati ini direbut

Kalaulah bukan karena cintatak kan mungkin mengembangkan energi laut

Prof. Dr. MukhtasorMobile: +62 81 330 42 42 24

Email: [email protected]

2 Mukhtasor ISOI Jakarta 2013-konversi energi kelautan

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