2. Method Aerosol physical and chemical properties were measured in two sites in

Amazonia since January 2008. The clean site is at central Amazonia and is located in a pristine Amazonian forest site. A second sampling site is located in Porto Velho, Rondonia, an area strongly affected by land use change and biomass burning emissions. Long term measurements, are being carried out in these two sites, as part of the AEROCLIMA Project.

In both sites Stacked Filter Units (SFU) are being used to collect aerosol particles in two size fractions: PM10 and PM2.5.

Gravimetric analysis, black carbon from reflectance analyze as well as trace elements are being measured in the filters. X-ray Fluorescence using a PanAnalytical EDXRF Epsilon 5 instrument allows the detection of up to 24 trace elements. The organic aerosol component is measurement from organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) by thermal-optic method (Sunset Lab.) The receptor model PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) was used to quantify the absolute contribution of the sources of aerosols.

Andréa Arana1, Paulo Artaxo2 1 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia -

INPA, CEP 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brazil.2 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo,

CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.E-mail: andreaarana@inpa.gov.br

artaxo@ifusp.com.br

1. IntroductionCentral Amazonia is one of the few continental sites in the world where we

can still observe very little impact of anthropogenic pollution (Davidson et al., 2012). Aerosol particles and trace metals show very low concentrations, because the air masses have travelled about 2.000 Km over pristine rainforest before being measure at sites North of Manaus (Martin et al., 2011).

4. Acknowledgment We acknowledge Alcides C. Ribeiro, Ana L. Loureiro, Fernando Morais and Livia Oliveira for

support during sample collection. We also thank FAPESP and CNPq and the LBA Central office for support. We thank INPA, CLIAMB, CAPES and FAPEAM for a scholarship support.

.

Atmospheric Aerosol in Amazônia: Organic and Inorganic Components in areas

with different land uses.

Figure 1 – Study area, remote region with little influence of anthropogenic activities ,Manaus (left) and area strongly affected by land use change and biomass burning, Porto Velho (right).

Rio Amazonas

Rio Negro

Presidente Figueiredo

Barragem

Porto Velho

Manaus

3. Results

Table 1 - Average concentrations in ng/m3 for trace elements in Rebio Cuieiras for wet and dry seasons. Fine mode fraction is represented by PM2.5 (particles less than 2,5 micrometers). The term “Coarse Mode” refers to particles with diameter 2.5<dp<10 micrometers. PM refers to the aerosol mass concentration and BC for the black carbon component.

MANAUS Wet Season Dry Season PM2.5 Coarse Mode PM2.5 Coarse Mode MP 1650 ± 920 6190 ± 2040 4870 ± 2390 5950 ± 2500

BC 94 ± 63 58 ± 17 325 ± 205 60 ± 19

Mg 10 ± 18 11 ± 18 2,84 ± 7,72

Al 80 ± 106 78 ± 99 28 ± 22 44 ± 30

Si 158 ± 220 156 ± 219 34 ± 25 58 ± 41

P 3,27 ± 2,23 27 ± 7 2,49 ± 1,76 22 ± 13

S 91 ± 51 44 ± 15 228 ± 145 50 ± 33

Cl 0,60 ± 0,43 53 ± 66 2,07 ± 1,28 25 ± 33

K 25 ± 21 73 ± 21 92 ± 80 71 ± 36

Ca 10 ± 11 21 ± 18 4,96 ± 2,96 16 ± 8

Ti 5,03 ± 6,80 5,50 ± 7,07 2,11 ± 1,32 4,41 ± 2,72

V 0,32 ± 0,61 0,02 ± 0,06 0,30 ± 0,36 0,29 ± 0,36

Cr 0,12 ± 0,20 0,19 ± 0,25 0,23 ± 0,27 0,28 ± 0,24

Mn 0,65 ± 0,67 0,77 ± 0,85 0,32 ± 0,22 0,54 ± 0,29

Fe 33 ± 44 36 ± 47 19 ± 14 35 ± 22

Ni 0,27 ± 0,33 0,05 ± 0,06 0,24 ± 0,30 0,03 ± 0,04

Cu 0,07 ± 0,10 0,20 ± 0,11 0,80 ± 2,32 0,24 ± 0,15

Zn 0,35 ± 0,21 0,76 ± 0,27 1,26 ± 0,63 0,89 ± 0,37

Br 0,15 ± 0,09 0,16 ± 0,14 0,85 ± 0,57 0,19 ± 0,17

Pb 0,03 ± 0,07 0,24 ± 0,25 0,04 ± 0,06

PORTO VELHO

Wet Season Dry Season

PM2.5 Coarse Mode PM2.5 Coarse Mode

PM 5440 ± 6610 8490 ± 5630 42800 ± 46450 11100 ± 11200 BC 513 ± 464 94 ± 57 3484 ± 340 274 ± 333 Na 16 ± 23 18 ± 25 53 ± 56 49 ± 49 Mg 7 ± 9 11 ± 18 38 ± 46 76 ± 153 Al 41 ± 61 75 ± 113 231 ± 189 382 ± 340 Si 52 ± 76 106 ± 154 220 ± 179 460 ± 411 P 9 ± 7 41 ± 33 18 ± 12 15 ± 16 S 206 ± 217 59 ± 40 717 ± 570 135 ± 148 Cl 1.4 ± 2.1 13 ± 13 15 ± 19 9 ± 11 K 103 ± 118 115 ± 73 614 ± 467 143 ± 152

Ca 5 ± 7 17 ± 26 20 ± 15 49 ± 49 Ti 2 ± 4 6 ± 9 15 ± 12 30 ± 28 V 0.39 ± 0.66 0.36 ± 0.51 1.57 ± 2.05 2 ± 2 Cr 0.75 ± 1.06 0.74 ± 0.96 4 ± 5 4 ± 5 Mn 0.70 ± 0.95 0.77 ± 0.76 3 ± 3 3 ± 4 Fe 35 ± 50 85 ± 107 192 ± 154 359 ± 313 Ni 0.21 ± 0.23 0.28 ± 0.43 1.56 ± 2.67 1.32 ± 2.09 Cu 0.79 ± 2.34 0.42 ± 0.39 2 ± 2 1.84 ± 2.50 Zn 2.16 ± 6.61 1.35 ± 1.89 3 ± 2 2.17 ± 2.20 As 0.01 ± 0.03 0.22 ± 0.26 0.05 ± 0.23 1.80 ± 1.20 Br 1.46 ± 2.61 0.93 ± 2.03 7 ± 8 4 ± 4 Pb 1.21 ± 1.46 0.93 ± 1.05 6 ± 11 6 ± 11

Table 2 - Average concentrations in ng/m3 for trace elements in Porto Velho for wet and dry seasons. Fine mode fraction is represented by PM2.5 (particles less than 2,5 micrometers). The term “Coarse Mode” refers to particles with diameter 2.5<dp<10 micrometers. PM refers to the aerosol mass concentration and BC for the black carbon component.

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Figure 2 – Terrmograms showing the types of carbon present in atmospheric aerosol in Porto Velho and Rebio Cuieiras.

Figure 3 – Aerosol components obtained by Positive Matrix Fatorization (PMF) in Rebio Cuieiras.