HOST PATHOGENS

AGEGENETICSNUTRITIONETC.

INVASIVENESSESCAPE MECHANISM

PATHOGENICITYETC.

ANTIPARASITIC BALANCE PATHOLOGICAL

I M M U N I T YI M M U N I T YI M M U N I T YI M M U N I T Y

Specificities

Diversities

Memory

Non reactivity to self

For structures shared by groups of related organisms

Limited

No

Yes

INNATEINNATE

For microbial and non microbial-antigens

Large

Yes

Yes

ADAPTIVEADAPTIVE

Components of Innate Immunity :Components of Innate Immunity :

Barriers Epithelial layers

Defensins

Intraepithelial lymphocytes

Circulating Effector CellsNeutrophils

Macrophages

NK Cells

Circulating effector proteinsComplement

C-Reactive proteinMannose Binding Protein/lectin

Coagulation factors

CytokinesIFNIL-1, IL-12, TNF, IL-10

Inflammation

Acute phase response

Fever

Phagocytosis

NK Cell

Classical pathwayClassical pathway

Lectin PathwayLectin

PathwayAlternati

ve Pathway

Alternative

Pathway C1q MBP C3b

C1r C1r C1s MASP C1s P

C4 C4 C4 D

C2 C2 C2 B

C3b

C3

C5b6789 = MAC= Membrane Atack Complex

C5

C5a

C5b

C5b

C6

C7

C5b

C6

C7 C8

C6

C6

C7 C8

C5b

C6

C7 C8

C5 convertase

MAC : Membrane MAC : Membrane Attack ComplexAttack Complex

C9

C9

C6

MAC : Membrane MAC : Membrane Attack ComplexAttack Complex

C9C5b

C6

C7 C8

C9C5b

C6

C7 C8

C9C5b

C6

C7 C8

C9C5b

C6

C7 C8

Classical Pathway

Antigen-antibody complex

Classical Pathway

Antigen-antibody complex

Alternative Pathway

Pathogen surfaces

Alternative Pathway

Pathogen surfaces

C 1 , 4 , 2

C 1 , 4 , 2

C 3 , B , D

C 3 , B , D

C 3 / C 5 convertaseC 3 / C 5

convertase

C 4a , C 5a , C3a

C 4a , C 5a , C3a

C 5b , C 6 --- C 9

C 5b , C 6 --- C 9

C 3bC 3b

Inflammation

Phagocyte recruitment

Inflammation

Phagocyte recruitment

Opsonization of

pathogens

Opsonization of

pathogens

MAC

Lysis of pathogens and cells

MAC

Lysis of pathogens and cells

Lysis of microbes

Inflammation

Phagocytosis of opsonized microbes

Biological effects of Complement system

Lysis of microbes

Inflammation

Phagocytosis of opsonized microbes

Biological effects of Complement system

Macrophage

TNFTNF

IL-1IL-1

IL-6

IL-8

IL-12

IFN-

Cytokines

Complement

NK

MacrophageMacrophage

PMNPMN

Ly. B-1Ly. T

Mast cell

TNF, IL-1, 6, 8, TNF, IL-1, 6, 8, 1212

Th0

Th1

Th2

B

Specific immunity = aquired

Cacing

Kuman intra-sel

Kuman ekstrasel

Th0

Th1

Th2

B

IgG

IgA

IgMIgE

CTL

Fungsi antibodi :Fungsi antibodi :

1.1. AglutinasiAglutinasi : IgM, IgG: IgM, IgG

2.2. Aktivasi Complement Aktivasi Complement : IgM, IgG: IgM, IgG

3.3. Proteksi mukosa Proteksi mukosa : IgA , IgE: IgA , IgE

4.4. Menembus plasentaMenembus plasenta : IgG: IgG

5.5. AntitoksinAntitoksin : IgG, IgM: IgG, IgM

6.6. OpsonisasiOpsonisasi : IgG, IgM, IgE: IgG, IgM, IgE

Fungsi antibodi :Fungsi antibodi :

1.1. AglutinasiAglutinasi : IgM, IgG: IgM, IgG

2.2. Aktivasi Complement Aktivasi Complement : IgM, IgG: IgM, IgG

3.3. Proteksi mukosa Proteksi mukosa : IgA , IgE: IgA , IgE

4.4. Menembus plasentaMenembus plasenta : IgG: IgG

5.5. AntitoksinAntitoksin : IgG, IgM: IgG, IgM

6.6. OpsonisasiOpsonisasi : IgG, IgM, IgE: IgG, IgM, IgE

OpsonizationOpsonization

CNK

Transfer via placenta: Proteksi pada Janin

IFN &

COMPLEMENT

AlternativePathway CRP

Bacterial LysisViralInhibition

Lysozyme

Chemotaxis Adherence

Extra Cellular Killing & Phagocytosis

Extra Cellular Killing & Phagocytosis

Killing IntracellularParasites

Block Tumor Growth

IFN-

Antigen Presentation

CytokineActivation

KillingVirally Infected

Cells

ANTIBODY

Toxin Neutralization

NK

PMN B

TMø

NON-SPECIFIC SPECIFIC

HUMORAL

CELLULAR

Imunitas terhadap Parasit

Pada umumnya sangat kompleks :

1. Struktur antigen sangat beragam

2. Infeksi bersifat kronik

3. Pada siklus hidupnya mengalami perubahan bentuk dan menempati jaringan yang berbeda

4. Kemampuan untuk menghindar terhadap respons imun.

Imunitas

Premunisi

Imunitas steril

Imunitas non-protektif

Imunitas

Premunisi

Imunitas steril

Imunitas non-protektif

IMMUNITY TO PARASITESIMMUNITY TO PARASITES

PROTOZOA

HELMINTHS

PROTOZOA

HELMINTHS

INNATE IMMUNITYP.M.N

MACROPHAGECOMPLEMENT

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYANTIBODY

P.M.NC.M.I.

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYANTIBODY

P.M.NC.M.I.

B

TCMI

CTL

OPSONIZATION

NEUTRALIZATIONA

DA

PT

IVE

IM

MU

NIT

Y T

O P

RO

TO

ZO

AA

DA

PT

IVE

IM

MU

NIT

Y T

O P

RO

TO

ZO

A

IFN-

IL-4, 5, 13

Th1

Th2

IgG

IgE

Eos.

Macr..

Neutr..

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY TO HELMINTHSSPECIFIC IMMUNITY TO HELMINTHS

CMI

BB

Evasion mechanisms

1.1. Immune system suppression Immune system suppression

Polyclonal activationPolyclonal activation “Clonal Exhaustion”

2. Antigen variation2. Antigen variation

Par

asite

mia

Par

asite

mia

Anti AAnti A Anti BAnti B Anti CAnti C

AA BB CC

3. 3. Antigenic DisguiseAntigenic Disguise

3. 3. Antigenic DisguiseAntigenic Disguise

Host antigens uptake

Thank you…………!

edi dharmana

C4b

C4a

C2b

C2a

C3a

C3b

C5 C5 convertaseconvertase

ArgininArgininO2O2

Oxydase

4. Resistance to phagocytosis

ArgininArgininO2O2

Oxydase

4.

Histamin, Serotonin, Lekotrien, Prostaglandin, TNF , etc…….

IgEIgE

Mast Cell

Allergic reactionAllergic reaction

IMMUNOPATHOLOGYIMMUNOPATHOLOGY

Cytotoxicity

IMMUNOPATHOLOGYIMMUNOPATHOLOGY

Immune complex

Platelet

ComplementMacrophage

PMN Back

Proteolytic enzymes , Inflammatory mediators, etc

Proteolytic enzymes , Inflammatory mediators, etc

Immune-complexImmune-complex

IMMUNOPATHOLOGYIMMUNOPATHOLOGY

Immune complex

Platelet

Complement

Macrophage

PMN Back

Proteolytic enzymes , Inflammatory mediators, etc

Proteolytic enzymes , Inflammatory mediators, etc

Immune-complexImmune-complex

Back

IMMUNOPATHOLOGYIMMUNOPATHOLOGY

Immune complex

Th1

Th1

IFN-IFN-

Back

Granuloma

Back