2 hrly gs ch 08 vertebrates part 1
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Transcript of 2 hrly gs ch 08 vertebrates part 1
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Vertebrates
Chapter
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Animal Kingdom
Invertebrates Vertebrates
Animals without a
Backbone or Spinal Column
Animals with a Backbone or
Spinal Column
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Invertebrates
Jellyfish
Snail
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Butterfly
Starfish
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Octopus
Shrimp
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Cold-blooded Animals
• They take on the temperature of their surroundings
• They are hot when their environment is hot and cold when their environment is cold
• In hot environments can have blood that is much warmer than warm-blooded animals
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• In warm environment more active
• In cold environment sluggish and lazy – This is because their muscle activity
depends on chemical reactions which run quickly when it is hot and slowly when it is cold. Period of inactivity is called aestivation (hibernation)
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Warm-blooded Animals
• Try to keep the inside of their bodies at a constant temperature. – In a cooler environment by generating their
own heat – In a hotter environment by cooling
themselves when they are hot.
• To generate heat, warm-blooded animals convert the food that they eat into energy.
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Types of Food-eating Animals
• Carnivorous Animals that eat other animals
• Herbivorous only eat vegetables
• Omnivorous eat both meat and plants
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Vertebrates
Vertebrates are further divided into five main groups:
– Pisces Fish– Amphibia Amphibians– Reptilia Reptiles – Aves Birds– Mammalia Mammals
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• They are aquatic and live in different habitats– Fresh water, Salt water, Ocean,
Rivers– Except Dead Sea
• Fish are cold-blooded
• Skin Scales
• Means of locomotion fins
Pis
ces
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• Respiration Through gills– Exception: Lung-fish, and snake-head fish
have two respiratory systems
Lung Fish
Snakehead Fish
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• Eating habit– Carnivorous Angler fish, Shark, Wolf
fish, Catfish, Snakehead – Herbivorous Trout, Goldfish, Scat,
Pacu, Clown fish– Omnivorous Panda corydoras,
Swordfish, Piranha
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Shark
Vampire Fish
Carnivorous Fish
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Wolf Fish
Angler Fish
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Goldfish
Rainbow Trout
Herbivorous Fish
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Clown Fish
Tuna
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Piranha
Panda Panda corydoracorydorass
Omnivorous Fish
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Swordfish
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• Live both on land and water
• Cold-blooded
• Egg-lying– Immature life in water Gills– Adults live on land Lungs and
absorption through skin
• Slimy skin absorb moisture and oxygen through skin– Without moist conditions, their skin
dries out and they die.
Am
ph
ibia
ns
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• Habitat– Mostly often found near ponds,
marshlands, swamps, and other areas where freshwater is available
• Locomotive organs– Young ones tail– Adult Legs
• Examples– Frog, Toad, Salamander, Axolotl, Blind olm
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Toad
Frog
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Poison Dart Frog
Salamander
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Axolotl
Axolotl
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Blind Olm
Red-spotted Newt
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• Cold-blooded
• Skin Dry, Tough and Scaly– As a reptile grows, it sheds its outer
layer of skin.
• Tetrapods two sets of paired limbs
• Sprawling posture the upper legs join the body at the sides.
Rep
tile
s
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• Respiration Lungs
• Hearing organs– Lack outer ears– Inner ear respond to vibrations
• Capable of regeneration– Lizard
• Longevity– Tortoise and turtles live up to 150 years– Crocodiles can live up to 100 years
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Herbivorous Reptiles
Tortoise
Prehensile tailed skink
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Mali Uromastyx
Pogona Vitticeos
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Green Iguana
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Crocodile
Alligator
Carnivorous Reptiles
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Snapping Turtle
Leatherback Turtle
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Chameleon
Anaconda
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Turtle
Omnivorous Reptiles
The Red The Red Eared Eared TerrapinTerrapin
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Water Dragon
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• Adapted for flight– Exception: Hen, Penguin, Peacock, Ostrich,
Kiwi, Emu, Turkey, The Falkland Flightless Duck, Rheas, Cassowaries, Flightless Comorants, Snoring Rail, Campbell Island Teal, The Kakapo Parrot
• Warm-blooded
• Egg-lying
• Skin Have feathers– Prevents loss of body heat– Helps in flight– Exception: Penguin
Ave
s
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• Hollow bones– Provide passage for air from lungs, which supply it
direct to all parts of body
• Locomotive organs– Wings, exception Penguins– Legs– Toes Adapted for particular purposes
• Hearing organ– Lack outer ear– Inner ear
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• Mouth Beak (Adapted for particular purposes)
• Neck Flexible– For wide vision– Aid feeding– Helps in sleeping
• Sense of sight Most important organ
• Habitat Land, Air, Water
• Migration Annual and seasonal.
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• Eating habits– Herbivorous Sparrow, Pigeon, Duck,
Goose, Cockatoo, Blue macaw, Toucan, Ostrich, Swan, Nightingale, Parrot, Lovebird
– Carnivorous Eagle, Kites, Pelican, Owl, Falcons, Hawks, Roadrunner, Kingfisher, Vulture, Penguins
– Omnivorous Crow, Ravens, Rail Birds, Emus, Starlings, Flamingo, Woodpecker
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Flightless Birds
Peacock
Kiwi
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Hen
Rooster
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Ostrich
Emu
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Rheas
Penguin
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The Falkland The Falkland Flightless Flightless DuckDuck
Campbell Campbell Island TealIsland Teal
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CassowariesCassowaries
Flightless Flightless ComoranComorantsts
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Snoring RailSnoring Rail
The The Kakapo Kakapo ParrotParrot
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Herbivorous Birds
Pigeon
Sparrow
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Goose
Cockatoo
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Toucan
Nightingale
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Blue Blue MacawMacaw
Swan