2. Childrens Rights
Transcript of 2. Childrens Rights
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International conventions define a child as age18 and under.
Individual governments may define child according to
their own criteria. e.g. In India, a child is defined as
under 14 years.
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Labour refers to productive work (especially physicalwork) done for wages.
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Labor that is performed by a child (i.e. under theminimum age specified for that kind of work) and it
results in harm or exploitation ( i.e. physically,
mentally, morally or by blocking access to education).
An estimated 158 million children aged 5-14 are
engaged in child labour - one in six children in the
world.
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A girl works at a charcoal production yard near thesouth-western city of San Pdro. Workers are exposed
to dangerous smoke and charcoal fumes throughout
the day.
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60%
32%
7% 1%Child Labour Distribution
Asia
Africa
Latin America
USA, Canada,
Europe
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Most common in south Asia.
Children are sold to an employer for the time it takes
to pay off their family debt.
This can last a lifetime due to excessively high interest
charges.
Approximately
15 million children
work as bondedlabourers in India.
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Watch:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5
pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL
Child soldiers are recruited in
more than forty different
countries on nearly everycontinent.
300,000 children under the age
of eighteen are currently
participating in armed conflicts,120,000 of whom are in Africa.
While most child soldiers are in
their teens, some are as young
as seven years old.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=ULhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=ULhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=ULhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL -
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Country
Burma
Sri Lanka
Iraq
Afghanistan
Colombia
DRC
Who is Recruiting
Burmas National Army
Rebel Forces
Insurgent groups
Taliban Militias
Guerrilla Forces
Government and Rebel
Forces
Est. Numbers
70,000
6,000
Unknown
Unknown
14,000
30,000
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Some children volunteer or are volunteered by theirparents,
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Increase the number of fighters.
Cheap they are usually not
paid.
Considered more expendable
than adults.
Less likely to question or refuse
a command.
Smaller easier to hide in tightspaces.
Small arms are cheaper & can
easily be used by children.
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Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rightsof the Child (adopted in 2002)
All feasible measures should be taken to ensure:
members of armedforces under 18 years
do not participate in
hostilities
anyone under 18 years
may not be recruited
into the armed forces
anyone under 18 years
may not volunteer into the armed forces.
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So far, 111 governments have signed the OptionalProtocol restricting the use of child soldiers.
More than 45 nations have made a binding legal
commitment to enforce the new treaty.
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Child trafficking is the recruitment, transfer andharbouring of children for the purpose of exploitation.
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1.2 million children and babies are traffickedworldwide annually
for a profit of US$ 5 billion every year.
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2 million children are
exploited in the
transnational sex
trade.
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4 children are sold into trafficking every minute.
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People who have money:
Doctors
Lawyers
Accountants Gamblers
Politicians
High ranking people
in our government
people you never
expected.
Tran, Jonathan. Sold Into Slavery. Christian Century124.24
(2007): 22. eLibrary. Web. 2 Dec. 2009.
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Political instability
Militarism
Civil unrest
Natural disasters inhomeland
Promises of economic
opportunities or a
better life.
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Sex trafficking
Domestic servants
Factory and farm slavery Street trading
Drug peddling
Child soldiers
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Loss of support from
family and community
Loss of proper education.
Obstacles in physical
development.
Psychological trauma.
Miller, John R. Slave Trade. Harvard International
Review27 (Jan. 2006): 70. eLibrary. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.
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The Declaration of Human Rights recognises the
dignity and worth of all people.
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It states that everyone
has the right to life andto live in freedom and
safety.
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No one has the right to treat you
as a slave nor should you make
anyone your slave.
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