2. cellular respiration
Transcript of 2. cellular respiration
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CELLULAR RESPIRATIONI. GENERAL
A. HOW GET FOOD – AUTOTROPH or HETEROTROPH
B. COUPLE REACTIONS
1. Metabolic Pathway – couple reactions where
exergonic drive endergonic
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O 36 ADP 36ATP
ENDERGONIC
2. Enzymes – increase the rate of a reaction
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Fig. 6-02
Sunlight energyenters ecosystem
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
C6H12O6
Glucose
O2
Oxygen
CO2
Carbon dioxide
H2O
Water
drives cellular work
Heat energy exits ecosystem
ATP
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C. TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C1. AEROBIC – USES O2
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2Oget 36 ATP
C2. ANEROBIC – DOES NOT USE O2
C6H12O6 OTHER COMPOUNDS
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II. OVERVIEW OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM
A. MITOCHONDRIUM
OUTER MEMBRANE
INNER MEMBRANE
CRISTAE
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
MATRIX
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Fig. 4-20
Outermembrane
Innermembrane
Cristae
Matrix
Space betweenmembranes
TE
M
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B. GENERAL REACTIONS – overall pathway is exergonic
GLYCOLYSIS
Where:cytoplasm
General:Does not use O2
Energy from substrateMost ancient of pathways
Overall pathway:
Glucose 2 pyruvatenet 2 ATP2 NADH
CITRIC ACID CYCLE & e- TRANSPORT CHAINWhere:
mitochondrium
GeneralUses O2
Overall pathway:
Pyruvate 6CO2 + 6H2O
36 ATP
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III. SPECIFICSA. GLYCOLYSIS – glucose activation and energy harvestREACTION # CARBONS/ REACTION COMPOUND NAME MOLECULE NAME & EXPLAIN
GLUCOSE ACTIVATION
ENERGY HARVEST
2 ATP
2 ADP + P
6 carbons (1 molecule)
6 carbons (1 molecule)
P P
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE BIPHOSPHATE
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III. SPECIFICSA. GLYCOLYSIS – glucose activation and energy harvestREACTION # CARBONS/ REACTION COMPOUND NAME MOLECULE NAME & EXPLAIN
GLUCOSE ACTIVATION
ENERGY HARVEST
2 ATP
2 ADP + P
6 carbons (1 molecule)
6 carbons (1 molecule)
P P
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE BIPHOSPHATE
G3P3 carbons (2 molecules)
3 carbons (2 molecules)
2 ATP
2 ADP + 2P
2 ATP
2 ADP + 2P
PYRUVATE
NAD + H
NADH
NAD + H
NADH
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END PRODUCTS OF GLYCOLYSIS
• 2 PYRUVATE MOLECULES – moves into mitochondrium matrix
• 2 NET ATP – Usually stays in cytoplasm to be used by the cell
2 used as activation energy (GLUCOSE ACTIVATION)
4 made when producing pyruvate (ENERGY HARVEST)
• 2 NADH – High energy compound that moves to e- transport chain.
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B. Citric acid cycle – Produces large amounts of ATP with O2 acting as e- acceptor. Occurs in the Mtiochondrium
1. Acetyl CoEnzyme A
EACH PYRUVATE GENERATES:
1 NADH
1 CO2 (RELEASED)
Coenzyme
NAD+ +H
NADHCO2
ACETYL CoA
PYRUVATE
CoA
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CoA
2 CO2
ATP
ADP + P
2. KREBS CYCLE
3 NAD+
3 NADH
FAD
FADH2
EACH PYRUVATE GENERATES:
3 NADH 1 FADH2
1 ATP 2 CO2
OXALOACETATECITRATE
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3. ALL COMPOUNDS AT THE END OF THE KREBS CYCLE – THIS IS FOR TWO PYRUVATES
CO2 ATP NADH FADH2
GLYCOLYSIS 0 2made directly
2 0
ACETYL Co-A
ACTIVATION2 0 2 0
KREB CYCLE 4 2Made directly
6 2
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C. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN C1. General
1. e-s from the high energy compounds go into the e- transport chain.
2. The e-s move “down” the chain and energy is released during this “fall”.
3. The energy is used to pump H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
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4. The e- s reach the end of the chain where they are accepted by oxygen and hydrogen to form water.
5. ATP actually forms from the energy released when H+ moves from the intermembrane space, through ATP Synthase, and into the matrix to combine with oxygen.
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12
Fig. 6-11a
Spacebetweenmembranes
Innermitochondrialmembrane
Electroncarrier
Proteincomplex
Electronflow
Matrix Electron transport chain ATP synthase
NADHNAD
FADH2 FAD
ATPADP
H2OO2
HHHH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
HH
HH
HH
HH
H 2
P
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C2. SPECIFICS
GENERATED CONVERT TO ATP
per Glucose (= 2 pyruvate)
1. GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH 6 ATP
2. ACETYL CoA 2 NADH 6 ATP
3. KREBS 6 NADH 18 ATP
2 FADH2 4 ATP
3 ATP per NADH
2 ATP per FADH2
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IV. ANEROBIC
A. GENERAL
1. Animals – glycolysis & lactate fermentation
2. Plants – glycolysis & alcoholic fermentation
B. GLYCOLYSIS – make the same as aerobic
2 pyruvate
2 net ATP
2 NADH
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LACTATE FERMENTATION ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
NADH
NAD+ + H
2 PYRUVATE
2 LACTATE
NADH
NAD+ + H
2 PYRUVATE
2 ETHANOL
+
2 CARBON DIOXIDE