Mental DisordersMental DisordersMental Health 2-7

A few words to knowA few words to know

Anxiety- the condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen.

Depression- A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness and sadness.

Apathy- a lack of strong feeling, interest, or concern.

Stigma-A mark of shame or disapproval that results in an individual being shunned.

NOTESNOTES• Fold your paper in 3rds• Label each column on both sides as

each of the six types of mental disorders

• Description• Examples• Picture

Mental Health DisordersMental Health Disorders

Mental disorders are classified into several categories

Anxiety Disorders

Affective Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Impulse Disorders

Somatoform Disorders

Personality Disorders

Mental Disorders:Mental Disorders: Anxiety disorder- are disorders in which real or

imagined fears cause anxiety and prevent a person from enjoying life. Affect 40 million American adults each year.

• Examples• Phobias• OCD• Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome• General Anxiety Disorder.• Panic Disorder

Anxiety Disorders 5Anxiety Disorders 5 Panic disorder: an illness that is

characterized by sudden attacks of terror. Pounding heart, sweating, weakness, or dizziness.

• During these attacks, people may experience nausea, chest pain, or smothering sensations.

Panic attacks do not occur because of a specific “trigger.” They can be completely unpredictable and last 10 to 30 minutes.

Phobia: An extreme irrational fear of a specific thing that poses no real danger known as a trigger.

Triggers: Germs, closed spaces, open spaces, water etc.

People may take extreme measures to avoid a fear and reacts in a way that limits normal functioning.

Twice as common in women than men.

Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders:Anxiety Disorders:

Phobias: When a person encounters their phobia they may experience panic, fear, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, trembling, or a strong desire to get away.

• Arachnophobia• Social phobia• Claustrophobia• Brontophobia• Necrophobia• Aerophobia• Acrophobia

Spiders

Social Situations

Small spaces

Thunderstorms

DyingFlying

Heights

General Anxiety disorder (GAD)- A person will feel anxious or fearfulness but for no specific reason. They just feel anxiety daily.

Symptoms may also include-Startling Easily -Difficulty Sleeping-Fatigue -Headaches-Irritability -Muscle tension

Anxiety Disorders:Anxiety Disorders:

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- A person who has an unreasonable need to think and act in a certain way. Obsessions are persistent thoughts that keep people from thinking about other things. They have rituals to deal with their anxiety.

Obsession Ritual

Germs and dirt Wash hands over and over

Intruders Lock doors over and over

Social acceptance Brush hair, look in mirror…

Count, Check , Touch things in sequence

Anxiety Disorders:Anxiety Disorders:

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: when a person experienced a traumatic event such as war, rape, attempted murder, kidnapping, or natural disaster and experience lasting emotional effects.

Symptoms include

-emotionally numb -not affectionate

-aggressive or violent -startle easily

-Flashbacks in sleep or during the day

Anxiety Disorders:Anxiety Disorders:

Affective (Mood) Disorders: Disorders that affect and control moods. This includes mood swings that are severe and last for an extended period of time.

Mania: Hyperactivity, irritable, high energy, rapid speechExtreme Optimism, Reckless Behavior.

Depression: Sadness, Hopelessness, low energy,Manic Depressive Disorder:

When a person’s moods shift dramatically from one extreme to another for no apparent reason.

Affective Disorders:Affective Disorders:

Depression: Prolonged feelings of sadness.Signs of Depression:

1. Loss of appetite2. Decreased Energy3. Difficulty Sleeping4. Feelings of Guilt

Treatment:1. Psychological Therapy2. Medications3. Environmental Changes4. TIME

Affective Disorders:Affective Disorders:

•Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perceptions.

•See and hear things that are real as anything else and believe things that have been proven wrong.

Psychotic Disorders:Psychotic Disorders:

Schizophrenia: Lose contact with reality.hear voices, see things that aren't there or believe that others are reading or controlling their minds.• In men, symptoms usually start in the late teens and early 20s.•For women, they start in the mid-20s to early 30s.

Symptoms:•Difficulty speaking and expressing emotion•Problems with attention, memory and organization

No one is sure what causes schizophrenia, but your genetic makeup and brain chemistry probably play a role

Psychotic Disorders 4Psychotic Disorders 4

Delusional disorder: People with this illness have delusions involving real-life situations that could be true, such as being followed, being

Psychotic disorder due to a medical condition: Hallucinations, delusions, or other symptoms may be the result of another illness that affects brain function, such as a head injury or brain tumor. conspired against, or having a disease.

Schizoaffective disorder: People with this illness have symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder.

Psychotic Disorders:Psychotic Disorders:

• As humans we have the ability to control our impulses or urges. People with these disorders they can’t resist these urges.

• A person usually feels increasing tension before committing the act.

• During the act the person will feel gratification or relief. Or they feel a loss of control.

• Afterward they may feel guilt or regret.

Impulse Disorders:Impulse Disorders:

• Somatoform Disorder- describes a condition in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found.

• Examples• Conversion Disorder- neurological numbness, paralysis or fits• Hypochondria- excessively worrying that you have a serious

illness• Body Dysmorphic- excessively worrying about a “defect” in phys.

features• Pain Disorder- Pain in different areas due to psychological stress.

Somatoform Disorders:Somatoform Disorders:

• Personality Disorders- A person who has a personality disorder may respond inappropriately in certain situations or may interfere with other’s interactions. But the person usually functions normally in society.

Antisocial Disorder - Criminal, lie, steal, fight with no guiltAvoidant Disorder- Extremely shy and sensitive to rejectionDependent Disorder- Extremely dependent on othersNarcissist Disorder - Inflated view of self and importanceParanoid Disorder- Very distrustful of others (including the doc)

Personality Disorders:Personality Disorders:

Help for Mental Disorders!!!

• Psychiatrist- deals with mental, emotional and behavioral disease of the mind.

• Neurologist- is a physician who specializes in organic disorders of the brain and nervous system.

• Clinical Psychologist- is a psychologist who diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders. College degree required.

Help for Mental Disorders!!!• Educational Counselor- is a person who

generally works with young people, helping them in personal or educational matters.

• Pastoral Counselor- Clergy- ministers, priests and rabbis.

Help for Mental Disorders!!!

• Social Worker- A person who provides a link between the medical service center and the client and his family.

• Occupational Therapist- Evaluates a person’s abilities in light of his or her emotional or physical handicap.

• Behavioral Therapist- Works with patients to help them change their habits.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Therapy that helps a person control their thoughts in order to control their emotions

or behavior.

Thought -> Feeling -> Behavior -> Result

www.ucare.utah.gov

• Write down this website in case you or anyone you know ever needs help.

“For me, it is almost a violent experience. I feel disconnected from reality. I feel like I’m losing control in a very extreme way. My heart pounds really hard, I feel like I can’t get my breath, and there’s an overwhelming feeling that things are crashing in on me.”

“It started 10 years ago, when I had just graduated from college and started a new job. I was sitting in a business seminar in a hotel and this thing came out of the blue. I felt like I was dying.”

“In between attacks there is this dread and anxiety that it’s going to happen again. I’m afraid to go back to places where I’ve had an attack. Unless I get help, there soon won’t be anyplace where I can go and feel safe from panic

Panic Disorder

“I couldn’t do anything without rituals. They invaded every aspect of my life. Counting really bogged me down. I would wash my hair three times as opposed to once because three was a good luck number and one wasn’t. It took me longer to read because I’d count the lines in a paragraph. When I set my alarm at night, I had to set it to a number that wouldn’t add up to a ’bad’ number.”

“I knew the rituals didn’t make sense, and I was deeply ashamed of them, but I couldn’t seem to overcome them until I had therapy.”

“Getting dressed in the morning was tough, because I had a routine, and if I didn’t follow the routine, I’d get anxious and would have to get dressed again. I always worried that if I didn’t do something, my parents were going to die. I’d have these terrible thoughts of harming my parents. That was completely irrational, but the thoughts triggered more anxiety and more senseless behavior. Because of the time I spent on rituals, I was unable to do a lot of things that were important to me

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

“I was raped when I was 25 years old. For a long time, I spoke about the rape as though it was something that happened to someone else. I was very aware that it had happened to me, but there was just no feeling.”

“Then I started having flashbacks. They kind of came over me like a splash of water. I would be terrified. Suddenly I was reliving the rape. Every instant was startling. I wasn’t aware of anything around me, I was in a bubble, just kind of floating. And it was scary. Having a flashback can wring you out.”

“The rape happened the week before Thanksgiving, and I can’t believe the anxiety and fear I feel every year around the anniversary date. It’s as though I’ve seen a werewolf. I can’t relax, can’t sleep, don’t want to be with anyone. I wonder whether I’ll ever be free of this terrible problem Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

“In any social situation, I felt fear. I would be anxious before I even left the house, and it would escalate as I got closer to a college class, a party, or whatever. I would feel sick in my stomach-it almost felt like I had the flu. My heart would pound, my palms would get sweaty, and I would get this feeling of being removed from myself and from everybody else.”

“When I would walk into a room full of people, I’d turn red and it would feel like everybody’s eyes were on me. I was embarrassed to stand off in a corner by myself, but I couldn’t think of anything to say to anybody. It was humiliating. I felt so clumsy, I couldn’t wait to get out.Social Phobia

“I’m scared to death of flying, and I never do it anymore. I used to start dreading a plane trip a month before I was due to leave. It was an awful feeling when that airplane door closed and I felt trapped. My heart would pound, and I would sweat bullets. When the airplane would start to ascend, it just reinforced the feeling that I couldn’t get out. When I think about flying, I picture myself losing control, freaking out, and climbing the walls, but of course I never did that. I’m not afraid of crashing or hitting turbulence. It’s just that feeling of being trapped. Whenever I’ve thought about changing jobs, I’ve had to think, ‘Would I be under pressure to fly?’ These days I only go places where I can drive or take a train. My friends always point out that I couldn’t get off a train traveling at high speeds either, so why don’t trains bother me? I just tell them it isn’t a rational fear.”Specific Phobia

“I always thought I was just a worrier. I’d feel keyed up and unable to relax. At times it would come and go, and at times it would be constant. It could go on for days. I’d worry about what I was going to fix for a dinner party, or what would be a great present for somebody. I just couldn’t let something go.”

When my problems were at their worst, I’d miss work and feel just terrible about it. Then I worried that I’d lose my job. My life was miserable until I got treatment.

“I’d have terrible sleeping problems. There were times I’d wake up wired in the middle of the night. I had trouble concentrating, even reading the newspaper or a novel. Sometimes I’d feel a little lightheaded. My heart would race or pound. And that would make me worry more. I was always imagining things were worse than they really were. When I got a stomachache, I’d think it was an ulcerGeneral Anxiety Disorder

1. What are some of the stigmas placed on people with mental illness?

2. Are these stigmas fair? Why not?

3. What can we do to help eliminate this stigma?

4. Is a mental illness a character flaw?

5. What does the fear of stigma sometimes cause the personWith the mental disorder to do?

6. Write down three questions you have about mental disorders.

As a group answer the following Questions