2-4 The Rise of China -...
Transcript of 2-4 The Rise of China -...
![Page 1: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 2 The Rise of China
![Page 2: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
China’s Geographic Features
Huang He or
Yellow River
Yangzi River
~ Chinese civilization
grew up in the river valley
of the Huang He River
(a.k.a.the Yellow River)
and the Yangzi River.
![Page 3: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Geographic Features Cont.
• Huang He and Chang Jiang: The Huang
He (Yellow River) stretches from Mongolia
to the Pacific Ocean. The Chang Jiang
(Yangtze River) flows 3,400 miles across
central China, emptying into the Yellow Sea.
Valleys along the two rivers were among the
greatest food-producing areas of the ancient
world.
![Page 4: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Huang He River or Yellow River
![Page 5: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The mountains, deserts, jungles and other geographic features have isolated Chinese culture. Having little
contact with others, the Chinese believed their culture was the center of the earth.
![Page 6: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
~ Although China
covers a huge
area, until recent
times, most people
lived only along the
east coast or in the
river valley.
![Page 7: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Geographical Isolation
Mountains and deserts isolated the Chinese
people from peoples in other parts of Asia.
The northern frontier became an area of
conflict as Chinese armies tried to protect
their land from other peoples.
![Page 8: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Varied Climate
Based on elevation and monsoons
Dry and wet seasons create significant
temperature differences in winter and
summer
![Page 9: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Early Views
The Chinese called
themselves “The
Middle Kingdom”
because they believed
they were at the center.
This is an example of
ethnocentrism.
![Page 12: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Shang Dynasty
About 1650 BC, the Shang
gained control of northern
China. Ruling families
began to gain control,
similar to small kingdoms.
The Shang set up the first
dynasty.
Dynasty: A series of rulers
from a family.
![Page 13: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Aristocracy
• Under the Shang dynasty, China was largely
agricultural
• Ruled by an aristocracy who were the chief
landowners
• Major concern was war
• Impressive cities were built
![Page 15: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Political and Social Structures
• The realm was divided into territories governed by
military leaders called warlords, appointed by the
king.
• The king controlled large armies, which often
fought on the fringes of the kingdom.
• Below the royalty and the aristocracy were the mass
of peasants and a small number of merchants and
artisans.
![Page 16: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The ancient civilization was much like others
with nobility owning the land, merchants and
craftspeople trading and living in the cities
and a large population of peasants living in
surrounding villages.
![Page 17: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Religion and Culture
• The Chinese believed in supernatural forces that
helped the rulers, as well as in life after death.
• They communicated with the gods through oracle
bones.
• The Shang were masters of bronze casting.
• Many of their works have been recovered from
tombs.
![Page 18: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Polytheistic Peoples
Early Chinese people were polytheistic, and prayed to many Gods and nature spirits.
They also looked to dead relatives to help them in daily life and to help them please the Gods.
![Page 20: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ying and Yang
Many Chinese also
believed that the
universe held a delicate
balance between
opposing forces.
The Ying and Yang
must be in balance for
prosperity and happiness
to occur in one’s life.
![Page 23: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty
![Page 26: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Political System
The longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese
history
Continued the political system used by the
Shang, with territories governed by
aristocratic officials under the king's
authority.
![Page 27: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mandate of Heaven
The Zhou claimed to rule by virtue of a
mandate of Heaven, with the king serving as
a link between Heaven and Earth.
The mandate became the basic principle of
Chinese government and lasted into the
twentieth century.
![Page 29: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Dao
Under the mandate, kings were expected to rule
with goodness and efficiency following the Dao
(the "Way" of proper behavior advocated in
Confucianism) to protect the people from natural
disasters.
Although the king was a representative of Heaven,
he was not divine and could be overthrown if he
was corrupt or did not rule according to the Dao.
![Page 30: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dynastic Cycles
Throughout Chinese history, dynasties
followed a predictable cycle:
a rise to power
then years of successful rule
finally a decline in power, leading to rebellions
or invasions.
![Page 31: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 33: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Military Technology
By the end of the Zhou period, iron weapons
had replaced bronze weapons, and soldiers
on horseback carried powerful crossbows.
![Page 34: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 36: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 38: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Importance of the Family
The family served as the basic Chinese
economic and social unit and symbolized the
social order.
Filial piety was expected, with family
members subordinating their needs and
desires to those of the male head of the
family.
![Page 39: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Zhou Accomplishments
Significant technological and economic growth
took place:
the use of irrigation and iron plows, which increased the
available cropland
production of more food allowed the population to grow
Trade and manufacturing also grew
Writing system based on pictographs and
ideographs was developed.
![Page 40: 2-4 The Rise of China - Weeblyataworldhistory.weebly.com/.../6/1/2761521/ch_2_the_rise_of_china.pdf · China’s Geographic Features Huang He or Yellow River Yangzi River ~ Chinese](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5b0183af7f8b9a89598e3aa7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Early Writing System
The Chinese civilizations made achievements in early writing systems that include both pictographs and ideographs and is now as one of the earliest writing systems.