2 4 the engineofthefuture-50, mladen luketin

The Engine of The Future

Mladen Luketin, IBM SEE

AgendaLittle bit of history

Technology drivers

The Engine of The Future

3

© 2014 IBM Corporation

IBM 701 – 1952

1st generation

•The first IBM large-scale electronic computer manufactured in quantity

� IBM's first

commercially available

scientific computer

� The first IBM machine

in which programs

were stored in an

internal, addressable,

electronic memory

� The first of the

pioneering line of IBM

700 series computers,

including the 702

through 709701

4


IBM 305 RAMAC – 1956

1st generation

� The first computer to include a

disk drive (named the IBM 350

Disk File)

� Prior to this magnetic

computer storage had

consisted of core memory,

tape, and drums

� The 350 Disk File consisted of a

stack of fifty 24 inch discs

� The capacity of the entire disk

file was 5 million 7-bit

characters, which works out to

about 4.4 MB in modern

parlance

701

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IBM 1401 – 1959

2nd generation

� The all-transistorized IBM 1401

Data Processing System placed

the features found in

electronic data processing

systems at the disposal of

smaller businesses, previously

limited to the use of

conventional punched card

equipment

� These features included: high

speed card punching and

reading, magnetic tape input

and output, high speed

printing, stored program, and

arithmetic and logical ability

701

6


IBM 1440 – 1962

2nd generation

� Low-cost system specifically

designed to solve the

increasing data handling

problems of smaller volume

businesses

� The 1440 met the need for a

complete accounting system

and offered the benefits of a

business information system

� With a variety of models and

special features available for

the 1440, a system could be

tailored to meet immediate

data processing requirements

and expanded to absorb

increased demands

701

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IBM 7094 – 1962

2nd generation

� Built for large-scale scientific

computing

� Compatible with the IBM 7090,

the advanced solid-state IBM

7094 offered substantial

increases in internal operating

speeds and functional

capacities

� New expanded functions

provided with the IBM 7094

were double-precision

floating-point operations and

seven index registers

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Decision to build System/360

... System to solve all business

needs of small, medium

and big company...

Which means:

� Scalability

� Security

� Reliability

� Availability

� Mixed workload

� Working on high

utilization

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System/360 – Announced April 7, 1964

� IBM decided to implement a

wholly new architecture

specifically designed both for

data processing and to be

compatible across a wide

range of performance levels

� IBM invested $5B to develop a

family of five increasingly

powerful computers that run

the same operating systems

and can use the same 44

peripheral devices with the

same architecture

- Architecture published in

the S/360 Principles of

Operation

- 24-bit addressing (32-bit

architecture)

- Solid logic circuit cards

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System/360 – a child is born

� Hardware

- One main storage, maximum size is

16MB

- One or two Central Processing Units

(CPUs)

- One to seven Channels

- Selector or Byte Multiplexor

- Block Multiplexor

- Control Units (which connect to

Channels)

- Devices (which connect to Control

Units)

� Family of operating systems from IBM

- Operating System/360 (OS/360)

- Disk Operating System/360

(DOS/360)

- Tape Operating System (TOS)

- Basic Programming Support (BPS)

- Airlines Control Program (ACP)

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System/360 family

System/370 family

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Reports of the death of themainframe were premature“I predict that the last mainframe will be unplugged on March

15, 1996.”– Stewart Alsop, March 1991

“It’s clear that corporate customers still like to have centrally controlled, very predictable, reliable computing systems – exactly the kind of systems that IBM specializes in.”

– Stewart Alsop, February 2002

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zBC 12 – one of The 10 Coolest Servers Of 2013

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Leading edge technology

1947IBM's zEC12 processor chip

2012

1st TransistorDecember 16th, 1947

Bardeen, Brattain, Shokley

IBM's zEC12 processor chipSeptember 2012

Manufactured at IBM’s 300mm chip fab

in East Fishkill, N.Y.

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© 2014 IBM Corporation15

Technology driversSilicon speed and Multi-

Core Technology

Accelerators

Virtualization management

Compute needs driven by new combinational workload characteristics

Data access, latency and networks

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Industry Outlook / Roadmap� Real per-thread performance growth slowing

− Limited by physical constraints including power density

− Substantial innovation required to maintain current thread performance

� Chip performance growth driven by multi-core designs

− Relies on software to exploit many more cores, threads

� Optimization for chip/package performance, not core performance

− Non-linear relationship between core power, performance

� Processor designers continue to pursue thread performance growth

− Very challenging, especially across broad range of workloads

− Some approaches focus on increasing apparent thread speed

• Hardware / software co-design

• More efficient software

• Accelerators for specific tasks

• Innovative uses of multiple processors and threads

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z10 EC

z9 EC

zSeries 990

zSeries 900

z196

** Servers exploit a subset of its designed I/O capability

*** Up to 1 TB per LPAR and up to 100 processors per LPAR

PCI – Processor Capacity Index

Balanced System

CPU, nWay, Memory,

I/O Bandwidth

101-wayProcessors***

PCI for1-way

1503

Memory

3 TB***

System I/O Bandwidth384 GB/Sec**

zEC12

80-way

64-way

54-way

32-way

16-way

1.5 TB** 512 GB 256

GB64

GB1202920600450300

288 GB/sec*

96 GB/sec

24 GB/sec

172.8 GB/sec*

IBM System z: Design comparison for high-end systems

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0

1

2

3

4

5

2000z900

2003z990

2005z9

2008z10

2010z196

770

MHz

1.2

GHz

1.7

GHz

4.4

GHz

5.2

GHz

GH

z

2012zEC12

6

zEC12

5.5

GHz

� z900 – Full 64-bit z/Architecture®

� z990 – Superscalar CISC pipeline� z9® – System level scaling

� z10™ – Deep Pipeline, Arch. extensions � z196 – Out-Of-Order (OOO), Additional

Architectural Extensions

� zEC12 – OOO+, Architectural Extensions, Enablement for new Software Paradigms

zEC12 continues System z industry leadership in frequency

5

6

4

5

6

3

4

5

6

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

GH

z

1

2

3

4

5

6

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� Technology Trends− Transistor density continues to grow− Transistor speedup has significantly moderated− Per-thread performance growth rate slowed

� Faster growth of SMP (n-Way) needed to sustain box growth− Hardware innovations to enable consistent performance on large SMP− Focus on constraint relief across software stack

• PR/SM™, z/OS®, DB2®, IMS™, CICS®, WAS, …

Compute Capability Trends: System z

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� Future growth coming from dimensions other than hardware

thread speed:

− Software efficiency – extract full performance value from

System z hardware

• Compiler technology, dynamic optimization, exploit

new architectural facilities

− Core density – multi-core processor chips

• More efficient use of space, less complex packaging

− Cache density – leveraging leadership eDRAMtechnology

• Larger caches closer to more cores

− Thread density – software scaling efficiently to many more active threads

� Combined result: continued growth in system capacity each generation; plus:

− Sysplex scale – more systems sharing data and workloads

− Workload optimization via specialized capabilities

Compute Capability Trends: System z*

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� Processor accelerators– Computation engines for analytics – Assists for dynamic software optimization– Enablement for integrated function– Continued close collaboration with compiler and other software teams

L3C

0

L3C

1

GX

MC

U

Core0

Core1

Core2

Core3

Core4

Core5

Acceleration & Optimization Outlook*

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1995 2000 2005 2010 201X

� Take advantage of “flat” SMP architecture– Shared memory, cache, I/O fabric

– Any physical core can perform any function

� Economic flexibility– Mix of hardware and software pricing models

� Segregate mainline from adjacent functions– Increase system capability without growing z/OS image

� Improved manageability– Diverse capabilities consolidated in single system– Functions delivered as firmware

– System z RAS qualities

Co

res p

er

sys

tem

CF

SAP

Future Features

Future Features

Leveraging System z Capacity via Specialty Engines*

1995 2000 20051995 2000 201020051995 2000 201X201020051995 2000

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1995 2000 2005 2010 201X

Co

res p

er

sys

tem

L4

6PU 6PU

6PU 6PU 6PU

6PU

L4

6PU 6PU

6PU 6PU 6PU

6PU

L4

6PU 6PU

6PU 6PU 6PU

6PU

L4

6PU 6PU

6PU 6PU 6PU

6PU

CP1CP2

CP4 CP5CP3

SC0SC1

GX5PSI

GX4GX3

Mem1

GX1

Mem0

GX0

FBC0FBC1FBC2

FBC0FBC1FBC2

Mem2

GX2PSI

GX6 GX7

CP0

Future Features

Future Features

CF

SAP

Leveraging System z Capacity via Specialty Engines*

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� Processor accelerators

� Integrated firmware functions

� PCIe-attached accelerators

- Use industry-standard interface and form factor- Leverage flexibility of ASICs and FPGAs for special functions- In-line processing of data entering or leaving System z- Off-load processing from System z processors


IBM Flash Express

IBM zEDC Express

IBM Crypto Express 4S

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� Heterogeneous system optimization

– Leverage unique strengths and efficiencies of POWER® and IBM System

x® blades

– Integrate special-purpose appliances into System z workloads

– Manage multiple architectures as a single platform

zBX

Select IBM

BladesOptimizers

Private data network (IEDN)

System z Host


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� Leverage industry standard technology

– Enable faster exploitation of advances across industry

– Enhance interoperability across platforms

– Increase configuration flexibility

– Reduce cost of data center infrastructure

– Enable options to leverage standards-based Converged Fabric� Optimize for enterprise-scale data

– Leverage storage technologies for efficient management

– Enable access to enterprise data from multiple platforms and devices� Maintain and extend System z values

– Extreme scale in connectivity, bandwidth, IOPS

– Co-optimization with System z software stack

– Leadership reliability, availability, security, manageability

350

520

620

770

620

1600

z10z9 z10

z196z10

z196z10

z196z114

zEC12, z196zBC12, z114

FICON ChannelMegaBytes per second

1200

14000

31000

20000

52000

20000

92000

z10 z10 z196z10

z196z10

z196z114

zEC12, z196zBC12, z114

FICON ChannelI/Os per second

System z I/O & Storage Outlook*

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zHPF

350

520

620

770

620

1600

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1200

14000

31000

20000

52000

23000

92000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

I/O driver benchmark I/Os per second4k block sizeChannel 100% utilized

FICONExpress4

andFICON

Express2

FICON Express8

zHPF

FICON Express8FICON

Express4and

FICONExpress2

ESCON

zHPF

FICON Express8S

FICON Express8S

z10 z10

zEC12zBC12z196z10

zEC12zBC12z196z10

zEC12zBC12z196z114

zEC12zBC12z196z114

77% increase

FICON Express44 Gbps

I/O driver benchmarkMegaBytes per secondFull-duplexLarge sequentialread/write mix

FICONExpress44 Gbps

FICON Express88 Gbps

FICON Express88 Gbps FICON

Express8S8 Gbps

FICON Express8S

8 Gbps

z10z9 z10

zEC12zBC12z196z10

zEC12zBC12z196z10

zEC12zBC12z196z114

zEC12zBC12z196z114

zHPF

zHPF

zHPF

108% increase

FICON performance on System z

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I/O & Networking Trends and Directions

� Growth in Data

− Density behind CUs and devices will continue to increase

− Need to scale I/O rates and bandwidth to grow with the data

− Need greater device addressability and larger host images

� Simplification of data center physical infrastructure

− Improve performance and resiliency

− Make better use of existing I/O infrastructure, such as channels, switch ports, control unit ports, inter-switch links, and optical cables

� ‘Green IT’

− Power consumption of I/O subsystem should be less than or equal to that of

predecessor systems and components must support achieving industry

competitiveness in power management

� Continuous Availability and Disaster Recovery capabilities required to

mitigate any planned and unplanned interruption to customers I/Tinfrastructure and ensure IT service continuity

− Includes application cross-site workload balancing

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� Supports the new zEC12 and zBC12 platforms

� Hosts PS701 and HX5 blades

� Provides workload-awareness resource optimization

� Enhancements to System Director support zBX

� System z will continue to expand hybrid computing

� zEC12 has the industry’s fastest chip with each core at 5.5 GHz

� New innovation to drive availability with IBM zAwareand Flash Express

� Optimized for the corporate data serving environment

� Hardware functions boost software performance for Java, PL/I, DB2

� Deployment of business analytics on the same platform as operational applications

� IBM Data Analytics Accelerator V3 lowers the cost of analytics

� Comprehensive query and reporting with new dashboard capability extending to mobile devices

IBM zEnterprise Unified Resource Manager and zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension (zBX)

Mod 003

Plus more flexibility and function with hybrid computing offerings

IBM zEnterprise EC12 (zEC12) IBM zEnterprise BC12 (zBC12)

� Start Small and grow with ease

� Upgrade from z10 BC and z114

� Upgrade into zEC12

� 36% performance boost per core

� 58% more capacity for traditional workloads

� 62% more capacity for Linux®

� 2X increase in RAIM memory

Introducing the newest members of the zEnterprise System: The zEnterprise EC12, BC12, and zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension Model 003

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� Machine Type

– 2828

� 2 Models

– H06 and H13

– Single frame, air cooled

– Non-raised floor option available

– Overhead Cabling and DC Power Options

� Processor Units (PUs)

– 9 PU cores (using 4 and 5 core PU SCMs) per processor drawer (One

for H06 and two for H13)

– 2 SAPs per system, standard

– 2 spares designated for Model H13

– 1 Integrated firmware processor

– Dependant on the H/W model - up to 6 or 13 PU cores available for characterization

• Central Processors (CPs), Integrated Facility for Linux (IFLs), Internal Coupling Facility (ICFs), System z Application Assist

Processors (zAAPs), System z Integrated Information Processor (zIIP), optional - additional System Assist Processors (SAPs),

Integrated firmware processor (IFP)

• 156 capacity settings

� Memory

– Up to 512 GB for System including HSA

• System minimum = 8 GB (Model H06), 16 GB (Model H13)

• 16 GB fixed HSA separately managed

• RAIM standard

• Maximum for customer use 496 GB (Model H13)

• Increments of 8 or 32 GB

• Flash Express

� I/O

– Support for non-PCIe Channel features

– PCIe Gen2 channel subsystem

– Up to 64 PCIe Channel features

– Up to 2 Logical Channel Subsystems (LCSSs)

� STP - optional (No ETR)

zBC12 Overview

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Semiconductor Technology

Microprocessor Design

Systems Design

Virtualization & Operating Systems

Compilers & Java Virtual

Machine

Optimized Middleware

IBM Investment in System z spans the platform stack

Leveraging the Breadth of IBM Technology

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Consolidate up to 40 virtual

servers per core or up to 520

in a single footprint for as

low as $1/day per virtual

server

zBC12 with IBM DB2 Analytics

Accelerator provides response

times up to 9x faster, with 10x

better price performance and

14% lower TCA than the

closest competitor

E. Sun Bank supports 1.5

million+ secure mobile

transactions a day with

System z

Perform up to 12,000 SSL

handshakes per second

with industry’s highest

level of protection for

commercial server

Leverage the new and enhanced capabilities of the zBC12 to improve service delivery

2 4 the engineofthefuture-50, mladen luketin

Devices & Hardware

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