2 24 Intro To Punnet Squares
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Transcript of 2 24 Intro To Punnet Squares
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Launch
Correct the following false statements to make them true statements:
“We write the haploid number as 4N” “Somatic cells and sex cells both
undergo meiosis” “An example of a somatic cell is eggs” “An example of a germline cell is a brain
cell”
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Mendelian Genetics
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Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics is the study of how traits are passed down from parents to offspring
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Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of genetics
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian priest who made a lot of scientific discoveries about inheritance by studying peas and flowers.
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Inheritance
Inheritance is the passing of traits from parents to offspring
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Gene
A certain portion of DNA that codes for a specific protein Ex: Genes for hair color, eye color,
hormones, etc.
The rest of DNA is known as junk DNA.
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Gene
Some traits are complex and require multiple genes Skin color
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Allele
Alleles are different forms of one gene. Example:
The gene is hair color The alleles might be brown hair, blonde hair,
red hair, black hair, etc.
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Genotype
The genotype is the way we describe the genetic make-up of an individual.
The genotype always consists of two letters: one for the allele from the mother, one for the allele from the father Rr, SS, dd
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Phenotype
The phenotype is the physical appearance that is made as the result of an individual’s genotype.
The things we see!
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Genotype
Alleles are either dominant or recessive.
When a dominant allele is present, you only see the dominant phenotype even if the recessive allele is also present.
Hh
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Dominant
Dominant genes only require one allele to express the dominant phenotype.
Dominant alleles are represented in genotypes with a capital letter.
Examples: HH, Dd, SS, Tt,
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Recessive
Recessive genes require both alleles to express the recessive phenotype.
Recessive alleles are represented in genotypes with a lower case letter.
Examples: hh, dd, ss, tt,
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Heterozygous
Individuals are heterozygous for a gene when they receive a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from another parent.
Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu
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Think-Pair-Share
Why do individuals heterozygous for a gene always produce a dominant phenotype?
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Homozygous
Individuals are homozygous when they receive the same allele from both parents Individuals are either homozygous
dominant or homozygous recessive
RR, rr, SS, ss
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Exit Slip
1. __________ do mitosis, __________ do meiosis A. brains cells, heart cells B. eggs, sperm C. sperm, brain cells D. brain cells, eggs
2. If an individual is “Hh” for a trait1. Is this individual homozygous or heterzygous?2. Have a dominant or recessive trait?