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AP U.S. History 1 st Semester FINAL

1. The wealthiest colonists on the eve of the AmericanRevolution were

a. doctors and lawyers.b. merchants.c. farmers.d. clergymen.e. skilled artisans

2. Which of the following statements best describes theimportance of the Virginia House of Burgesses?

a. It failed miserably in establishing colonial rule.b. It was abolished immediately by King James I.c. It set the standard for more colonial legislative

bodies that would follow.d. It established Puritanism as the official religion.e. It controlled the economy of all English colonies.

3. The population of the Southern United States increaseddramatically between 1810 and 1860 due to

a. the Louisiana Purchase.b. the natural birth rate of African slaves.c. an increase in the number of imported slaves.d. Indian removal policies.e. the advent of the Lowell system.

4. The best example of rising sectional tensions caused bywestward expansion in antebellum American can be seen

in a. the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.b. the Bear Flag revolt.c. the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.d. the Wilmot Proviso.e. the failure to annex Texas.

5. The Compromise of 1820 (Missouri) provided fora. the end of slavery in the Washington D.C.b. admission of Maine as a free state and Missouri

as a slave state.c. gradual emancipation of slaves south of the

3630 line. d. slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty.e. the balance of power in the Senate to favor the

South.

6. The debate between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists concerning the ratification of the Constitutionmainly concerned

a. allegiance to European allies.b. power of the states over power of a central

government.c. slavery in the new nation.d. judicial review.e. a Bank of the United States.

7. Hamiltons financial plan was designed primarily toa. prepare the new nation for a possible war with

Britain.b. help protect the wealthy.c. improve the nations credit standing and financial

stability.

d. find ways to export more products from South.e. increase the countrys industrial capacity.

8. By the end of the 18 th century, the rise in the African slavetrade could be attributed to

a. the number of indentured servants who hadserved their contracted time and were now free.

b. the low cost of African slaves as compared towhite servants.

c. revolts in Haiti and the Dominican Republic.d. the decline in the plantation economy.

e.

the rise of cotton as a cash crop.

9. The Great Awakening had all of the following effects onAmerican colonial society EXCEPT

a. increased respect for traditional ministers.b. construction of universities to train clergy.c. establishment of new Protestant sects.d. greater emotion in church servicese. common religious experiences in various colonies

10. The Puritans believed that their purpose in the colonieswas to

a. become an example of faith for the world to seeb. create a democracy that would model that of

ancient Greecec. abide by the rules of the Church of Englandd. earn riches to send back to the mother countrye. forge an alliance with natives in order to gain

power for England

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11. As a result of heavy debts left from the French and IndianWar, the British Parliament decided to

a. remove all British military posts in the coloniesb. hand Canada and Louisiana to the Frenchc. shift their attention to a war with the

Netherlandsd. force the colonists to pay for the protection they

had been provided

e. remove heavy tariffs on imported goods tostimulate the economy

12. Americans who were most likely to approve of theArticles of Confederation were

a. wary of a central government wielding too muchpower

b. against strong states ri ghtsc. New England merchantsd. enlightened members of the Northern elitee. antislavery Quakers

13. The settlement of the Jamestown colony in Virginiasurvived as a result of

a. adherence to a strict Puritan work ethicb. the planting of tobacco as a cash cropc. the ability of the settlers to avoid confrontation

with Native Americansd. the leadership of Jonathan Edwardse. financial assistance from England

14. The main purpose of Black Codes was toa. ensure justice for freemenb. guarantee emancipation for slavesc. provide free public education to freedmend. grant land and mules to ex-slavese. limit the ability of ex-slaves to integrate into

Southern society

15. Writings that encouraged individualism and a connectionto nature were most evident in the works of

a. George Whitefieldb. Elizabeth Cady Stantonc. Washington Irving

d. Henry David Thoreaue. Booker T. Washington

16. The Great Compromise provided fora. a balance of power between the states and the

federal government b. checks and balances among the three branches of

government c. complete abandonment of the Articles of

Confederationd. a plan for the apportionment of congressional

representativese. the levying of income taxes

17. European contact with Native Americans between 1500and 1700 did all of the following EXCEPT

a. encourage the use of European farmingtechniques

b. lead to the formation of new tribesc. force once large native settlements to disbandd. prove lethal as new diseases were introduced to

the populatione. lead to the extensive enslavement of natives for

work on plantations

18. As a result of advancements in transportation in the1820s,

a. agriculture overtook industry in the Northb. once viable cities along the Erie Canal became

ghost townsc. regional specialization developed in the U.S.d. the federal government became more involved in

funding internal improvementse. transport of cotton to New England became more

viable on canals19. You cannot possibly have a broader basis for government

than that which includes all the people, with all theirrights in their hands, and with an equal power to maintaintheir rights. --- William Lloyd Garrison These wordswould most likely have come from

a. the Free Soil Party platformb. sermons of the Second Great Awakeningc. the abolitionist paper The Liberator d. the book Cannibals All e. Reconstruction congressional records

20. Shays Rebellion worked to convince many Americansthat

a. excise taxes should be loweredb. the United States needed to have a stronger

relationship with Francec. frontier settlers should arm themselves against

British troops in the west d. the central government of the United States

should be strongere. Native American tribes could not be trust

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21. All off the following were provisions of Henry ClaysAmerican system EXCEPT

a. high protective tariffsb. the building of a national roadc. federal subsidies to Southern farmersd. the recharter of the Bank of the United Statese. federally financed internal improvements

22. Cherokee Indians who had been told to move from theirhomelands found significant support from

a. settlers of the Great Plainsb. abolitionists such as Garrison and Douglassc. the Supreme Court d. the executive branche. the legislative branch

23. The Salem Witch Trials in 1692 werea. a product of poisoning of the colonists by native

tribesb. indicative of social and economic tensions among

colonistsc. a phenomenon isolated to Salemd. attacks by elite women on poorer citizense. isolated to the hunting of female victims

24. The Revolution of 1800 was significant because a. power was peacefully passed from the

Federalists to the Democratic Republicansb. the United States finally ended the threat of

Native Americans in the west c. Jefferson was elected by popular voted. American foreign policy strengthened toward

Britaine. Southerners successfully defended their right to

hold slaves

25. The treatment of native populations by Spanish explorersin current day Mexico and the American southwest is best described as

a. congenial and helpfulb. purely driven by Christian motivesc. harsh and unprincipled

d. open to the possibility of cohabitatione. curious and analytical

26. Originally, the convention that led to the drafting of theConstitution was called to

a. scrap the Articles and begin anewb. establish more stringent foreign policyc. create a system to handle disputes with Native

Americansd. finalize the independence of the nation from

Britain

e. revise the Articles of Confederation

27. The tariff controversy that began in 1828 rekindled thea. discussion of a federal income taxb. fight over the reelection of Martin Van Burenc. spirit of open trade between the United States

and Britaind. argument over federal involvement into internal

improvementse. controversy of the doctrine of nullification

28. The Emancipation Proclamation had the immediateimpact of

a. weakening the moral of troops in theConfederacy

b. shifting the purpose of the war to a moral fight c. turning more would-be Democrats into

Republicans in the Border statesd. reducing Union troop desertionse. abolitionists celebrating the success of immediate

emancipation

29. Tension and fighting between Britain and France spilledover to North America during the

a. War of Polish Successionb. Metacoms War c. Seven Years War d. Anglo-Franco Ware. French Wars of Religion

30. Native American tribes experienced a cultural shift beforeColumbus landed in the New World when

a. domesticated horses were introducedb. intricate irrigation systems were created

c. outbreaks of smallpox ravaged the continent d. contact with Asians brought firearms to the

continent e. knowledge of growing of corn moved up from

Mesoamerica

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31. The Mayflower Compact is best described asa. an intricate framework of central government b. a royal charterc. a declaration of freedom from the bonds of

Englandd. a foundation for self-government e. an allegiance to the Church of England

32. Sharecropping in the South after the Civil War led toa. a never-ending cycle of poverty and debt for

tenant farmersb. better use of the soil on former cotton plantationsc. the beginning of integration of former slaves into

white societyd. higher crop yields, which translated into greater

wealthe. more families living beyond the subsistence level

33. New Englands tightly knit colonial societies in the 17 th century began to experience trouble when

a. indentured servants ended their contracts anddemanded work

b. many began to question the strict adherence toCalvinist doctrine

c. Puritans intermarried with Nativesd. the birth rate among Puritan families began to

drope. Parliament revoked the Royal Charter in 1658

34. President Abraham Lincolns primary motive for enteringthe Civil War was

a. to emancipate the slavesb. the preserve the Unionc. to punish the South for secessiond. to enforce the Fugitive Slave Lawe. to mend the rift in the Democratic Party

35. Radical Reconstruction ended in 1877 with thea. successful integration of freed slaves into

Southern societyb. compromise agreement that removed federal

troops from the Southc. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

d. slave revolt in Santo Domingoe. immigration of freedmen to Northern cities

36. Disagr eements over Hamiltons financial plan resulted ina. the wholesale rejection of the plan by statesb. passage of the Bill of Rightsc. the immediate abolishment of excise taxesd. the failure of the National Bank e. the development of political parties

37. As a strict co nstructionist, President Jefferson had themost difficulty justifying his

a. ownership of African slavesb. sending the U.S. Navy to the Barbary Coast c. attempt to impeach Justice Samuel Chased. relationship with Aaron Burre. purchase of the Louisiana Territory from

Napoleon

38. The Maryland Act of Toleration (1639) was passed toa. encourage the diversity in the colonyb. maintain a safe haven for Catholics in the

coloniesc. expand the religious freedom of non-Christiansd. protect the right of free speech in the colonye. dissuade racism between whites and slaves

39. The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred,without justice and humanity impose on every nation, incases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate therelations of peace and amity towards other nations . ---George Washington, 1796 The quote above illustratesPresident Washingtons concern over

a. the development of political partiesb. the nations preparation for warfard c. the power of the Bank of the United Statesd. the signing of the Jay Treatye. U.S. neutrality and avoidance of alliances

40. The Monroe Doctrinea. was intended to limit European intervention in

the Western hemisphereb. received great praise from world leaders upon its

issuancec. was strongly enforced by the United States prior

to the Civil Ward. signaled a dramatic shift in U.S. foreign policy

towards neutrality and isolatione. committed the U.S. as the worlds policeman

41. Colonial New England women were able toa. skip attending church if domestic matters

dictatedb. enjoy control over matters of the household, such

as finances and purchasesc. own property and enter legal contracts only as a

widower or spinsterd. divorce a husband due to infidelitye. control the religious education of their children

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42. Among the numerous advantages promised by a well -constructed Union, none deserves to be more accuratelydeveloped than its tendency to break and control theviolence of faction ---James Madison, Federalist 10 , 1787In the quote above, Madison is warning against the dangerof

a. states losing power to the federal government b. a mobocracy

c. political partiesd. an overpowering executive branche. voting rights for the uneducated

43. The wrath of God burns against them, their damnationdoes not slumber; the pit is prepared, the fire is madeready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them ; theflames do now rage and glow. The glittering sword iswhet, and held over them, and the pit hath opened itsmouth under them ---Jonathan Edwards, 1741 The quoteabove embodies the spirit of the Great Awakening in that

a. the sermon attempts to emote feelings of angst among listeners

b. traditional Calvinist teachings are being sharedc. only the elite would hear such speechesd. predestination is valued above faithe. it shows that emotion has no place in worship

44. The Embargo Act of 1807 was enacted toa. incite a war with Britainb. protest British and French violation of U.S.

neutralityc. punish the South for trading with the Frenchd. protect New England manufacturers from cheap

British goodse. open shipping trade to non-American ships

45. Eli Whitneys invention of the cotton gin was significant inthat it

a. increased the number of slaves in the Southb. decreased the need for slave laborc. fueled the new reliance on steam powerd. led to the development of the firs textile mille. was important in the progress of the turbine

engine

46. The Marshall court strengthened the power of the judicialbranch by

a. declaring U.S. neutrality before the War of 1812b. acquitting Aaron Burr for the killing of Alexander

Hamiltonc. overturning convictions under the Alien and

Sedition Actsd. urging a tariff on imported British and French

goodse. establishing the precedent of judicial review by

overturning the Judiciary Act of 1789

47. At the time of the first wave of European settlers to NorthAmerica, most native American populations

a. could be found concentrated along the easternseaboard

b. had large, city like societal structuresc. were widely spread across the continent d. enjoyed the protection of confederationse. had similar languages and customs that unified

them

48. President Andrew Jackson demonstrated the increasingpower of the presidency through all of the followingEXCEPT

a. deterring the rise of national third-partycampaigns

b. vetoing the building of the Maysville Road inKentucky

c. ignoring the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v.Georgia

d. standing up to South Carolina during thenullification crisis

e. killing the Second Bank of the United States

49. The pamphlet Common Sense by Thomas Paine aided thecause of American revolutionaries because it

a. encouraged France to join in the war on the sideof the Americans

b. led to the ultimate repeal of the Stamp Act c. forced the King to consider the Olive Branch

petition

d. created the government that would take holdafter the revolution ended

e. pushed undecided Americans to join the fight forindependence

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50. All of the following are true about the Dred Scott rulingEXCEPT

a. it negated the Missouri Compromiseb. African Americans were not considered citizensc. it upheld the doctrine of popular sovereigntyd. it influenced the nomination of Abraham Lincolne. it determined that Congress never had the right

to ban slavery

51. The concept of popular sovereignty held that a. Congress has the sole right to determine where

slavery would exist b. citizens living within the new territory would

decide for themselves on the existence of slaveryc. individual property holders would decide

whether or not to hold slavesd. a national referendum vote would decide the

slavery issue for new statese. state courts had the right to overturn citizens

decisions regarding slavery

52. The Proclamation of 1763 was designed toa. punish the colonistsb. cause a rift between the Natives and the colonistsc. protect the colonists from Natives in the west d. draw more taxes from the Southe. open up western lands to more British settlement

53. Public education was MOST encouraged by which of thefollowing colonies?

a. Massachusettsb. Virginiac. Georgiad. New York e. Maryland

54. By the Civil War, the South differed from the North in that the South

a. had more developed transportation systemb. boasted a more educated white citizenryc. contained more cities than the Northd. attracted fewer European immigrants

e. allowed women to vote in local elections

55. One possibly early advantage for the Confederacy duringthe Civil War was

a. potential British and French intervention in favorof the South

b. greater ability to fight an offensive warc. advanced industryd. better river and land transportatione. successful naval blockade

56. The compromise made in the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) served to irritate sectional tensions further by

a. deeming the Missouri Compromise null and voidb. throwing out the Fugitive Slave Lawc. admitting Maine as a free state and Kansas and

Nebraska as slaved. making popular sovereignty unconstitutional

e. ending the old Republican party

57. Bacons Rebellion led toa. a reduction in slave traffickingb. a decrease in the reliance on indentured servantsc. stricter laws adhering to church doctrined. deportation of religious hereticse. improvement of relations between natives and

colonists

58. The largest group of immigrants outside of England incolonial America by 1775 were

a. Irishb. Germanc. Africand. Scots-Irishe. French

59. The headright systema. established the right to import African slaves into

the Chesapeakeb. provided for the seizure of any ship carrying

indentured servants to the colonies

c. gave women legal right to claim their husbandsproperty upon his death

d. granted acreage to any person who paid thepassage of servants to the colonies

e. gave land to struggling debtors to cultivate cashcrops

60. A major difference between Congressional andPresidential Reconstruction was

a. the Congressional plan was much tougher onSoutherners than the presidential plan

b. the presidential plans did not seek to restorestatehood to Southern states quickly

c. the congressional plan provided for Black Codesto be instituted in the South

d. the presidential plans placed the South undermilitary occupation

e. the congressional plan allowed for individualpardons for former Confederates

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ANSWER KEY

1. B2. C3. B4. D5. B6. B

7. C8. A9. A10. A11. D12. A13. B14. E15. D

16. D17. E18. C19. C20. D

21. C22. C23. B24. A25. C26. E

27. E28. B29. C30. E31. D32. A33. D34. B35. B

36. E37. E38. B39. E40. A

41. C42. C43. A44. B45. A46. E

47. C48. A49. E50. E51. B52. C53. A54. D55. A

56. A57. B58. C59. D60. A