1st Description of Literature
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Transcript of 1st Description of Literature
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INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE
Compile bySantiana, S.S. M.Pd.
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What is literature, anyway?
Why do we study literature?
How do you study literature? Is there literature that's worth studying?
How do we make the distinction?
How does one critically think aboutliterature?
Basic questions about Literature
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What is Literature?SOME DEFINITIONS
Etymologically :1. Literatureis literally acquaintance with letters
(Latin litterameaning an individual writtencharacter/letter). The term has come to identify acollection of texts. As a proper noun it refers to a
whole body of literary work.2. We are concerned more with imaginative orcreative
writing. The kind of writing that is not real.
3. A text is a creation of the poet/author/dramatistavailable to an audience and meant to create animpact intellectual and emotional
4. Words are the literary artists tools. Literature isverbal art. Verbal art is a form of creative expressionusing words, (i.e. the ability to read, write, communicate(talking & listening) and comprehend.
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5. Literature is a form of art.
narrows its meaning, equates literature to works ofimagination or creative writing.
6. Literature is the art of written works.
7. Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken
material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe
anything from creative writing to more technical or scientificworks, but the term is most commonly used to refer to
works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry,
drama, fiction (prose), and nonfiction.
8. Sastra (Sanskerta: shastra) merupakan kata serapandari bahasa Sanskerta Sastra, yang berarti teks yang
mengandung instruksi atau pedoman, dari kata
dasarSasyang berarti instruksi atau ajaran dan Tra
yang berarti alat atau sarana.
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Dalam bahasa Indonesia kata ini biasadigunakan untuk merujuk kepada
kesusastraan atau sebuah jenis tulisan yang
memiliki arti atau keindahan tertentu.
Sastra atau Kesusastraan adalah
pengungkapan dari fakta artistik dan imajinatif
sebagai manifestasi kehidupan manusia (dan
masyarakat), melalui bahasa sebagai mediumyang memiliki efek positif terhadap kehidupan
manusia (kemanusiaan).
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Why study literature?
We study literature because1. It enriches us; for wisdom, for entertainment,
for an understanding of kinds human
experiences.2. It is deep, beautiful and moving.
3. It is an excellent way to sharpen your close
reading skills, enable critical thinking, andclean our general sense of art appreciation.
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4. It feeds our souls. Great works of
literature treat timeless themes that
resonate with readers across centuries.
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We need to study Literature
because... Literature introduces us to new worlds of
experience. We learn about books and
literature; We enjoy the comedies and thetragedies of poems, stories, and plays;
and we may even grow and evolve
through our literary journey with books.
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Literature helps us get attuned with our
feelings desires and sentiments like self-
denial passion, romance, anger, wrath,and (etc...) teaches us role playing when
you act out Shakespearean plays. It
improves vocabulary by forcingto readmore novels. Basically, just gets us
thinking about the finer things in life.
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Literature improves out
spelling,grammar,vocabulary, enriches our
mind, makes us more creativ, and opensup a world of ideas and possibilitiesthat
you might not have necessarily thought of
on your mind.
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How do we study literature? There are many critical ways to approach a text including the
formalist, biographical, historical, textual, psychological,mythological, sociological, deconstructionist, feminist, or
reader-response, semiotic etc.
Formalist critics focus on the formal elements of a text. They
examine the relationship between form and meaning,emphasizing how a work is arranged. This kind of close
reading pays special attention to diction, figures of speech,
plot, characterization, narrative technique, rhyme schemes,
meter etc. Formalists look at how these elements worktogether to give kind to a work while contributing to its
meaning. Information that goes beyond the text - biography,
history, politics, economics, and so on - are regarded as
extrinsic.
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Critically thinking about and reading literature
ANALYZE: What does the passage mean,
literally?
INTERPRET: What does it mean figuratively?
How do you read it and what suggests that
this is a valid interpretation?
QUESTION: What problems are suggested by
the reading? What philosophical question(s)
does the reading inspire?
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SYNTHESIZE: How does this reading
compare or contrast in content/form with
what you've read before?
EVALUATE: The writing. What criteria do
you use to establish this judgment? What
defines a first rate poem, play, story etc?
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What is goodliterature and what
is badliterature?1.Lasting impression
2.Stretches the imagination, complex3.Aesthetically pleasing, artistic
4.Message lines of culture and time
5.Accepted into the canon/norm
The important aspect beauty, honesty and the truth
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Appreciation to Literary ( to appreciate )
Reward Evaluate - Understand
Apresiasi dalam suatu karya mempunyai
tingkatan :(1) tingkat menggemari,
(2) tingkat menikmati,
(3) tingkat mereaksi, dan
(4) tingkat produktif.
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Literary Genres
Definition: categories used to groupdifferent types of literary work, such as
Fiction
Poetry Prose
Drama
Non-Fiction
Essay Biography
Autobiography
History
Memoir
Diary
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What is Poetry?
Poetry (from the Greek "poiesis", a "making" or"creating")
Poetry can be defined as literature in a metrical form or
a composition forming rhythmic lines. In short, a
poetry/poem is something that follows a particular flow of
rhythm and meter.Line the sentence of a poem the sentences in poetry can
be stretched, cut, interrupted, fragmented
Stanza the paragraph of a poem consists of a set of lines
puisi merupakan ragam sastra yang bahasanya terikat
oleh irama, matra, rima, serta penyusunan larik dan
bait
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What is Prose? The word prose comes from the Latin
prosa, meaning straightforward/honest,
hence the term "prosaic," which is often
seen a pejorative/underestimate.
Prosa merupakan aktivitas konstruktif, yaitu proses
penciptaan dengan cara menyebarkan kesan-kesan dari
ingatan.
Prosa merupakan pengucapan dengan pikiran,sedangkan Puisi merupakan pengucapan dengan
perasaan.
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What is Drama ?
Drama is defined by Aristotle as acriticism of life, on a stage, with action,
characters and dialogue. The Greek word
for deed or action is dram.
Drama ialah jenis sastra dalam bentuk puisi atau
prosa yang bertujuan menggambarkan kehidupan
lewat lakuan dan dialog (cakapan) para tokoh.Lazimnya dirancang untuk pementasan panggung.
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What is Essay ?
Essay, yaitu karangan pendek tentangsuatu fakta yang dikupas menurutpandangan pribadi penulisnya.
What is Biography ?
Biography, adalah cerita tentang hidupseseorang yang ditulis oleh orang lain.
What is Autobiography ? Autobiography, adalah biografi yang
ditulis oleh tokohnya sendiri.
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What is History ?
History adalah cerita tentang zamanlampau suatu masyarakat berdasarkansumber tertulis maupun tidak tertulis.
What is Memoir ?Memoir adalah otobiografi tentang sebagian
pengalaman hidup saja.
What is Diary ?Diary adalah catataan seseorang tentang
dirinya atau lingkungannya yang ditulis secarateratur.
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What is the difference between prose, poetry and
drama?
Poetry is a sample of literature written in verse
or meter.
Prose writing is usually adopted for thedescription of facts or the discussion of whatever
one's thoughts are, incorporated in free flowing
speech.
Drama is defined as a criticism of life, on astage, with action, characters and dialogue.