1st Assignment Final-Monir

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1

Assignment

On

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMY

ASEAN (1)

Submitted to: - Md. Bakhtiar Rana

Chairman

Dept. of Marketing

Jagannath University

Submitted by:-NIMBUS

2nd Batch

Dept. of Marketing


Submission date- 16 May, 2010



2


Department of Marketing

NIMBUS

(Today and tomorrow’s marketing leaders)

NAME ID NO

1) Md. Ashraful Alam 07882889

2) Md. Masum Billah 07882806

3) Md.Mamun-Ar-Rashid 07882881

4) Kazal Chandra Karmaker 07882882

5) M.M.Abdullah Al Maswood 07882853

6) Sheik Azharul Islam 07882791

7) Md. Jahangir Alam 06631880

8) Md. Monir Hossain 07882802

9) Jaynal Abedin 07882801

Group Leader: Md. Ashraful Alam 07882889



3

Chapter 1

1.0 Introduction

After the 2

nd

world war united nation (UN) was formed in order to safety and habitable of worldby taking all countries under one flag. It was thought that this organization would solve all of

social, economical and political problem of the countries. But many problems come in front

because of geographical country and the huge disparity of eco-social condition in spite of

willingness to solve this problem. So, the concept of forming regional, political and economical

organization had grown. ASEAN is a geographical economical organization. Basically, the

association of Southeast Asian Nation is known as ASEAN. It is consisted with 11 countries.

ASEAN was formed on 8th

august 1967 by 5 south Asian same minded countries – Indonesia,

Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Its main purposes are the economic

development of country, social progress, increasing economic growth, cultural development

among its members by exchanging facilities, the protection of the peace and stability of theregion and to provide the opportunities for member countries regarding internal and external

economic problem. Keeping this new in mind and to fulfill this view easily the five countries had

increased their members from five to eleven including Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam

and East Timor in the years of subsequently. ASEAN is successfully doing its job to keep

economic, social, religious and cultural constancy among the members country. Most of ASEAN

countries have a good economic relation with Bangladesh. So ASEAN is an important and non-

reject able organization in Bangladesh perspective.

Chapter 2

Export to ASEAN countries

2.0 Introduction

The role of Export in the Economic Perspective is inevitable. If the rolling of exports is higher

than import, it will ensure an auspicious economic growth of a country. ASEAN countries play avital contribution to Bangladesh economy. Bangladesh gets good amounts of foreign currency

through exporting different goods and services in ASEAN market.



4

2.1 Bangladesh export to Brunei

Brunei is small country with a wealthy economic condition. Its economy is a mixture of foreign

and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village

tradition. It is almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas, with revenues

from the petroleum sector.

2.1.1 Major exported products:

1. Live animals, animals products

2. Plastics and articles thereof

3. Raw hides and skins, leather

4. Printed books, newspaper, typescripts5. Textiles and textile articles

6.

Potential chemicals

Years Amount (Taka in Millions) Growth Rate

2004-05 30.567 77%

2005-06 32.706 7%

2006-07 26.910 -18%

2007-08 30.153 12%

2008-09 19.941 -34%

Table 2.1.1: The amounts of exports in last six years to Brunei from Bangladesh

Source: Annual Export Receipts (2008-09), (2006-07) Statistics Department,

Bangladesh Bank



5

Fig 2.1.1: Export to Brunei from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Now let’s see what the major exports to Brunei were for the last four years and how much

was the percentage of total export.

Table: 2.1 Exported products to Brunei

(Value in million tk.)

Name of the products 2005-06 2006-07 2007-

08 2008-

09

1.Live animals, animals

products

3.814

2.Plastics and articles thereof 48

3.Raw hides and skins, leather 21.132 5.873 7.886 5.735

4.Printed books, newspapers,ypescripts

0.211

5.Textiles and textile articles 11.016 21.011 18.366 13.409

6.Potential chemicals 0.758

Source-Export receipts: 08-09, 07-08, 06-07, 05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B. page 123-124.

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Amount (Taka in Millions)

Growth Rate



6

Fig-2.1

2.1.2 Analysis

In the year 2005-06 we exported raw hides and skins 64.64% and textiles and textiles articles

33.70%.In 2006-07 raw hides and skins decreased 21.85% and textiles and textiles articles

increases 78.15%.In 2007-08 we exported some new products such as live animals 12.65%,

plastics and articles thereof 0.16%, printed books and newspaper 0.70%.Increases raw hides

26.16% but decreases textiles 60.95%.In 2008-09 our total export decreased. Raw hides and

skins decreases 28.82%, textiles and textiles articles decreased 67.38%. Chemical was first

exported at 3.82% in 2008-09.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

501.Live animals, animals products

2.Plastics and articles thereof

3.Raw hides and skins, leather

4.Printed books, newspapers,

typescripts

5.Textiles and textile articles

6.Potential chemicals



7

2.1.3 Causes of Increasing Export:

1. There are several things that works behind the increasing the export of Textile fabric.

They are available cheap labor, uninterruptable power supply and available foreign raw

materials.

2.

Bangladesh has a good reputation in pharmaceuticals and we are able to export at acheaper rate.

3. Bangladesh is dexterous in producing many dry food items because raw materials are

available in Bangladesh.

2.2 Bangladesh export to Cambodia

Cambodia is a pivotal country where Bangladesh exports notable amount of goods& services inevery economic year. The relationship in terms of export from Bangladesh to Cambodia

contributes a lot in our trade and business.


1. Products of the chemical or allied industries



4. Pulp of wood or of other fibrous

5. Textiles and textile articles


2004-05 55.131 15%

2005-06 39.192 -29%

2006-07 44.781 14%

2007-08 50.749 13%

2008-09 46.246 -8%

Table 2.2.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Cambodia from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



8

Fig 2.2.1: Exports to Cambodia from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table: 2.2 Exported products to Cambodia


Name of the products 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

2008-09

1. Products of the chemicalor allied industries

2.242 12.953 17.646

2. Plastics and articles

thereof

0.686

3. Raw hides and skins,

leather

42.693 42.976 31.267 25.679

4. Pulp of wood or of otherfibrous

1.172 0.055

5. Textiles and textile articles 15.180 26.550 5.788 1.670

Source-Export receipts: 08-09, 07-08, 06-07, 05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B, page 149-150

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

40004500

5000

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

2736.4 4105.91

65% 50%



9

Fig 2.2

2.2.2 Analysis

In 2005-06 Bangladesh exported Cambodia raw hides, skins and leather at 68.67%, Pulp of wood

or other fibrous at 1.89%, textiles and textile articles at 24.42%. In 2006-07 new item products of

the chemical or allied industries was added to export at the rate of 2.97% of total export. Other

items were remaining with increasing of textiles from 24.42% to 35.23%.In 2007-08 products of the chemical or allied industries increased rapidly from 2.97% to 25.52%. New item plastics and

articles included. Others were reduced in compare with previous years. In 2008-09 products of

the chemical or allied industries were increase more. But textiles and textiles articles has fallen a

big number from 11.41 to 3.61%.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1. Products of the chemical or

allied industries



4. Pulp of wood or of other

fibrous




10


1. There are several things that works behind the increasing the export of Textile fabric.

They are available cheap labor, uninterruptable power supply and available foreign raw

materials.

2.

Bangladesh has a good reputation in pharmaceuticals and we are able to export at acheaper rate.

3. Bangladesh is dexterous in producing many dry food items because raw materials are

available in Bangladesh.

2.3 Bangladesh export to Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the bigger countries of South East Asia. It has more than 200 million

population markets for Bangladesh. It is a more potential and good market from Bangladeshi

point of view.


1. Live animals, animals products2. Vegetable products

3. Tobacco and substitutes

4. Products of the comical and allied industries5. Plastics and articles thereof


7. Wood and articles of wood

8. Textiles and textile articles9. Iron and steel

10. Machinery

11. Miscellaneous

The amounts of are shown below:


2004-05 648.53 294%

2005-06 289.39 -55%

2006-07 978.35 238%

2007-08 1420.25 45%



11

2008-09 1351.17 -5%

Table 2.3.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Indonesia from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Fig 2.3.1: Exports to Indonesia from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table-2.3 Exported products to Indonesia

( value in million tk.)

Name of the products 2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-08 2008-

09

1. Live animals 0.862 5.294 5.482

2. Vegetables products 22.770 15.82 0.669 45.671

3 .Tobacco and 14.07 10.671 51.101

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600


Growth Rate



12

substitutes

4.Products of the chemical

and allied industries

68.987 109.577 40.882 91.78

5. Plastics 3.165 0.484 6.361 12.480

Source-Export receipts: 08-09, 07-08, 06-07, 05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B, page 202-205

Fig 2.3

2.3.2 Analysis

In 2005-06 Bangladesh exported many item to Indonesia. But textiles and its article export in a

big amount which is 74.69 % of total. Other items like products of the chemical and allied

industries 6.76%, iron and steel 14.90% were exported. In 2006-07 textiles had fallen down in

69.41%. Iron and steel had fallen in 13.66%. Though their total amount had increased from

previous years. Raw hides, skins, leather and product of chemical were increased. In 2007-08

total amount and percentage of total export of textiles and raw hides were increased from 69.41%

to 17.17% consecutively. But others were reduced. In 2008-09 all the items were reduced

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1. Live animals

2. Vegetables products

3 .Tobacco and substitutes

4.Products of the chemical and

allied industries

5. Plastics



13

without products of chemical. It was increased from 2.92% to 6.77%. New item is live animals

and products but little amount which is 0.4% of totals.


1. Bangladesh has a good reputation in pharmaceuticals and we are able to export at acheaper rate.

2. There are several things that works behind the increasing the export of Woven garments.They are available cheap labor, uninterruptable power supply and available foreign raw

materials. 3. We have an auspicious environment for Raw jute, Tobacco.

4. Raw leather and raw juts are highly available in Bangladesh so we can produce and

export many Sacks & bags in Indonesia.

2.4 Bangladesh export to Laos

2.4.1 Major items export to Laos:

1. .Plastics and articles thereof

2. Raw hides, skins and leather

3. Textiles and articles

4. Miscellaneous

5. Optical

The amounts of exports in last six years to Laos are shown below:


2004-05 0 -

2005-06 41.88 -

2006-07 16.15 -61%

2007-08 15.85 -2%

2008-09 19.57 23%

Table 2.4.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Laos from Bangladesh Source: Annual Export Receipts (2008-09), (2006-07) Statistics Department,

Bangladesh Bank



14

Table -2.4 Exported products to Laos



06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-09

1..Plastics and articles

thereof

6.12 2.235

2.Raw hides, skins andleather

37.810

12.716 6.397 9.468

3.Textiles and article 4.041 2.407 0.317 6.009

4.Miscellaneous 0.247 2.520 1.704

5.Optical 0.159

Source-Export receipts:08-09,07-08,06-07,05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B .page 239-240

Fig 2.4

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Growth Rate



15

2.4.2 Analysis

In 2005-06 we export only two products that is an amount of 41851 million tk. Those are raw

hides, skins, leather 90 % and textiles articles. In 2006-07 we export 3 products but decreased an

amount of 16167 tk. raw hides, skins and leather retains 1 as 78 % exported. In 2007-08 4

products exported but in amount less than previous years. Raw hides, skins and leather 40% lost

their market, plastics and thereof 41% in top position in exported products. In 2008-09 we

exported 5 products that is an amount of 19575 million tk. more than previous years. Textiles

articles 30% increased in a good amount of exported products.

2.5 Bangladesh export to Malaysia

Malaysia is one of the most significant nations in ASEAN. There are a number of remarkable

products and services are being exported from Malaysia to Bangladesh as well as the trade

relation with Malaysia is increasing rapidly.

2.5.1 Major items export to Malaysia:

1. Live animals and animals products

2.

Vegetables products3. Animal and vegetables

4. Foodstuffs, beverages, skinner and vinegar

5. Mineral product6. Pharmaceuticals products and chemicals

7. Plastic and rubber

8. Raw hides and skins, leather9. Printed books, newspaper, paperbound, picture

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1..Plastics and articles thereof

2.Raw hides, skins and leather

3.Textiles and article

4.Miscellaneous

5.Optical



16


11. Iron, steel, copper


2004-05 529.58 33%2005-06 726.22 37%

2006-07 1043.35 43%

2007-08 164.22 -84%

2008-09 117.82 -28%

Table -2.5: Exported products to Malaysia



06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

1. Live animals and products 102.964 134.307 164.278 117.816

2.Vegetables products 126.578 90.265 39.473 161.321

3.Animal and vegetables 1.004 1.064 3.717

4.Foodstuffs,beverages,skinet

30.778 27.228 178.155 160.837

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200


Growth Rate



17

and vinegar

5.Mineral product 2.942 456.468

Source-Export receipts:08-09,07-08,06-07,05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B.page 249-250

Fig 2.5

2.5.2Analysis

In 2005-06 Bangladesh exported highly such as animals, vegetables, pharmaceutical products,

textiles and articles to Malaysia. But mineral product and plastic and rubbers exported rate

decreased. In 2006-07 animals, plastics and rubbers, textiles and articles had increased than

previous year 05-06. But vegetables, foodstuffs, skins, raw hides and iron, steel, copper had

decreased. In 2007-08 the exported products live animals, pharmaceuticals products, plastics,

raw hides and textiles increased but other products decreased. In 2008-09 Bangladesh exported

mineral products, pharmaceuticals which percentage rate was high than previous year.

2.5.3 Causes of Increasing and fluctuation of Export:

1. Bangladesh has a good reputation in pharmaceuticals and we are able to export at a

cheaper rate.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1. Live animals and products

2.Vegetables products

3.Animal and vegetables

4.Foodstuffs,beverages,skinet

and vinegar

5.Mineral product



18

2. There are several things that works behind the increasing the export of Woven garments

and knitwear. There are available cheap labor, uninterruptable power supply andavailable foreign raw materials.

3. Bangladesh ecology is favorable for shrimp cultivation.

4. Our agricultural production depends on whether so our agricultural products export like

potato and jute fluctuate.

2.6 Bangladesh export to Myanmar

Myanmar is the nearest country of Bangladesh. It is one of the ASEAN countries. Bangladesh

extends export in different countries. Myanmar is one of them. Myanmar is an industrially least

developed country. So Bangladesh has lot of opportunity to export in Myanmar.



2. Products of the chemical and

Allied industries




6. Ceramic products

7. Iron, steel

8. Live animals

9. Machinery

The amounts of exports in last six years to Myanmar are shown below:



19


2004-05 212.52 66%

2005-06 262.61 19%

2006-07 253.09 -4%

2007-08 92.34 -63%

2008-09 125.38 36%

Table 2.6.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Myanmar from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table -2.6: Exported products to Myanmar


Name of the products 2005-06

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Vegetables products 0.585 548 4.928 664

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300


Growth Rate



20

Products of the chemical

d allied industries

58.903 10.3300 92.343 125.379

Plastics and articles thereof 1.587 0.180

Raw hides and skins,

ather

10.447 73.198 8.358 4.694

Textiles and articles 0.348 2.255 1.939 13.616

Source-Export receipts:08-09,07-08,06-07,05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B. page 127-129.

Fig 2.6

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1.Vegetables products

2.Products of the chemical and

allied industries

3.Plastics and articles thereof

4.Raw hides and skins, leather

5.Textiles and articles



21

2.6.2 Analysis

In 2005-06 Bangladesh had exported highly chemical, allied industries, plastics and articles

thereof and textiles to Myanmar. But the rates of other products have decreased. In 2006-07Bangladesh had exported highly chemical, allied industries which increased from previous years.

But some products percentage decreased such as vegetables products, plastics and articles, live

animals from previous years. In 2007-08 exported products vegetables products and iron, steel

increased from previous years. In 2008-09 Bangladesh had exported chemical, allied industries

and iron, steel which rate was high than previous years. But other products rate decreased such as

vegetables, plastics, raw hides ceramic products from previous years.

2.6.3 Causes of Increasing and decreasing of Export:

1. Bangladesh has a good reputation in pharmaceuticals and we are able to export at a

cheaper rate.

2. Bangladesh has a great demand in its own develop rather than its production that’s whyits exports have been decreasing day after day.

3. Bangladesh has available leather and cheap labor so it can produce and exports foot

wear.

2.7 Bangladesh export to Singapore

Export to ASEAN countries especially in Singapore provides a major source of foreign currency

for Bangladesh. The trend of export to Singapore is going towards progress.


1. Live animals: animal products


3. Foodstuffs, beverages

4. Mineral product

5. Products of the chemical and allied industries



22




9. Pulp of wood or of other fibrous


11. Vegetable fat and oil

12. Footwear, headgear

13. Articles of stone

14. Natural and cultured pearls

15. Base metals and articles of base metal

16. Machinery and mechanical

17. Vehicles, aircraft, vessels

The amounts of exports in last six years to Singapore are shown below:


2004-05 2736.4 65%

2005-06 4105.91 50%

2006-07 4520.26 10%

2007-08 3149.13 -30%

2008-09 3909.07 24%

Table 2.8.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Singapore from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



23

Fig 2.8.1: Exports to Singapore from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table -2.7 Exported products to Singapore



06

2006-07 2007-

08

2008-

09

1.Live animals : animal

products

53.373 156.873 115.43

2

59.920

2.Vegetables products 600.99

3

664.174 251.44

4

83.834

3. Foodstuffs, beverages 46.15 76.627 110.52

5

190.88

94. Mineral product 2632.8

47

546.334 1808.1

77

5. Products of the chemical

and allied industries

368.01

9

26.874 94.437 45.273

Source-Export receipts:08-09,07-08,06-07,05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B. page 319-324

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000


Growth Rate



24

Fig 2.7

2.7.2 Analysis

In 2005-06 we exported 17 types an amount of products of 5244877 tk. in which mineral

products 50%, vegetables products 11% and natural and cultured pearls noticeable. In 2006-07

we exported 16 types of products, that is about 4034101 million tk. natural and cultured pearls43

% and textiles articles 11.97% but mineral product 13.59% decreases a huge amount on the other

hand vegetable products 11% remain same. In 2007-08 we exported 15 types of products that is

about 3149128 million tk. That means our export decrease year by year. Though natural and

cultured pearls are top position29% but it decreases than previous years. In 2008-09 we export

17 products that is amount about 3909069 that is more than 07-08.After 1 year we export mineral

products 46% and that is gained top position. Textiles and articles exports also increase. But we

lost our pearls 4% and vegetable products 0.35%. So after analyzing we have a good chance to

export in Singapore.

2.7.3 Causes of Increasing and decreasing of Export:

1. There are several things that works behind the increasing the export of Woven garmentsand knitwear. There are available cheap labor, uninterruptable power supply and

available foreign raw materials. 2. Computer accessories are so developing day by day and demand of computer products

are increased

3. Bangladesh are reverend country and fish items are available to export

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1.Live animals : animal products2.Vegetables products3. Foodstuffs, beverages4. Mineral product5. Products of the chemical and allied

industries

2005-06

Growth

2006-07

Growth

2007-08

Growth

2008-09

Growth



25

2.8 Bangladesh export to Thailand

Thailand is one of the major countries of ASEAN tigers. Thailand’s economy is standing on

strong base. Bangladesh keeps trade relation with Thailand over the years. Bangladesh export

many goods to Thailand.




3. Prepared foodstuffs



6. Raw hides and skins



9. Footwear, headgear



12. Vehicles, aircraft

The amounts of exports in last six years to Thailand are shown below:


2004-05 2760.14 97%



26

2005-06 1381.73 -50%

2006-07 1280.12 -7%

2007-08 471.77 -63%

2008-09 2431.74 415%

Table 2.9.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Thailand from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Fig 2.9.1: Exports to Thailand from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table -2.8 Exported products to Thailand


Name of the

products

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

1. Live

animals :

animal

131.51 193.056 160.195 163109

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000


Growth Rate



27

products

2. Vegetables

products

69.675 2.778 0.865

3. Prepared

foodstuffs

3.146 5.435

4. Products of

the Chemical

11.532 19.104 25.361 906.726

5.Plastics and

articles

0.162 2.146 3.511 7.377

Source-Export receipts:08-09,07-08,06-07,05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B. page 356-359.

Fig 2.8

2.8.2 Analysis

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

1. Live animals : animal products



4. Products of the Chemical

5.Plastics and articles



28

In 2005-06 textiles and articles and base metals and its articles exported highly than other

products. In 2006-07 textiles export decreased but base metal and its articles export rate

increased. In 2007-08 live animals and animal’s products exported highly. Base metal and its

articles export rate decreased hugely. In 2008-09 products of the chemical exported highly from

previous years. Export change of other products was not noticeable.

2.8.3 Causes of Increasing and Fluctuation of Export:

1. There are several things that works behind the increasing the export of knitwear.

There are available cheap labor, uninterruptable power supply and available foreign

raw materials

2. Bangladesh has available leather and cheap labor so it can produce and exports footwear.

3. Bangladesh ecology is favorable for shrimp cultivation.

4. We have an auspicious environment for raw jute.

2.9 Bangladesh export to Vietnam

Vietnam is one of the major countries of ASEAN. Bangladesh has a long trade relationship with

Vietnam. There are a huge demand for Bangladeshi products and service. Bangladesh export

many products to Vietnam.

2.9 Major exported products

1. Live animals, animals products

2. Foodstuffs, beverage, sprits, vinegar

3. Pharmaceuticals products andChemicals

4. Plastic and rubbers


6. Textiles & articles

7. Iron & steel

8. Machinery

9. Miscellaneous

10. Vegetable



29

The amounts of exports in last six years to Vietnam are shown below:


2004-05 1544.84 71%

2005-06 1359.65 -12%

2006-07 2310.67 70%

2007-08 36.61 -98%

2008-09 66.73 82%

Table 2.10.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Vietnam from Bangladesh

Source: Annual Export Receipts (2008-09), (2006-07) Statistics Department,Bangladesh Bank

Fig 2.10.1: Exports to Vietnam from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table -2.9 Exported products to Vietnam


-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500


Growth Rate



30


06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09


products

2.351 6.141 51.891 275.94

6

2.Foodstuffs,beverage,sprits,vin

gar

42.200 23.998 0.503

3.Pharmaceuticals products

and Chemicals

28.219 27.737 66.875 115.80

1

4.Plastic and rubbers 2.748 29.124 58.309 67.451

5.Raw hides and skins, leather 607.68

3

417.36

3

441.73

6

358.28

6


Fig 2.9

2.9.2 Analysis

In 2005-06 only raw hides and skins, leather and textiles and articles exported highly. These

products percentage rate was 40.37% and 54.36%.other products exported few. In 2006-07

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700


products

2.Foodstuffs,beverage,sprits

,vingar

3.Pharmaceuticals products

and Chemicals



31

textiles and textiles articles export was highest, which rate was 51.06% .Raw hides, skins, leather

and iron, steel export was noticeable. In 2007-08 raw hides, skins export increased from previous

years. But textiles and articles and iron and steel export decreased from previous years. In 2008-

09 live animals and animals’ products, pharmaceuticals products and chemical, plastics and

articles, textiles and its articles increased from previous years. Other products export rate

decreased.

2.9.3 Causes of Increasing and Decreasing of Export:

1. We have an auspicious environment for raw jute.

2. Bangladesh has a good reputation in pharmaceuticals and we are able to export at acheaper rate.

3. Bangladesh has available leather and cheap labor so it can produce and exports foot wear.

2.10 Bangladesh export to Philippines

Philippine is one of the countries of South East Asia. Bangladesh has a long trade relationship

with Philippine. Every year Bangladesh has exported number of products to Philippine.

2.10.1 Major Exported products:



3. Foodstuffs beverages

4. Products of the Chemical or allied industries

5. Raw hides and Skins

6. Pulp of wood or other fibrous cellulosic

7. Textiles and textiles articles

8. Articles of stone, plaster, cement etc



11. Mineral product



32

The amounts of exports in last six years to Philippines are shown below:

Years Amount (Taka in Millions) Growth Rate2004-05 332.17 7%

2005-06 690.07 108%

2006-07 517.22 -25%

2007-08 249.07 -51%

2008-09 878.04 252%

Table 2.7.1: The amounts of Exports in last six years to Philippines from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Fig 2.7.1: Exports to Philippines from Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table -2.10 Exported products to Philippines


-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Amount (Taka in

Millions)Growth Rate



33

Name of the products 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

1. Live animals : animal

products

1.848

2. Vegetables products 0.339 0.214 0.171 24.892

3. Foodstuffs beverage 69.406 22.298

4. Products of the

Chemical or alliedindustries

28.457 35.679 43.061 216.368

5. Raw hides and Skins 10.579 1.250 3.718 1.503


Fig 2.10

10.1.2 Analysis

In 2005-06 foodstuffs, beverage, base metals and its articles exported hugely. In 2006-07all of

the products export rate decreased from previous without base metals and its articles. In 2007-08

live animals and animal’s products exported firstly. All products without base metals and its

articles export rate increased from previous years. In 2008-09 mineral products exported firsttime. Without vegetables and products of the chemical or allied industries all products export

rate decreased.

2.10.3 Causes of Increasing and Decreasing of Export:

1. Bangladesh has a good reputation in pharmaceuticals and we are able to export at a cheaper

rate.

0

50

100

150

200

250

1. Live animals : animal

products


3. Foodstuffs beverage

4. Products of the Chemical or

allied industries

5. Raw hides and Skins



34

2. There are several things that works behind the increasing the export of knitwear. There are

available cheap labor, uninterruptable power supply and available foreign raw materials

2.11 Overall chapter brief

Many existing implements Bangladesh has been faced through exporting goods and services

from ASEAN nation. There are many problems are available in Bangladesh such as appropriate

trade principal, absence of expert exporter, law quality of exportable goods, lack capital, curtain

amount of exportable products, failure in making agreement. That’s why balance of trade and

payment are meeting many existing restriction. Now Bangladesh govt. try to equalize the balance

of trade payment by applying different rules and regulations imposing many restriction as well as

Government should negotiate with ASEAN countries to ensure a fixed quota system in Financial

Market. Bangladesh Govt. can be taken different effective steps in to consideration such as

increasing products standardization reducing cost of production supplying capital, making tradeagreement reducing export tax etc.

Table 2.11 Total Export to ASEAN countries


Country name 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06

Brunei 19.902 30.135 26.884 32.692

Burma 345.529 446.704 208.294 71.870

Cambodia 46.46 50.749 75.367 62.172Indonesia 1351.172 1402.246 1317.924 1019.355

Laos 19.75 15.846 16.167 41.851

Malaysia 1876.421 1418.889 867.435 790.933

Philippines 878.036 249.074 371.715 233.976

Singapore 3909.069 3149.128 4034.101 5244.877

Thailand 2431.740 471.769 1492.799 1585.913

Vietnam 1189.719 1029.978 1547.345 1505.105

Source -Export receipts:08-09,07-08,06-07,05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B.

Figure 2.11 of ASEAN countries



35

Table 2.12 ASEAN total exports:

YEAR 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06

ASEAN Total (crore) 1206.7 826.5 995.8 1123.6

Figure 2.12 of total export

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

2008-09

2007-08

2006-07

2005-06

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1 2 3 4 5

Series1

Series2



36

Chapter 3

Import from ASEAN countries

3.0 Introduction

As the resources are scarce, so no country cannot continue its economic operation by its

available resources. Bangladesh has been satisfying its national demand through importing

various goods and services from different nation specially ASEAN countries in long period of

time. Bangladesh in a country which has a great demand of raw materials of textiles, computer

accessories, industrial machineries, electrics and so on that has to import from different countries

and ASEAN is remarkable of theme.

3.1Bangladesh import from Brunei

Brunei is one of the non major countries from the trade perspective of Bangladesh. Bangladesh

imports a few products from Brunei. Actually Bangladesh has a very new trade relationship with

Brunei.

3.1.1 Major imported products:


2. Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles

3. Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulose material; paper or paperboard, recovered paper or

paperboard



6. Machinery and mechanical appliance electrical equipment, parts thereof, sound recorders and

reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers and parts.



37

The amounts of imports in last six years from Brunei are shown below:


2004-05 6.3 -60%

2005-06 11.89 88%

2006-07 25.51 115%

2007-08 97.32 282%

2008-09 29.28 -70%

Table 3.1.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Brunei to Bangladesh

Source: Annual Import Payments (2008-09), (2006-07) Statistics Department,

Bangladesh Bank

Fig 3.1.1: Imports from Brunei to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09


Growth Rate



38

Table 3.1 Imported products from Brunei ( value in million tk.)

Name of the products 2005-06 2006-

07

2007-08 2008-

09


or allied industries

0.237 3.337 7.420 3.102


thereof; rubber and articles

14.719 1.169 2.185 1.920

3. Pulp of wood or of other

fibrous cellulose material

1.34 10.447 17.816 1.069

4. Textiles and textilearticles

2.137 8.572 69.896 ----

5. Base metals and articles of

base metal

------ 3.452 ---- -----

Source-Import receipts: 08-09, 07-08, 06-07, 05-06.By statistics. Dept. of B.B.

FIG 3.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1. Products of the

chemical or allied

industries


thereof; rubber and

articles

3. Pulp of wood or of

other fibrous cellulose

material

4. Textiles and textile

articles

5. Base metals and

articles of base metal



39

3.1.2 Analysis

From the imported information of 05-06, the high percentage product are plastics and articles,

rubber machinery and mechanical therefore import decreased pulp of wood textiles and product

of chemicals. In 06-07,the imported product increased than 05-06.such as pulp of wood, textiles,

base metals, product of chemical .on the other hand plastics and articles have decreased than 05-

06. In 07-08 the imported product increased only textiles and textiles articles but other product

decreased than previous year. In 08-09 the imported product machinery and mechanical

appliance has increased but other product has decreased as well as previous year.

3.2 Bangladesh import from Cambodia

Cambodia is one of the countries of south East Asia. It is a non-major country from the trade

perspective of Bangladesh. Bangladesh imports a few products from Cambodia.


1. Pulp of wood or other fibrous cellulose material, recovered paper or paperboard, paper and

paperboard and articles thereof


3. Prepared foodstuffs, beverages sprits and vinegar, tobacco and manufactured tobacco

Substitutes


5. Machinery and mechanical appliance electrical equipment, parts thereof, sound recorders and

reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers and parts and accessories of

such articles

Table 3.2.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Cambodia to Bangladesh


2004-05 1.55 -

2005-06 0.95 -38%

2006-07 5.43 472%

2007-08 6.97 28%

2008-09 70.8 916%

Source: Annual Import Payments (2008-09), (2006-07) Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank



40

Fig 3.2.1: Imports from Cambodia to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.2 Imported products from Cambodia ( value in million tk.)


06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

1. Pulp of wood ---- 3.694 1.663 0.862


allied industries

---- ---- ---- 0.328

3. Prepared foodstuffs ---- ---- ---- 0.705

4. Textiles and textile articles 1.591 --- ---- ---

5. Machinery ---- 1.645 5.11 8.936


-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Amount (Taka in

Millions) 1.55

Growth Rate -



41

Fig 3.2

3.2.2 Analysis

In 05-06, Bangladesh imported from Cambodia only textiles and textiles articles. In 06-07,the

imported product textiles has decreased but pulp of wood and machinery has increased from

previous year. In 07-08, pulp of wood has decreased than 06-07 but machinery and mechanical

appliance has increased highly than 06-07. In 08-09 the imported product pulp of wood and

machinery and mechanical appliance have decreased but in o8-o9 Bangladesh imported new

product, products of chemical or allied industries, prepared food stuffs, from Cambodia.

Bangladesh has not imported these products in previous years.

3.3 Bangladesh import from Indonesia

Indonesia is a fast growing country. It stands on a strong economic base. Bangladesh has a long

trade relationship with Indonesia. Bangladesh imports a number of products from Indonesia.


1. Vegetable products

2. Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products, prepared edible fats, animal or

vegetable waxes

0

5

10

15

20

25 1. Pulp of wood

2. Products of the chemicalor allied industries



5. Machinery



42


substitute


5. Raw hides and skins, leather, fur skins and articles thereof, saddler and harness, travel goods,handbags and similar containers, articles of animal gut( other than silk-warm gut

6. Plastics and articles thereof rubber and articles thereof

7. Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal, cork and articles of cork, manufactures of straw,

of esparto or other painting materials, basket ware and wicker work

8. Pulp of wood or other fibrous cellulosic material, recovered(waste and scrap) paper or

paperboard, paper and paperboard and articles thereof


10. Footwear, headgear, umbrellas, sun umbrella, walking sticks, seat sticks, whips, riding crops

and parts thereof, prepared feathers and articles made thereof, artificial flowers, articles of

human hair

The amounts of imports in last six years from Indonesia are shown below:


2003-04 2173.14 -

2004-05 8801.47 305%

2005-06 1673.55 -80%

2006-07 1547.32 -8%

2007-08 30395.22 1864%

2008-09 34974.04 15%

Table 3.3.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Indonesia to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



43

Fig 3.3.1: Imports from Indonesia to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.3 imported products from Indonesia


Name of the products 2005-2006

2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009

1. Vegetable products 92.123 82232 469084 858330

2. Animal or vegetable fats 1024.712 10054.145 16513.351 20010.553

3.Prepared foodstuffs 235.007 204.204 94.443 72.095


or allied industries

109.621 1095.738 1342.462 2210.984

5. Raw hides and skins, 45.201 167.262 193.686 36.39


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports from Indonesia from Bangladesh



44

Fig 3.3

3.3.2 Analysis

In 05-06 Bangladesh has imported highly animals or vegetables fats, textiles, prepared food

stuffs from Indonesia. But the imported other products have decreased percentage such as

products of chemical, raw hide and skins, plastics and articles wood and articles, food wear. In

06-07, animal or vegetables, products of chemical or allied industries, raw hides, plastics and

articles, pulp of wood, textiles have increased than 05-06. But vegetable products, prepared food

stuffs, wood or articles, food wear have decreased than previous year. In 07-08, the imported

product animal or vegetable has only increased but other products have decreased than previous

year. In 08-09, Bangladesh has imported vegetables products, animal or vegetable products of

chemical, pulp of wood. This is high percentage than previous year. But other products such as

prepared food stuffs raw hides, plastics, wood and articles pulp of wood and textiles, foot wear

have decreased percentage than 07-08.

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000


2. Animal or vegetable fats

3.Prepared foodstuffs


allied industries

5. Raw hides and skins,



45

3.4 Bangladesh import from Laos

Laos is not a very renowned name in the world trade perspective. But now a days it export a

variety of products. Bangladesh import many necessary and import goods from Laos. The

amount of import is significant and it is increasing gradually.






5. Pulp of wood or other fibrous cellulose material, recovered(waste and scrap) paper or



7. Machinery and mechanical appliances, electronic equipment parts thereof, sound recorders

and reproducers, Television image

8. Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

Years Amount (Taka in Millions) Growth rate

2003-04 306.70 -

2004-05 496.01 -60%

2005-06 6432.06 -87%

2006-07 80.26 -99%

2007-08 150.49 87%

2008-09 60.74 -60%

Table 3.4.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Laos to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



46

Fig 3.4.1: Imports from Laos to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.4 Imported products from Laos


Products 2005-2006

2006-2007

2008-2009

1. Vegetable products --- 1339 ---

2. Textiles and textile articles 39.368 66.049 47.348


base metal

--- --- ---


allied industries

2.472 --- 6.424

5. Pulp of wood or other


0.319 1.261 0.091

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports from Laos to Bangladesh



47


Fig 3.4

3.4.2 Analysis

The above data we found hat, vegetable products imported percentage was increasing in the year

07-08 which is 2.91% from previous year 06-07 and also 05-06. But in the year 08-09 we see

that there is no import of vegetable product is occurred .that is very good sigh to us. Similarly we

see that base metals and articles, pulp of wood, paper board, paper articles ,and associated terms

poor equipments’ are two positive sight to us . But the textiles article was decreasing in the year

07-08 from the year 07 and 08. But in the year 08-09 again increasing in 77.95% which is very

harm o us. Also chemical products plastics, machinery and electronic parts, television image

import percentage are increasing with cheap rate.

3.5 Bangladesh import from Malaysia

Malaysia is one of the good developed countries, in ASEAN. We export many products there.

They are economically strong, but we have a potential there.


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000




base metal


allied industries

5. Pulp of wood or other fibrous

cellulose material



48




vegetable waxes


5. Pulp of wood or other fibrous cellulose material, recovered (waste and scrap) paper or



7. Base metals and articles of base metals


of esparto or other plaiting materials, basket ware and wickerwork

9. Prepared foodstuffs, beverages sprits and vinegar

10. Mineral products

11. Live animals, animal products

The amounts of imports in last six years from Malaysia are shown below:


2003-04 5089.92 -

2004-05 4714.67 -8%

2005-06 17050.12 262%

2006-07 18048.32 6%

2007-08 30926.7 71%

2008-09 47760.88 54%

Table 3.5.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Malaysia to Bangladesh

Source: Annual Import Payments (2008-09), (2006-07) Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank



49

Fig 3.5.1: Imports from Malaysia to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.5 Imported products from Malaysia

( value in millin tk.)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports from Malaysia to Bangladesh

Products 2005-06 2006-

07

2007-

08

2008- 09

1. Vegetable products --- 63.735 218.57

1

151.479

2. Textiles and textile articles 2606291 179599

7

2112.1

60

2089.03

3

3. Animal or vegetable fats 7067.10

9

8067.1

39

1196.3

15

1167.29

63


allied industries

1921.70

0

192.17

00

228.76

03

4346.76

9

5. Pulp of wood or other


--- 220.29

0

179.64

4

236.238



50


Fig 3.5

3.5.2 Analysis

In the chart of Malaysia we see that every product was imported in 08-09 yearbooks we found

that the rate of vegetable products, pulp of wood, plastic articles wood articles live animals

imported was low in the 08-09 from previous year. We also found that the percentage of

vegetables fats and mineral is pretty high from previous years. And other products like textiles

articles, chemical products, base metals are imported but increasing rate of 08-09 is low from

previous years.

3.6 Bangladesh import from Myanmar

Myanmar is a neighbor country of Bangladesh. Bangladesh maintains trade relationship with

Myanmar for over the years. We import a lot of products from Myanmar.



0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000



articles

3. Animal or vegetable

fats

4. Products of thechemical or allied

industries



51


3. Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleave rage products


5. Raw hides and skins, leather, fur skins and articles thereof


7. Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal, cork and articles of cork


substitutes

9. Machinery and mechanical appliances, electronics equipment parts thereof, sound recorders

and reproducers, Television image

The amounts of imports in last six years from Myanmar are shown below:


2003-04 0.00 -

2004-05 152.74 -

2005-06 334.26 119%2006-07 1440.24 331%

2007-08 7944.50 452%

2008-09 4585.54 -42%

Table 3.6.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Myanmar to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



52

Fig 3.6.1: Imports from Myanmar to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.6 imported products from Myanmar


Products 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008- 09

1.Live animals, animal products ---- 31.022 45.529 45.156

2. Vegetable products 198.612 206.476 6038.593 2589.579

3.Animal or vegetable fats --- --- 10324 ---


allied industries

.987 .636 --- ---

5. Raw hides and skins 3.607 3.408 --- ---


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports from Myanmar to Bangladesh



53

Fig 3.6

3.6.2 Analysis

From the above chart, we see that animal’ fats, chemical products, raw hides, leather, plastics are

not imported in this year 08-09 and also very low percentage imported in previous years. The

vegetable articles, wood of articles are imported so much in the year 08-09 from the year 07-08,

06-07. We see the rate of live animals have increased in 08-09 from 07-08 and which is not

imported in previous year but in this year 08-09 we import his product 1.60%.

3.7 Bangladesh import from Philippines

Philippines is a developed country. It is one of the important countries in ASEAN. Philippine is

agriculture based country. We export a huge amount of products there.





4. Vehicles and associated transport equipment


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000 1.Live animals, animal

products


3.Animal or vegetable

fats

4. Products of the

chemical or allied

industries5. Raw hides and skins



54

6. Machinery and mechanical appliances

7. Base metals and articles base metal


Substitutes

9. Mineral products

10. Pulp of wood or of other products


2003-04 7.69 -

2004-05 10.71 39%

2005-06 14.99 39%

2006-07 21.81 45%

2007-08 3416.43 15564%

2008-09 5487.49 61%

Table 3.7.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Philippines to Bangladesh

Source: Annual Import Payments (2008-09), Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports from Philippines to Bangladesh



55

Fig 3.7.1: Imports from Philippines to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.7 Imported products from Philippines



Products 2005-06 2006-

07

2007-08 2008-09


2. Textiles and textile articles 401.528 177.26

2

223.085 198.268


allied industries

191.659 37.557 23.228 40.103

4. Vehicles and associated

transport equipment

1.704 --- 10.707 3.403

5. Plastics and articles thereof 93.020 158.211

299.758 78.134



56

Fig 3.7

3.7.2 Analysis

The imported vegetable products and textiles, textiles articles were big amount in 05-6 but

decrease 07-08, little increase 07-08 and 08-09. Product of chemicals were longer 05-06 decrease

06-07 and 07-08 and increase 08-09,palastics and article product are increased consecutively the

present years from previous year. Machinery and mechanical appliance are increased the recent

years. Base metals are articles base metal are increased 06-07 and 07-08 but decrease 08-09.

Prepared food stuff beverage is increased recent years.

3.8 Bangladesh import from Singapore

Singapore is one of the Asian tigers. Its economy is really a developed one. It has every reason to

be successful. Bangladesh maintains trade relationship for long time. Bangladesh exports a lot of

products from Singapore.

3.8.1 Major imported goods:






0

50

100

150

200

250

300350

400

450

1. Vegetable

products


articles

3. Products of the

chemical or allied

industries



57

6. Raw hides and skins, leather, fur skins and articles thereof, saddler and harness, travel goods,

handbags and similar containers, articles of animal gut( other than silk-warm gut)


of esparto or other painting materials, basket ware and wickerwork


substitutes

9. Mineral products


vegetable waxes

The amounts of imports in last six years from Singapore are shown below:Years Amount (Taka in Millions) Growth Rate

2003-04 35799.6 -

2004-05 28424.37 -21%

2005-06 21801.26 -23%

2006-07 43118.4 -80%

2007-08 87265.96 102%

2008-09 1211631.5 39%

Table 3.8.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Singapore to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



58

Fig 3.8.1: Imports from Singapore to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.8 Imported products from Singapore



2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009




allied industries

607.981 5933.859 7697.416 8197.476

4. Live animals, animal

products

9501.972 831.949 640.087 235.240

5. Plastics and articles thereof 412.471 3992.719 4978.942 4270.127


0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports from Singapore to Bangladesh



59

Fig 3.8

3.8.2 Analysis

Most of the products percentage are decreased 08-09 from 07-08, but most products percentage

are increased 06-07 from 05-06, but product 2,3,5,8,9,10 increased 07-08 from 06-07. The

amount of imported products such as vegetable, textiles increased 06-07 from 05-06 and 07-08

from 08-09. Live animals, animals products the amount of imported was longer 05-06, but

decrease 06-07 and 07-08 on the other hand increase 08-09 longer enough. Plastics and articles

were increased 05-06 but decrease 06-07 and simultaneously increased 07-08, 08-09. The

products of chemicals, raw hide’s wood and articles prepared foodstuffs, mineral products,

animal and vegetable are consecutively increased.

3.9 Bangladesh import from Thailand

Thailand is another Asian tiger. Its economic condition is really excellent. It exports many

countries of the world. Thailand exports a number of products t Bangladesh. Bangladesh imports

from Thailand for many years.



0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000




allied industries





60





6. Raw hides and skins, leather, fur skins and articles thereof, saddler and harness, travel goods,

handbags and similar containers, articles of animal gut( other than silk-warm gut)



substitutes

9. Mineral products


vegetable wages

The amounts of imports in last six years from Thailand are shown below:


2003-04 1095.38 -

2004-05 16005.06 1361%2005-06 461.55 -97%

2006-07 12039.23 2508%

2007-08 34295.64 235%

2008-09 36010.02 5%

Table 3.9.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Thailand to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



61

Fig 3.9.1: Imports from Thailand to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.9 imported products from Thailand

( value in thousand tk.)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports from Thailand to Bangladesh


2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009

1. Vegetable products 54320

2

631793 187688

0

1744270

2. Textiles and textile articles 55003

9

623024

8

593244

2

5594381

3. Products of the chemical or allied

industries

--- 118663

4

192579

7

2029373

4. Live animals, animal products --- 23925 29630 26421



62

Source-Import receipts: 08-09, 07-08, 06-07, 05-06.By statistics. Dept.of B.B.

Fig 3.9

3.9.2 Analysis

In the year 05-06 we imported vegetables products 2.40%, textiles and textiles articles 2.57%,

plastics and articles then 0.98%, raw hides and skins, prepared foodstuff, mineral product 1.41%

animal or vegetables fats from Thailand. In the year 06-07 our total import from Thailand have

increased. In the year 07-08 our total import from Thailand increased in a huge amount in this

year we import vegetable, textiles, chemicals, live animals, base metal increased. But the

imported products live animals, vegetables products, raw hides and skins, textile, footwear,

articles of stone, vehicles, optical are decreased from 07-08 to 08-09.

3.10 Bangladesh import from Vietnam

Vietnam is one of the fast growing countries. It is now becoming developed and developed in

international trade. Bangladesh also has trade relationship with Vietnam. Bangladesh exports

many products from Vietnam.

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000



3. Products of the chemical orallied industries



rubber and articles thereof



21009

1

482812

8

720184

0

6564044



63







6. Pulp of wood or of other products



substitutes

9. Mineral products

10. Machinery and mechanical appliances


2003-04 244.88 -

2004-05 784.86 221%2005-06 924.00 18%

2006-07 440.84 -52%

2007-08 810.65 84%

2008-09 1738.55 114%

Table 3.10.1: The amounts of imports in last six years from Vietnam to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank



64

Fig 3.10.1: Imports from Vietnam to Bangladesh


Bangladesh Bank

Table 3.10 Imported products from Vietnam



0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Imports fromVietnam to Bangladesh

Products 2005-06

2006-07

2007-08 2008-09




allied industries

11.071 22.962 77.684 400.004

4. Live animals, animal

products

1.560 1.530 5.491 4.465



46.021 42.189 52.180 61.104



65

Fig 3.10

3.10.2 Analysis

In the year 05-06 we imported vegetables products 68.64%, textiles and textiles articles 17.99% ,

products of the chemicals 1.16%, live animals0.16%, plastics and articles thereof 4.81%, pulp of

wood0.16% prepared foodstuffs 1% and mineral products 0.09% from Vietnam out of total

import. In the year 06-07 our total import increased. vegetables reduced 8.32% textiles increased

27.10%, products of chemicals increased 2.36%, live animals same plastics produced 4.33% pulp

of wood increased 0.18%prepared decreased 0.94% minerals reduced 0.08% but two new

produces such as base metals 1.72% import from Vietnam in 06-07. But live animals, vegetables

products, raw hides and skins, wood, pulp of wood, base metals, vehicles, miscellaneous are

decreased from 07-08 to 08-09.

Table 3.11 Total import from ASEAN countries


Country Name 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06

Brunei 29.285 97.317 26.977 23.664

0

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200

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500

600

700




allied industries






66

Cambodia 70.802 6.974 5.339 2.807

Indonesia 34974.045 30395.224 24446.801 19075.147

Laos 60738 150490 81122 47212

Malaysia 47760878 30926698 23071749 22271069

Burma 4585536 7944504 1413369 1983554

Philippines 5487492 3416435 2180511 1499224

Singapore 121631493 87265959 71234258 56906089

Thailand 36444702 34295640 28623377 21399374

Vietnam 1738555 801655 973598 956597


Figure 3.11 of total import from ASEAN countries

0

20000000

40000000

60000000

80000000

100000000

120000000

140000000

2008-2009

2007-2008

2006-2007

2005-2006



67

Table 3.12 Total import ASEAN

Year 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007 2005-2006

ASEAN Total (corer) 25473.6 19556.8 15225.4 12461.1

Figure 3.12 of total import of ASEASN

CHAPTER 4

4.1 Balance of Trade:

The difference between the monetary value of exports and imports is called balance of trade.

When the monetary value of export exceeds the monetary value of import, a positive balance of

trade is determined. On the other hand, there will be a negative balance of trade.

The balances of trade of ASEAN countries for the last three years are shown below.

0

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30000

ASEAN Total (crore)

ASEAN Total (crore)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export



68

SL

no

Country Balance of Trade

2008-09

Balance of Trade

2007-08

Balance of Trade

2006-07

1. Brunei -9.38 -67.14 1827.62

2. Cambodia -24.51 43.78 39.35

3. Laos -41.16 -134.65 1035.19

4. Indonesia -33622.87 -28992.98 -14494.55

5. Malaysia -47643.06 -445.83 -17004.97

6. Myanmar -4460.16 -7852.2 -1187.15

7. Philippines -460945.6 -3167.36 -987.32

8. Singapore -1207722.42 -84116.83 -38598.14

9. Thailand -34012.97 -33823.87 -1075920.93

10. Vietnam -1671.83 -765.05 1869.84

Table 4.1 Balance of Trade for last three years

Source: Annual Export Receipts 2008-09, Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank and Annual

Import Payments 2008-09, Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank

Fig 4.1: Balance of Trade

-1400000

-1200000

-1000000

-800000

-600000

-400000

-200000

0

200000

Balance of Trade 2008-09





69

Source: Annual Export Receipts (2008-09), Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank, Annual

Import Payments (2008-09), Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank

4.2 Analysis

Negative balance of trade is a very frequent phenomenon to Bangladesh economy. If we examine

the above mentioned graphs, we can see that in 2006-07 our balance of trade with ASEANcountries was comparatively less negative. Negative balance of trade is decreasing with

Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. It is a very positive sign for Bangladesh. But the huge

negative balance of trade with Singapore is gradually increasing.

So, Bangladesh has no alternative to increase export on a high scale to Singapore and other

ASEAN countries.

Chapter 5

Conclusion:

“ASEAN” is an emerging economical power in this region as well as world. Trade between the

countries of ASEAN and Bangladesh increasing day by day without East Timor. Bangladesh has

a big potential for exporting new and exciting goods in ASEAN countries. Bangladesh imports

many items from ASEAN countries. So Bangladesh is a good market for them and they are alsogood market for Bangladesh. But this is amateur of great regent that, Bangladesh has no relation

with ASEAN and no entrance in ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).If Bangladesh can be gotten

regional and economical such as tariff, quota facilities which will help us to develop our

economy. SEAN is a south Asian organization. Bangladesh is also a south Asian country. So the

entrance to ASEAN for Bangladesh may be well and better than worse.



70

Part-B

Competitive position of Bangladesh in comparison of

ASEAN countries

1.1 Brunei

Top exported products in Brunei with growth rate are given below:

Table 1.1 Top exported products in Brunei with growth rate (Million tk.)

Product Country 2007-08 2008-09 Growth

Textile India 72.46 53.46 -23%

China 53.37 38.31 -28%

England 37.41 25.51 -72%Bangladesh 18.366 13.40 26%

Raw hides China 310.35 430.13 26.53%

Pakistan 230.25 270.23 14%

UAE 156.51 215.15 10%

Bangladesh 78.86 97.37 25%

Chemical product Germany 180.25 140.33 11%

UK 110.13 131.41 10%

Russia 90.05 123.55 24%

Bangladesh 7.5

Source: Annual Export Receipts (2008-09) and (2006-07), Bangladesh Bank

Graph 1.1

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Textile Raw hides Chemical product

2007-08

2008-09

Growth



71

1.2 Analysis

In textiles sector, we can see that, India, Chin, UK and Bangladesh export 72.46 million tk. 53.37

million, 37.41 million, and 18.366 million tk. conjunctively in 2007-08. In 2008-09, Indiaincreases in export to 53.46 million taka, China 38.31 million tk. UK 25.51 million tk. But only

Bangladesh decrease to13.40million tk.

In raw hides, we can see that China, Pakistan, UAE has a positive growth rate of 26.53%, 14%,

19% conductively. But the growth rate of Bangladesh is negative -25%.

In chemical products, in Germany decrease its growth rate at -11%, UK increases to 10%, Russia

increases to 24%. Bangladesh export this product 1st time

1.3 What are our absolute advantages?

1. Bangladesh has two seaports. One is Chittagong port and another is Mongla port. Bangladesh can

easily export product through these port. Here Bangladesh has absolute advantage from those

countries that have no port.

2. We have low labor cost. Because of Bangladesh is densely populated and poor country. Because

of poverty, people engage them in work in a low wages which creates low production cost in

comparison of competitive country.

3. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. So the raw materials of product can be found easily and in

a very cheap rate.

4. We are renown in textiles. So Brunei imports textiles from us for our renown.

5. We are Muslim country. Most of the time, we eat cow, goat meat. So raw hides and animal skin

are available here.

1.4 What are our comparative advantages?

1. Bangladesh is very far from Brunei. But our competitor countries are much more near from

Brunei. So their transport cost is low than us.

2. High and modern technology is very available in our competitive country. We are not highly

introduced with modern technology.

3. Other countries have seaport do their best use.



72

4. Government stability is also a good reason for more exporting of our competitor.

5. In spite of high labor cost, their labor is more skill and productive than us.

1.5 Why we are in back position?

1. Bangladesh has two seaports. But we are not using it properly. By this chance, India gets

permission to use our ports. On the other hand our competitor is doing the best use of their port.

2. We have available and low labor cost. But they are not so skillful. So the quality of product is not

so well as comparison of our competition.

3. Cultural limitation is also a problem for us. As for example; we cannot do any business of wine.

4. Government instability and electricity problem are a major problem to stay in a back position.

5. We are very far from Brunei. So our competitor gets extra benefit.

2.1 Malaysia:




Textile India 167.52 1856.32 19%

UK 1280.38 1390.57 23%

China 1050.13 1126.31 27%

Bangladesh 814.52 752.517 -17%

Mineral product Australia 672.61 726.45 11.09%

Canada 450.17 530.67 17%

China 360.11 410.18 21%

Bangladesh 178.155 160.834 -4%

Vegetable

product

India 150.28 210.57 22.8%

Myanmar 110.68 130.29 21%

Taiwan 70.27 85.23 20%

Bangladesh 39.473 61.32 20%




73

Graph 1.2

2.2 Analysis

In textile side, we observe that, India export in 2007-08 is 1672.52 million tk. in 2008-09 is1856.32

million tk. And the growth rate is 19%. We also observe that England export in2007-08 is 1280.38

million tk. And it increase in 2008-09 is 1390.53 and growth rate is 23%. In 2007-08 china export to

Brunei is 1050.13million tk. And in 2008-09 it increases to 1137.27 million tk. Which growth rate are 27

present. Last we observe that Bangladesh exported in 2007-08 is 814.32 million tk. which is low from in

2008-09 export that is 752.61 million and the growth rate is negative which is -17%.

We find in mineral product, tae Australia, Canada, china also Bangladesh exported that product is 672.61,

450.17, 360.11, 178.155 in 2007 -08 and in 2008-09 is 726.45, 530.67, 410.18, 160.834 million tk. And

the growth rate is 11.09%, 17%, 21% and -4%. In vegetable product sector, India, Myanmar, Taiwan and

Bangladesh exported growth rate is 22.8%, 21%, 20% and 20%.


1. The main advantage of Bangladesh has 1 internationally renowned seaport called Chittagong

seaport and Mongla sea port. Bangladesh is getting much extra facilities by this port but our

competitor countries get these facilities less.

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Textile Mineral product Vegetable

product

2007-08

2008-07

Growth



74

2. As Bangladesh are facing poverty and we densely populated so that Bangladesh find labor at low

cost as well as low production cost against the competitive countries.

3. Bangladesh is agricultural based country. We get this type of material in cheap rate.

4. We are reputed in textiles. So Brunei imports textiles from us for our reputation.

5. Raw hides and animal skins are available here because we are Muslims and most people eat cow,

goat meat.

2.4 What are the comparative advantages?

1. The distance of Bangladesh from Malaysia is very far as our competitors countries are near from

Malaysia. So they get much facility such as their transport cost low than us.

2.

Our competitor countries are much strong modern technology. But Bangladesh is backwardhighly modern technology.

3. The utilization of seaport is very high in competitive countries rather than our country.

4. Government constancy is also a positive reason for more exporting of our competitor.

5. Our competitive countries get most skillful labor and production system, in spite of having more

labor cost rather than us.


1. Though Bangladesh has two internationally seaports but these cannot be used appropriatelyimmediately India get permission to use our port on the other hand our competitive country use

their port best way.

2. Though we have cheap labor but most are not skillful and standard product is not as well as

comparison of our competitor.

3. Bangladesh is faced serious cultural limitation for performing any business but our competitor

can easily continue their business without facing any cultural limitation.

4. Bangladesh is backward because of facing political instability and serious energy problem.

5. Bangladesh is lacked behind for distance from Brunei.

3.1 Indonesia:




75



Textiles Mexico 2260.28 2370.31 13%

Germany 1838.17 1917.35 9%

China 1056.57 958.25 -11%

Bangladesh 1044.75 953.38 -9%Chemical UK 165.63 179.27 8%

Russia 125.18 160.38 32%

India 50.33 65.36 -26%

Bangladesh 40.82 91.478 110%

Raw hides UAE 452.17 490.53 18%

Pakistan 340.28 360.61 13%

China 210.31 250.29 19%

Bangladesh 240.837 64.28 -72%


Graph 1.3

3.2 Analysis

In case of Textiles our competitor countries Mexico, Germany, China. Their export in 2007-08 is

2260.28, 1830.25, 1056.25, and 1044.98 consecutively also include Bangladesh. Their export in

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U A E

P a k i s t a n

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Textiles Chemical Raw hides

2007-08

2008-09

Growth



76

2008-09 is 2337.25, 1947.25, 958.14, and 953.81 consecutively also include Bangladesh. Growth

rate of Mexico, Germany, and China are 13%, 9%, 11%, But Bangladesh has – 9%.

In case of Chemical products UK, Russia, India and Bangladesh gain their growth rate 8%,

32%, -26%, 110%. So our growth rate is optimistic

In case of Raw hides UAE, Pakistan, Chinas our competitors. Their growth rate in 2008-09 is

10%, 18%, 13%, 19% but Bangladesh exports their products 1st

in 2008-09


1. We know it very well that Bangladesh has over populated country. So it’s very easy to find or get

low cost labor from here. There are also a great in Bangladesh that is poverty. A big part of our

country goes under poverty. For this reason we can get them at a cheap rate.

2. Another great advantage of Bangladesh is the sea port which is Chittagong and Mongla sea port.

Bangladesh easily transport or import products from the help of those port.

3. It is known to all that Bangladesh is an agricultural country. For this we can get raw materials of

various products and at cheap rate. Also we know that we are very aggressive in textile articles

and because of a Muslim country, we get huge raw hides and animal skin which we easily export

to another country.


1. There are some basic reasons by which our competitor countries get many facilities from ours.

And that is:

2. The distance between Indonesia and Bangladesh is too large but our competitor countries can

easily transport to Indonesia because of near to Indonesia. And also transport cost is low from us.

3. Technologically our competitor countries are very much developed. For this reason they

produced much than us and also they export huge amount product than us.

4. In other competitor countries, their government stability is better which help to export huge.

5. The competitor countries labor is very skillful in their workplace. Which is very productive than

us.



77

3.5Why we are in back position?

1. In spite of two sea port in Bangladesh, we are no using it well. It’s a good luck that we have the

sea port. But we can’t get better benefit from it. Recently India gets the chance to use our seaport.

Our competitor countries are very developed in their seaport.

2. In Bangladesh, there is a great problem is electricity and government stability, also with gas and

water. For this great problem we are very much back from other competitor countries.

3. Cultural limitation is a fact for us to export product. There is a difference between our and other

exportable countries. For this reason we can’t produce or business that product which is not

permitted in our culture.

4. Our labor cost is very low but the problem is that they are not very much skillful. For this, they

can’t produce quality product and when they go abroad they are not equal to other labor of

another country which is a big problem of us.

4.1 SINGAPORE




Textiles China 1067.53 1153.23 12%

UK 985.39 1025.45 10%

France 835.21 965.53 31%

Bangladesh 775.95 924.68 12%

Iron Japan 420.19 730 67%

China 365.63 514 56%

Brazil 240.35 354 69%

Bangladesh 110.52 190.88 30%

Live animal South Africa 238.73 432.11 55%

Egypt 233.26 343.59 47%

Russia 171.34 239.43 24%

Bangladesh 59.07 82.73 21%




78

Graph 1.4

4.2 Analysis

Increase of textiles, china exports 1067.53 in 2007-08 and increasing 1153.23 in 2008-09. But

the observation of England, France and Bangladesh importing an amount are simultaneouslyincrease 2007-08 and growth rate consecutively 12%, 10%, 3%.

Increase of iron, Japan export 730 in 2008-09 and 420.19 in 2007-08. China, Brazil, and

Bangladesh export 2008-09 514,354,390 and growth rate 67%,56%,69%. But 2007-08the

amount of export 420,365,240,110 consecutively.

In case of live animals South Africa, Egypt, Russia and Bangladesh export 432.34, 239.25,

171.59 in 2007-08 and growth rate 555, 47%, 24% and 21%.


1. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. For this advantage, we can get raw materials of

various products. We also get these products in a very cheap rate. We know that, we are

affluent in textiles and its associate articles. So we also export this product comfortably.

0

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Textiles Iron Live animal

2007-08

2008-09

Growth



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2. Most of our people are Muslim. So our main foods are rice, vegetables, meat, beef, and

fish. As a result, raw hides and animal skins are available here.

3. Bangladesh is an over populated country. Besides, our people are live below poverty line.

So it is very easy to get low cost labor here. As a result, our production costs are less than

other competitive country and we produce more products in a low cost. So we also more

export than other competitive country.

4. We have renown in jute and textiles products in the world-wide. So we export our

products to Singapore better than other competitive countries.

5. Bangladesh has two sea-ports. One is Chittagong sea-port and another is Mongla sea-

port. So we transport our products very easily. For this advantage we can export our

products more rapidly. Here Bangladesh has an absolute advantage from those countries

that have no port.


1. Our competitive countries are very much developed in technological sector. For this

reason they produce more than us. So they also export huge amount of products than us.

2. Government stability is also an important factor for increasing export. Government

stability of our competitive countries is very much stable than us. So they export products

comfortably.

3. Bangladesh is very far from Singapore. But our competitive countries like Malaysia,

Indonesia etc. are very much near from Singapore. So their transfer costs are lower than

us.

4. Though our labor cost is very low but they are inexperienced. But our competitive

countries labor is very much experienced. They produce better products than us. So in

spite of their higher cost, they export more products than us.


1. There is a great problem in electricity, gas, and water as well as government instability in

Bangladesh. For this reason we cannot produce more products than our competitive

countries. So we are in back position.2. Cultural and religion obligation is also a problem for us. As for example, we cannot

produce wine.

3. Bangladesh has two sea-port but we cannot use it properly. By this chance India gets

permission to use our sea-port. Besides, our competitive countries are doing the best use

of their sea-port.



80

4. Our labors are inexperienced. So they cannot produce standard products. As a result,

Singapore cannot import our products hugely.

5. We are very far from Singapore. But our competitive countries are near to Singapore. So

they want to import products from those countries.

5.1 THAILAND



product Country 2007-08 2008-09 Growth

Textiles China 390.72 425.35 23%

France 275.28 340.41 28%

Mexico 215.21 255.37 24%

Bangladesh 192.135 258.162 -23%

Metal product Japan 350.29 370.12 11%

China 270.47 235.52 -14%

UK 140.22 185.31 27%

Bangladesh 109.61 139.04 24%

Chemical product UK 117.57 150.20 22%

India 90.15 110.57 28%

Russia 55.66 60.28 07%

Bangladesh 25.361 39.62 67%


Graph 1.5



81

5.2 Analysis:

In textile, china, France, Mexico, BD exports 390.72, 275.28, 215.21, 192.13 million tk. consecutively in

2007-08. But in 2008-09, this country’s export is 425.35, 340.41, 255.37, 258.162 million tk.

consecutively. From this, we can see that growth rate of China 23%, France 28%, Mexico 24%, but

Bangladesh’s growth rate is negative(-23%).

In metal products Japan, china, UK, BD exports in 2007-08.350, 270, 17, 140.22, and 09.61

consecutively. But this country’s exports are 370.12, 235.52, 185.31, and 139.04 in 2008-09. But the

growth rate of these countries 11%,-12%, 21% but BD increases their growth rate 24%.

In chemical product, growth rate of UK, India, Russia’s growth rate is 22%, 28%, 07% BD’s growth rate

is 67%..

5.3 What are our Absolute advantages?

1. In spite of having two renown internationally seaport. Bangladesh is getting much extra

facilities than our competitor.

2. Because of poverty and densely populated country Bangladesh find labor at a low cost as

well as low production against our competitor countries.

3. Bangladesh finds all materials in cheap rates because of agricultural based country.

-50

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Textiles Metal product Chemical product

2007-08

2008-09

Growth



82

4. We are famous in textiles so Thailand imports textiles from us for our reputation.

5. Actually we are Muslims and most people eat cow, goat, meat so raw hides and animal’s

skins are available here less competitor.

5.4 What are our Comparative advantages?

1. The distance of Bangladesh from Thailand is very far. As our competitors countries are

near from Thailand, so they get much facility such as their transport cost low than us.

2. Bangladesh faces less modern technology than our competitors much strong modern

technology.

3. Competitor countries use seaport properly rather than our country.

4. Government constancy is also a positive reason for more exporting of our competitor.

5. Competitors labors or workers much skillful and competent strong production system,

inspire of having more labor cost rather than us.


1. In spite of having two internationally seaport but these con not be used properly.

Immediately

2. India gets permission to use seaport. But competitive countries use their port best way.

3. Unskilled labor force and standard product is not as well as comparison our competitor.

4. Facing much cultural limitation rather than our competitors.

5. Turbulent politics, politically instability and serious energy problems faces

6. Bangladesh is faced lag behind for distance from Thailand.

6.1 Conclusion:

Export has a very significant role to play in accelerating the economic growth of any country.

But by interpreting the above mentioned information and discussion, we can say that the

export situation for Bangladesh in ASEAN countries is not satisfactory. Most of the times we

see that the competitive position of Bangladesh in export to ASEAN countries is very low.



The most important problem for Bangladesh is; it cannot supply the major import items for

the ASEAN countries in most of the cases. It supplies only the non-major import items which

are not enough to compete with the all economic giant competitors like USA, China,

Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, France, Germany, and Japan who are the major suppliers for

the ASEAN countries. To overcome this problem, Bangladesh needs to be very smart in

producing and exporting the products which are mainly demanded by the importers. It needs

to utilize its resources with proper plan and effectiveness. It needs to reduce the system loss.

And most importantly, Government has to be very strict, smart, and tricky while maintain

international trade relationships.

7.1 References:

1) Annual Export Receipts (2008-09) and (2006-07), Bangladesh Bank

2) Assignment, Prime Group, 1st batch

3) en.wikipedia.org (accessed on 10th

April, 20010 )

4) www.indexmundi.com(Accessed on 9th

April, 2010)

5) www.state.gov (accessed on 9th

April, 2010 )

http://www.state.gov/



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