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Transcript of 1Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco AVVID Architecture for Voice, Video, and...
1Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco AVVIDCisco AVVIDArchitecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data
‘Emerging Voice Technologies’
Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data
‘Emerging Voice Technologies’
2Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Peter [email protected] [email protected]
Senior Consulting Engineer
Cisco Enterprise Line Of Business Technical Consultancy
Senior Consulting Engineer
Cisco Enterprise Line Of Business Technical Consultancy
2Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 3 of 42
AgendaAgenda
• The Basics
• What is VoIP
• So how does it all work
• QoS Requirements
• Interface Solutions
• Summary & Conclusions
4Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
The Basics
How do we do Voice today ?
The Basics
How do we do Voice today ?
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 5 of 42
Telephony and Data Architecture Fundamentals Comparison
Telephony and Data Architecture Fundamentals Comparison
LEC
Corporate Voice Network with PBXs (Private Branch Exchange)
CorporateLocation
CorporateLocation
IXCPBX
PBX
Class 5
Class 5
Class 5
Intranet
Corporate Data Network with Switches and Routers
Corporate Location
CorporateLocation
InternetSwitch
Switch
Router
Router
Router
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 6 of 42
Voice and Data Switching ComparisonVoice and Data Switching Comparison
Class 5 SwitchI.e. Our local exchange
• Handset aggregator
• All telephones get a single analog/digital line (DS0)
• All devices have a phonenumber defined on the switch
• All devices can simultaneously make a call (calls < trunk DS0s)
• Path selection based on staticleast cost routing or ARS
Multilayer Switch
RouterRouter
• Computer aggregator
• All devices get dedicated bandwidth 10/100/1000 Mbps (autonegotiation)
• All devices have an IP address defined on the host
• All devices run at full line rate (bandwidth < uplink)
• Path selection based on dynamic routing protocol lowest cost
SwitchSwitch
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 7 of 42
DS0
OC3/12
DS1
DS0
DS1
OC3/12
CustomerPremise
LocalCO Interexchange Local CO
DS3DS3DS3
DS1DS1
OC48 OC48
DS3 DS3DS3
DS1DS1
OC48
3/1 DACS
SONETADM
SONETADM
3/1 DACS
DS0DS0 DS0Class 5Switch
Class 4Switch
Class 4Switch
Class 5Switch
CustomerPremise
Today’s Carrier Voice InfrastructureToday’s Carrier Voice Infrastructure
DS0
Need to make this simpler, flexible, and cheaper.
CustomerPremise
CustomerPremise
LocalCO
Interexchange LocalCO
OC-48c
OC-48c
Ethernet WDM
OC-48c
EthernetDS1
DS1
OC-48c
~~~~~~~~~~~~
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 9 of 42
Based Upon H.323Based Upon H.323
H.320Terminal
H.323MCU
H.324Terminal
V.70Terminal
H.323Gatekeeper
SpeechTerminal
H.323Terminal
SpeechTerminal
H.323Gateway
PSTN ISDN
H.323Terminal
H.323Terminal
WANRSVP Scope of
H.323
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 10 of 42
The Standards Based Voice ApproachThe Standards Based Voice Approach
IP Gateway(to PSTN)
IP Phone (Client)Gatekeeper
Packet LAN
MCU
Interoperability?YES! ITU H.323
• H.323 Devices
–Gatekeeper (admission & control) & Gateway (IP to TDM)
–MCU (conference mgr. & bridge)
–Client (phone, PC, etc.)
• H.323 Signalling & Control
–H.225 - Signalling & Packetization
–H.245 - Media Control
–H.235 - Security
–H.450 - Supplementary Services
–T.120 - Data
• H.323 Media Formats
–G.711 (64Kbps), G.723.1 (6.4Kbps & 5.3Kbps), G.729 (8Kbps), H.261, H.263 (video)
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 11 of 42
H.323 ProtocolsH.323 Protocols
• H.225 for Connection and Status–Q.931 ‘derived’ messages
–Registration, authentication and Status (RAS) for endpoint-GK signaling (port 1719)
• H.245 for Capabilities/Media Control
• Media Transport–RTP/RTCP - standard payloads
• H.235 for security in v2
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 12 of 42
IP Layered Model H.323 VoIP Model
IP Address
Email IDE.164 Phone No.
Audio Codec(G.711, G.729, G.723.1,..)
H.225, H.245, RTP, RTCP
Frame Relay DLCI,802.3 MAC, ATM VPI/VCI
V.35, T1, T3
UDPPort Number
CallerCaller
Application
Presentation
Data Link
Physical
UserUser
TCP UDP
IP
Session
H.323 VoIP LayersH.323 VoIP Layers
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 13 of 42
Enterprise Gateway
LANPhone
VoIP Client
PSTN
PBX
LegacyPhoneUsers
Router
VoiceMail
OtherLocations
Virtual PBXApplication
H323 DefinitionsH323 Definitions
• Gateway : - device that bridges the gap between IP Telephony and the legacy phones.
• Gatekeeper : - device that provides address translation, admission control, & zone management.
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 14 of 42
Internet Real-time Network
TelephoneNetwork
GatekeeperCisco Multimedia Manager
Client H.323Client H.323
RouterProxy
GatekeeperCisco MCM
GatewayAS5x00
H.320(Over ISDN)
H.324(Over POTs)
Speech Only(Telephone)
Client H.323
Corp LAN
H.323 component: GateKeeperH.323 component: GateKeeper
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 15 of 42
GatekeeperGatekeeper
• Policy Component for H.323 terminals, proxies, and gateways–RAS function, control in the network
• Address translation and/or redirection–For when networks scale
• Call admission/authorisation–Call Admission Control, very important
• Basic bandwidth management–Ensure voice quality
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 16 of 42
GatekeeperGatekeeper GatekeeperGatekeeperInter-Gatekeeper
Communication
Gatekeeper ZonesGatekeeper Zones
• Only one GK to a zone
• Includes all H.323 entities
• Can follow DNS domain hierarchy
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 17 of 42
• Mandatory Services:–Address Translation, Admissions Control, Bandwidth Control, & Zone Management
• Optional Services–Call Control Signalling
–Call Authorization
–Bandwidth Management
–Call Management
–Gatekeeper management information data structure
–Bandwidth reservation for terminals not capable of this function
–Directory services
The Services it has to provideThe Services it has to provide
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 18 of 42
Internet Real-time Network
TelephoneNetwork
GatekeeperCisco Multimedia Manager
Client H.323Client H.323
RouterProxy
GatekeeperCisco MCM
GatewayAS5x00
H.320(Over ISDN)
H.324(Over POTs)
Speech Only(Telephone)
Client H.323
Corp LAN
H.323 component: GatewayH.323 component: Gateway
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 19 of 42
GatewaysGateways
• Required for interoperability between video/audio standards (H.323, H.320, H.324, POTS)
• Conversion of protocols between standards
• Packet-synchronous network conversion–Ethernet one end, circuit switched E1 the other
• Audio/video format conversion where necessary
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 21 of 42
How does it work ?How does it work ?
Media (UDP)Cisco Implementation Note:UDP ports 16384 through 16384 + (4 x the number of channels on the device)
RTP Stream
RTCP Stream
H.323Gateway
H.245 (TCP)Open Logical Channel
H.225 (TCP)(Q.931)
Setup
Connect
Open Logical Channel Acknowledge
Capabilities Exchange
RTP Stream
H.323Gateway
VV
Assumes Endpoints (Clients) Know Each Others IP Addresses
Signaling Plane
BearerPlane
VV
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 22 of 42
Dial-Peer Configuration(Static Routing)
Dial-Peer Configuration(Static Routing)
r1#dial-peer voice 1234 pots destination-pattern 1234 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 4000 voip destination-pattern 4... session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
dial-peer voice 4000 vofr destination-pattern 4... session target serial0 122
dial-peer voice 4000 voatm destination-pattern 4... session target serial0 1
r2#dial-peer voice 4321 pots destination-pattern 4321 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
dial-peer voice 1000 vofr destination-pattern 1... session target serial0 221
dial-peer voice 1000 voatm destination-pattern 1... session target serial0 1
InterfaceDLCI
InterfaceDLCI
ATMVCDATMVCD
LocalPort
LocalPort
IPAddress
IPAddress
VoIPVoIP
VoFRVoFR
VoATMVoATM
LocalLocal
X4321X1234 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2R1R1 R2R2
QoSIP/FR/ATM
WAN
FXS s0 s0 FXS
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 23 of 42
DestinationPattern
VoIP Full Mesh Dial-PeersVoIP Full Mesh Dial-Peers
QoSIP
WAN
X1001 X2001
X3002
R1R1 R2R2
R3R3FXS
X3001
FXS
dial-peer voice 3001 pots destination-pattern 3001 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 3001 pots destination-pattern 3002 port 1/0/1
Site specific dial-peersSite specific dial-peers
dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1… session target ipv4:192.168.1.1!dial-peer voice 2000 voip destination-pattern 2… session target ipv4:192.168.2.1!dial-peer voice 3000 voip destination-pattern 3… session target ipv4:192.168.3.1
Common dial-peersCommon dial-peers
192.168.1.1192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1192.168.2.1
FXSFXS
2… 1…
3… 3…
2…1…
192.168.3.1192.168.3.1
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 24 of 42
IP QoSWAN
RAS—Registration Admission and StatusUDP Transport Port 1719
RRQ—Registration RequestRRJ—Registration Reject
RCF—Registration Confirm
Gatekeeper
RRQRCF RRQ
RCF
H.323 Gateway Learns ofGatekeeper via Static
Configuration
Hello: I am registering myName or E.164 address
(Gateway A)
Hello: I am registering my Name or E.164 address
(Gateway B)
Gateway A Gateway B
H.323 Gatekeeper Call Control/SignalingGatekeeper Registration
H.323 Gatekeeper Call Control/SignalingGatekeeper Registration
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 25 of 42
IP QoSWAN
Gatekeeper A (Zone A)
ARQACF
H.323 Call Setup
ACF (Admission Confirm):Yes you can, here’s its IP
Address X.X.X.X
2.
3
H.323 GatekeeperDial-peer Scaleability
H.323 GatekeeperDial-peer Scaleability
ARQ (Admission Request):I have a call for
Gateway B
1.
Gateway AGateway A Gateway BGateway B
26Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
QoS RequirementsQoS Requirements
26F0_4339_c1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 27 of 42
Need To Handle Traffic CorrectlyNeed To Handle Traffic Correctly
IP, Frame Relay, or ATM
SNA
PBXVoxVoxProcessProcess
IOSIOS
CESCES
Streams
Frames
Streams
LANMultiservice:•LD Voice•Internet•LAN interconnect•SNA
QoS
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 28 of 42
Entertainment and InformationEverything Is
“Just” a PacketD/V/VD/V/VPacketPacket
IPIP
Video/TVCircuit
Voice/PhoneCircuit
DataPacket
Telecom and Datacom(Enterprise WAN, Networked PBX
Service Providers of All Types)
ConvergenceConvergence
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 29 of 42
IP Header (20) UDP (8) RTP (12)
PAYLOAD : 20Header is 40 bytes
13 - 26 kbit/s of bandwidth per call
Compressing RTP Header gives 4-5 PAYLOAD : 20
6-11 kbps of bandwidth per call !
Bandwidth Per IP CallBandwidth Per IP Call
• 20ms @ 8kbit/s yields 20 byte payload of compressed voice and 40 byte header
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 30 of 42
RTP HeaderCompression
Version IHL Type of Service Total Length
Identification Flags Fragment Offset
Header ChecksumProtocolTime to Live
Source Address
Destination Address
PaddingOptions
Source Port Destination Port
ChecksumLength
PTPTMMCCCCXXPPV=2V=2 Sequence NumberSequence Number
TimestampTimestamp
Synchronization Source (SSRC) IdentifierSynchronization Source (SSRC) Identifier
VoIP Bandwidth SolutionVoIP Bandwidth Solution
• 20 ms @ 8 kbps yields20-byte payload
• IP header 20;UDP header 8;RTP header 12
–2X payload!
• Header compression–40 bytes to 2 or 4 bytes
• Hop-by-Hop on slow links <512 kbps
• CRTP–Compressed Real-time Protocol
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 31 of 42
ChallengeChallenge Cisco SolutionsCisco Solutions
Packet ResidencySlow Link Freeze-out by
Large Packets
InterleavingFRF.12, MLPPP, IP MTU Size Reduction,
Faster Link
Bandwidth ConsumptionHeader Size on Low
Bandwidth Links
CompressionCodecs, RTP Header Compression, Voice
Activity Detection
WANOversubscription, Bursting
Traffic ManagementRouter Traffic Shaping to CIR, High Priority
PVC, Data Discard Eligibility
CongestionDelay and Delay Jitter
Intelligent QueuingWFQ, IP Precedence, RSVP,
Priority Queuing
VoIP Low Speed Link (<768 Kbps) Challenges and Solutions
VoIP Low Speed Link (<768 Kbps) Challenges and Solutions
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 32 of 42
Avoiding Loss, Delay, and Delay Variation (Jitter)
WAN
Router
MultilayerCampus
MultilayerCampus
Router
CallManagerCallManager
CampusNot as Critical
“Initially”Must Be Switched
WAN Edge“A Must”
QoS Starts in the WAN
WAN Backbone“A Must”
Often Overlookedor Misunderstood
Domains of QoS Consideration Strong as Your Weakest Link
Domains of QoS Consideration Strong as Your Weakest Link
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 33 of 42
Policy NetworkingPolicy Networking
Telecommuters
MobileUsers
Branch Offices
Enterprise Policy
QoSSecurity
Campus
Partners
• Define policies for applications and users
• Distribute policy bindings–QoS Policy Servers, Security
–Network enforcement nodes
• Enable integrated control over network resources
34Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Interface SolutionsInterface Solutions
34F0_4339_c1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 35 of 42
Router Voice InterfacesRouter Voice Interfaces
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitchSwitchSwitch
FXO FXSE&M E&M
E1/PRI E1/PRIFXO FXS
• FXO—Foreign Exchange Office
• FXS—Foreign Exchange Station
• E&M—Ear and Mouth
• PRI—Primary Rate Interface
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 36 of 42
Basic Trunk/Route ReplacementBasic Trunk/Route Replacement
Branch Office
PSTN
Central Site
QoSWAN
(Intranet/Internet)
TelcoTelcoSwitchSwitch
Cisco3600/2600
AS5300
PSTN PSTN PSTN
New Orleans Vancouver San Jose
Call Comes In Bypass PSTN
AS5300 AS5300 AS5300
PBXPBX PBXPBX
E&M
E1/PRI
PRI PRI PRI
PRIPRI
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 37 of 42
PBXPBX
555-1001
555-1002
555-1003
555-1999
QoS IPWAN
PSTN PSTN
556-1001
556-1002
556-1003
556-1004
Key System
556-1005
556-1006
556-1007
556-1008
R1R1 R2R2
10.1.1.1
r2#dial-peer voice 5561001 pots destination-pattern 5561001 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 5551000 voip destination-pattern 5551... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1!dial-peer voice 91 pots destination-pattern 9 port 3/0/0
FXOFXO
FXSFXSE&M
E1/PRI
Router-Based Key SystemRouter-Based Key System
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 38 of 42
Off Premise Extension (OPX)Off Premise Extension (OPX)
X1001
X1002
X1003
X1004
X1005
X1006
X1007
X1008
QoSIP/FR/ATM
WAN
PSTNr2#dial-peer voice 2100 pots destination-pattern 2100 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1!voice-port 1/0/0 connection trunk 1100
r1#dial-peer voice 1100 pots destination-pattern 1100 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 2000 voip destination-pattern 2... session target ipv4:10.1.1.2!voice-port 1/0/0 connection trunk 2100
R1 R2
10.1.1.210.1.1.1
OPX
FXOFXO FXSFXS
T1/PRI
PBXPBX
VoiceMail
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 39 of 42
Catalyst Switch
Voice-Enabled Router
Cisco IP Phones
Branch Office
Catalyst Switch
Cisco IP Phones
Voice-Enabled Router
Analog/Digital Gateway
Router-based Gateways:3600 (Analog/Digital)MC3810 (Analog/Digital)AS5800 (Digital)1750/2600/3600 (Analog)5300 (Digital)7x00 (Digital)
Legacy PBX
Legacy VoiceMail
Cisco CallManager Call Processing, Signaling, ControlMedia Gateway Controller (MGC)Most Commonly Used Telephony Features Voice Mail Integration Call Center Integration Remote SupportabilityOpen API support (TAPI and JTAPI)Web based Administration
Cisco MCS- 7830Fully Redundant, Highly AvailableCall Processing Platform
Cisco IP Phones - 12 Button 12SP+ - 30 Button 30VIP Character based displaySingle Button Collaboration
Stand Alone Gateways:DT-24+/DE-30+ (Digital)
Cisco Softphone CQ4’99PC-Based IP Phone
Directory AccessEasy to use GUI
Drag and Drop Access
CallManager
CallManager
CampusPSTN
IP
Cisco AVVID Solutions Available now
Cisco AVVID Solutions Available now
40Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions
40F0_4339_c1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 41 of 42
Summary & ConclusionSummary & Conclusion
• Cisco use H.323 based VoIP–Also supporting the other standards
• Cisco VoIP Architecture–Powerful, flexible IP architecture that supports multiple solutions - today !!
• Cisco VoIP Core Infrastructure For AVVID solution–Unified Messaging, IP Contact Centres, Collaboration
• This stuff is being deployed, now !