1. 1. Unit 2 Mesopotamia Egypt IPAD Home work Read pages 40-43 Definitions page 43 #1
2. 2. Unit 2 Mesopotamia Egypt IPAD Home work Read pages 45-46 Paragraph due Friday Explain how flooding patterns of rivers in Egypt and Mesopotamia caused the two civilizations to develop differently.
3. 3. The Gift of the Nile Herodotus
4. 4. The Fertile Crescent, in the Middle East. ChinaThailand
5. 5. Ancient Egypt is the first country (nation state) in history.. It was the first country to be united by a single government. It was the first country with a national culture. a nation-statea political territory whose population shares a common identitywas the invention of the ancient Egyptians.
6. 6. Ancient Egypt is the first country (nation state) in history.. 3 Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures laid the foundation of Egyptian National culture; the Bardarian, Nabta Playa and Eastern desert tribes .
7. 7. Geography and climate play a major role in making a unified Egypt culture.
8. 8. It has deserts on both sides.
9. 9. Desert -dry, barren region usually sandy and without trees, little rainfall or practical use of land unless irrigated
10. 10. Deserts protect Egypt from invaders.
11. 11. Individuals who do not get along with the group, can be sent to the desert.a death sentence.
12. 12. Its southern boarder has waterfalls.
13. 13. Waterfall- place where running water makes a sheer drop, usually over a cliff
14. 14. called cataracts.
15. 15. The only easy way to go to Egypt is along the Mediterranean Sea coast in the North.
16. 16. Coast- land along the sea or ocean
17. 17. The Eastern Desert has gold and copper mines.
18. 18. Most importantly, Egypt has lots of food. The Nile rivers annual flood allowed Egyptian farmers to produce a large surplus of food.
19. 19. Most importantly, Egypt has lots of food. Farmers could grow crops three times a year, if they cooperatively built irrigation ditches.
20. 20. The Greek Historian Herodotus
21. 21. The Nile River flows for 6,650 KM. It is the longest river in the world.
22. 22. The Nile River begins in Lake Victoria.
23. 23. Lake Victoria is the source of the Nile.
24. 24. Until the 20th Century, the Nile river gently floods every year.
25. 25. The Nile has two major branches the Blue Nile and the White Nile.
26. 26. Heavy summer rain in Nubia (Ethiopia) swells the Blue Nile.
27. 27. By August, water arrives in Egypt.
28. 28. The water spreads over the floodplain and stays for several weeks.
29. 29. Plain-a broad, flat or gently rolling area; usually low in elevation
30. 30. As the water slowly drains, it leaves behind a layer of new fertile soil.
31. 31. This allowed Neolithic Egyptian valley farmers to produce lots of food on the same land year after year.
32. 32. . Neolithic towns populations grew with the regular surpluses of food. . 1. Nile Valley Cultures
33. 33. . The most important orientation was south, where the flood waters came from, and many important trade routes went. 1. Nile Valley Cultures
34. 34. . So, upper Egypt was south of northern lower Egypt. . 1. Nile Valley Cultures Upper Egypt Lower Egypt
35. 35. . They built cities on the east side of the Nile, and cemeteries and burial monuments on the western desert side of the Nile. 1. Nile Valley Cultures Upper Egypt Lower Egypt
36. 36. . By 6000 BC, wood boats allowed Neolithic towns to interact with trade. . 1. Nile Valley Cultures
37. 37. . The Nile river was the super highway of Ancient Egypt, the source of movement. . 1. Nile Valley Cultures
38. 38. A few trade routes went through the desert to the copper and gold mines of the Eastern desert, along a series of oasis.
39. 39. A few trade routes went through the desert to the copper and gold mines of the Eastern desert, along a series of oasis.
40. 40. Oasis-a fertile place in the desert where there is water and some vegetation
41. 41. . By 5000 BC, people specialized in many jobs. 1. Nile Valley Cultures
42. 42. . By 5000 BC, Badarians live in stone houses in walled towns and villages. 1. Nile Valley Cultures Badarians
43. 43. . They had a diverse economy, which made furniture, pots, dishes, cups, bowls, vases, figurines, combs, etc. 1. Nile Valley Cultures Badarians
44. 44. . They made and wore jewelry. 1. Nile Valley Culture Badarians
45. 45. . By 3500 BC, they invented and wore cosmetics. 1. Bardrian
46. 46. . By 3500 BC, they invented and wore cosmetics. Wigs soon followed. . 1. Bardrian
47. 47. .1. Bardrian Nile Valley Cultures By 3500 BC, they played board games. (Senet the world's oldest game!)
48. 48. . They buried their dead in underground tombs on the West side of the Nile. They put supplies of food, jewelry, and other artifacts in the tombs 1. Bardrian Nile Valley Cultures
49. 49. Around 5000 BC, tribes from the Eastern and Western Sahara moved into the Nile Valley .
50. 50. The Eastern and Western Sahara had been Savanna.
51. 51. A savanna or savannah is a grassland ecosystem characterized by the trees being widely spaced from each other.
52. 52. But the climate changed (cause)! Summer rains that used to water the savanna moved south eastward.
53. 53. The summer rains now fell in Nubia, and the savannas dried out.
54. 54. By 5000 BC, the savannas had become mostly desert.
55. 55. . Located to the West of the Nile. 2. Nabta Plateau Culture
56. 56. Plateau-flat highland area with one steep face; elevated plain
57. 57. . Tribes domesticated cattle and lived as semi nomadic shepherds. 2. Nabta Plateau Culture
58. 58. . They built Megaliths. . 2. Nabta Plateau Culture
59. 59. . By 5000 BC, these evolved into megalith circles used as calendars. . 2. Nabta Plateau Culture
60. 60. . The sun would rise between different stones, as the seasons changed. 2. Nabta Plateau Culture
61. 61. . They knew that the rains would come after the summer solicits. 2. Nabta Plateau Culture
62. 62. . So the tribes would know when to move to the herds. . 2. Nabta Plateau Culture
63. 63. . Like the Nabta, they domesticated cattle and lived as semi nomads. 3. Eastern Desert Cultures
64. 64. . Like the Nabta , they had domesticated cattle and lived as semi nomads. 3. Eastern Desert Cultures
65. 65. . They enjoyed painting thousands of pictures. . 3. Eastern Desert Cultures
66. 66. . The most famous are at at Wadi Umm Salam. . 3. Eastern Desert Cultures
67. 67. . The most famous are at Wadi Umm Salam.3. Eastern Desert Cultures
68. 68. . As the savannas of the Western and Eastern deserts dried up the tribes moved into the Nile Valley.
69. 69. . Hathor, one of their first goddesses, took the form of a cow, which could carry the Sun on her horns.
70. 70. Hathor mother earth goddess and protector in human form.
71. 71. . Together the Bardarian, Nabta Plateau Culture and Eastern desert tribes layed the foundations of Egyptian culture.
72. 72. They cooperated and created the foundations of an Ancient Egyptian national culture. 1. Building monuments. 2. Hieroglyphics and decorative painting. 3. Food production. 4. Personal fashion (Jewelry, makeup, wigs, fashion). 5. Belief in an afterlife and burial of dead underground on the west bank of the Nile.
73. 73. Before Egypt unified politically, the Akkadian and Babylonian Empires took over Mesopotamia. NEXT TIME. . . . Babylonia
74. 74. NEXT STOP: EGYPT